Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Imipenem-cilastatin was evaluated for tolerability and efficacy in a multicenter open, noncomparative trial involving 178 infants and children with bacterial infections. Imipenemcilastatin was administered in total daily dosages of 100 mg/kg for patients up to 3 years of age and 60 mg/kg for those more than 3 years of age. Favorable clinical response was achieved in 98 of 100 patients judged evaluable for efficacy. Adverse effects were generally mild and reversible and included diarrhea alone or with vomiting (5.1%), irritation of intravenous infusion site (3.3%) and rash (2.2%). Changes in laboratory test values reported most frequently were thrombocytosis (8.9%), elevations in aspartate aminotransferase (7.9%) and alanine aminotransferase (5.6%) and eosinophilia (8.4%). This safety profile appears to be comparable to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Moreover imipenem-cilastatin was effective in infections caused by a broad spectrum of pathogens that include Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa and anaerobes. These attributes suggest that imipenem-cilastatin should be safe and effective in selected pediatric patients.
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PMID:Imipenem-cilastatin in pediatric patients: an overview of safety and efficacy in studies conducted in the United States. 268 88

In order to assess the safety of cefmetazole, preclinical multiple-dose parenteral studies, varying from one to three months in length, were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs. Although the largest doses used were in multiples of several times the weight-adjusted doses intended for humans, cefmetazole was generally well tolerated. The principal adverse effect noted in the adult rats receiving the largest doses (2000 and 2500 mg/kg/day) of cefmetazole was slight elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase. Infant rats injected subcutaneously with 300 mg/kg/day or more of cefmetazole for 35 consecutive days had reversible reductions in testicular weight and maturation of spermatogenesis, but not lasting discernible effect on reproductive function. The most consistent effects of longterm multiple dosing with cefmetazole in dogs consisted of vomiting and retching during dosing and reversible haematological changes (mild regenerative anaemia, positive Coombs' test, clinically-silent thrombocytopenia) in a number of the dogs. These findings supported the interpretation that cefmetazole was acceptably safe for clinical studies in humans.
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PMID:Preclinical safety studies of cefmetazole. 272 19

Intravenous administration of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was evaluated in pediatric patients. The serum half-lives of both ABPC and SBT were approximately 1 hour following the intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion of 20-35 mg/kg, and 30-50% of ABPC and 30-70% of SBT were recovered in the urine 6 hours. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ABPC and SBT were 0.76 and 0.68 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 1 hour after intravenous drip infusion of the 58 mg/kg, and concentration ratios of the drugs in cerebrospinal fluid/serum were 6.39 and 5.71%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients were treated with intravenous drip infusion of SBT/ABPC in doses ranging from 54 to 150 mg/kg divided into 3 times a day. The rate of clinical efficacy was 93.5% and the bacterial elimination rate was 92.3%. The synergistic activity of sulbactam with ampicillin was demonstrated against beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients in the present study. The side effects of SBT/ABPC were observed in 6 patients (5 diarrheas; 1 diarrhea with vomiting) out of 34 patients administered. Eosinophilia (2 patients) and a slight elevation of GOT (1 patient), GPT and LDH (1 patient) were observed. The tolerance to the therapy, however, was good.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on intravenous administration of sulbactam/ampicillin in pediatrics]. 274 46

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a newly developed oral cephem, were carried out in the treatment of infectious diseases in the field of pediatrics. 1. Since CPDX demonstrates very powerful antimicrobial actions against such Gram-negative bacilli as Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., such Gram-positive cocci as Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-lactamase producing Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae, this drug was thought to be useful for the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases when main causative bacteria in the field of pediatrics were taken into account. 2. When changes in blood and urine concentrations of CPDX following the administration of this drug at 3.7 mg/kg before meal were determined, Cmax and T1/2 were found to be 2.98 micrograms/ml at 2-hour and 1.73 hours, respectively; an urinary excretion rate in the first 6 hours and a maximum urine concentration were 32.5% and 52 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. Clinically, 8 of 8 patients with the upper respiratory tract infections (100%), 28 of 29 patients with bronchitis and/or pneumonia (96.6%), 3 of 4 patients with otitis media (75%), 2 of 2 patients with sinusitis (100%), 3 of 3 patients with the skin soft tissue infections (100%), 1 of 1 patient with bacterial enteritis (100%) and 11 of 14 patients with urinary tract infections (78.6%) responded well to the treatment with CPDX-PR, showing a 91.8% efficacy rate in all the patients treated. 4. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, B. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium were all eradicated from 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 5, 5, 11 and 1 patient, respectively. An eradication rate in all the patients examined was 97.5% (39/40). 5. Gastrointestinal symptoms appeared as side effects in 2 of 71 patients (vomiting in 1 and diarrhea in 1), hence, an incidence of side effects was 2.8% (2/71). As for abnormal laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and increases in GOT and GPT were observed in 3 of 39 patients examined (7.7%), 1 of 39 patients (2.6%) and 2 of 34 patients (5.9%), respectively. In addition, we also examined the effect of the drug on the hemostatic system, but found no changes upon the treatment. Based on these results, it appeared that CPDX-PR was a useful and safe drug in treatment of infectious diseases in the field of pediatrics when administered 2-3 times a day at a dose of 3-6 mg/kg.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 29

GR-C507/75 (GR38032F) antagonizes the 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptor and prevents cisplatin-induced emesis in animals. In this dose-ranging trial, 44 patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy known to produce nausea and vomiting (including cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) received three intravenous (IV) infusions of GR-C507/75 every two hours beginning 30 minutes before chemotherapy. Ten dosage levels were explored, ranging from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.35 mg/kg in each of the three infusions. Toxicities were mild and included sedation, dizziness, headache, transient elevations of SGOT or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and dry mouth. No akathisia or acute dystonic reactions were observed. Antiemetic effects were seen in patients receiving cisplatin at 120 mg/m2. GR-C507/75 can be safely administered on this schedule at IV dosages up to 0.35 mg/kg in patients receiving chemotherapy. Further studies of this agent at higher dosages and by different schedules are appropriate.
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PMID:Dose-ranging evaluation of the serotonin antagonist GR-C507/75 (GR38032F) when used as an antiemetic in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. 296 55

A Phase I study of rHu-TNF (PT-050) was conducted in patients with various malignant tumors refractory to conventional therapy. rHu-TNF was administered by 30-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion or intratumor (i.t.) injection. The starting dose of 1 X 10(5) U/body was increased to 5 X 10(6) U/body in the i.v. group and to 2 X 10(6) U/body in the i.t. group. rHu-TNF was evaluated in 41 patients among the enrolled 43 patients of the i.v. group, and in 9 out of 10 in the i.t. group. In the i.v. group, fever (68.3%), chills (75.6%), hypotension (46.3%), general fatigue (34.1%), nausea/vomiting (22.0%/22.0%), pain in the extremities (17.1%), etc. were observed as adverse reactions (ADRs), and elevation of GOT/GPT (46.3%/43.9%), elevation of ALP(26.8%)and decrease in platelets (12.2%), etc. were observed as abnormal laboratory findings. Among these, hypotension was recognized as the dose-limiting factor and the maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 1 X 10(6) U/body. Plasma levels of rHu-TNF after 30-min i.v. administration were dose-related, and decreased with half-lives of 0.5-2.4 hours. In the i.t. group, ADRs occurred with a lower incidence than in the i.v. group except for fever, chills and general fatigue. Plasma levels after i.t. administration were all within the assay limit. Evident tissue necrosis was observed in the region where rHu-TNF was administered in the i.t. group.
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PMID:[A phase I study of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHu-TNF: PT-050). The PT-050 Study Group]. 302 81

MK-0787 (Imipenem)/MK-0791 (Cilastatin sodium), a new compound of Thienamycin, was administered in treatment of 35 patients (36 cases) with chronic complicated UTI or for prevention of serious infections with much complicated factors. The patients were principally treated at a daily dose of 1 g for over 10 days. The efficacy rate of 26 patients who were evaluable in the early phase (4-7 days) was 88.5%, while it became up to 92.3% in the final phase judgment. As for clinical usefulness, the result was obtained to be as high as that of the clinical efficacy. In bacteriological study, 35 strains were clinically isolated including 7 strains of P. aeruginosa from UTI. All the strains disappeared with an eradication rate of 100% after treatment. Strains appearing after Imipenem/Cilastatin sodium treatment mainly consisted of fungi. Usefulness judgements tended to be greater in the final phase than in the early phase. As for side effects, vomiting was recorded in one case, in which the administration was discontinued. In laboratory findings there were 3 cases with elevated GPT, 2 cases with elevated GOT, one case with elevated gamma-GTP, one with thrombocytopenia, and one with eosinophilia each, but these abnormal values were slight and transient. In summary our clinical study showed that Imipenem/Cilastatin sodium was a very effective antibiotic in treatment on moderate or serious UTI or preventive use for infections in compromised hosts. Considering the features of this agent, it might be more effective and useful for clinical use in treatment on polymicrobial infections including stubborn organisms than any other antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, it was safe and well tolerable in a long term treatment.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of MK-0787/MK-0791 for long-term administration in urological infections]. 310 48

We report the biochemical results in 90 women presenting to an eating disorders clinic: 61 who had bulimia, 22 with anorexia nervosa and seven unclassified. The results were compared with 30 control women. The group of women with an eating disorder had significantly higher concentrations of total CO2, calcium, AST, ALT, ALP, albumin and cholesterol and significantly lower concentrations of potassium, chloride and phosphate in the plasma. The elevated calcium could be accounted for in part by an increase in total CO2 and an increase in albumin. Hypokalaemia was strongly associated with self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse. Biochemical abnormalities occurred in both forms of eating disorders; however, hypercholesterolaemia was more common in anorexia nervosa and abnormal liver enzymes were more common in bulimia.
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PMID:Biochemical abnormalities in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. 310 18

Degradable starch microspheres (DSM) have a mean diameter of 45 micron and temporarily obstruct blood flow at the arteriolar (micro-circulatory) level. A new approach was attempted to improve the anticancer effect on non-resectable liver cancer with simultaneous administration of DSM and MMC (mitomycin C) or ADR (adriamycin) into hepatic artery. Three patients with primary liver cancer were treated with DSM (600-1200 mg) and ADR (20-60 mg), and five with metastatic liver cancer were treated with DSM and MMC (10-20 mg). The treatment was repeated two to ten times. Partial or minor responses were observed in 1 out of 3 cases of primary liver cancer and 3 out of 5 metastatic cases. Side effects of DSM were temporary and mild epigastric or chest pain, vomiting, fever, slight dyspnea, etc. A temporary change in the liver functional data (GOT, GPT) was noted in 3 patients. Selective intra-hepatic arterial chemo-embolization therapy with DSM would appear to be beneficial for the treatment of liver cancers with appropriate indications. Cases in which DSM and anticancer drugs were effected were presented in detail.
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PMID:[Hepatic arterial infusion of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) with adriamycin or mitomycin C in liver cancer]. 313 87

A 27-year-old gravida 2 was hospitalized in the 37th week of pregnancy because of nausea, vomiting and upper abdominal pain. She had severe thrombocytopenia (600/microliter), haemolysis and markedly abnormal liver functions (bilirubin 7.4 mg/dl, GOT 512, GPT 650 and LDH 1772 U/l), indicating a probably immunologically induced syndrome (HELLP) of late pregnancy. After platelet infusion and antithrombin III substitution a slightly growth-retarded girl was delivered without complications by section because of threatened intrauterine asphyxia while the cervix was undilated. The maternal platelet count and the liver functions quickly returned to normal post-partum.
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PMID:[Severe thrombocytopenia, hemolysis and liver function disorder in late pregnancy. HELLP syndrome]. 316 83


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