Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 74-year-old male was admitted to hospital with acute rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria due to hypokalemia. The hypokalemia resulted from diuretic treatment. He had no family history of myopathy, and no diarrhea and vomiting. The neurological examination revealed painful quadriplegia. The blood pressure was 160/74 mm Hg. Laboratory examination showed hypokalemic and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (serum K 1.5 mEq/l, serum Cl 89 mEq/l, base excess + 20.9, HCO3- 44.9 mmol/l, pH 7.563) and marked elevations of serum CPK, LDH, GOT, GPT and myoglobin. Endocrinological and renal functions were normal. Muscle biopsy revealed marked necrosis with remarkable phagocytosis and vacuolar degeneration. The cessation of diuretics and intravenous infusion of potassium chloride resulted in a marked improvement in clinical and laboratory findings. The diuretics-induced hypokalemic myopathy is rare in the literature.
 ...
PMID:Marked hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria due to diuretic treatment. 175 65

Ondansetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has been compared with high-dose metoclopramide in the control of acute emesis (24 h) induced by cisplatin (greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2). Ondansetron, given as three intravenous doses (0.15 mg/kg) 4-hourly, was superior to six intravenous doses of metoclopramide (2.0 mg/kg) in the control of acute emesis. Complete control of emesis was achieved in 40% of patients receiving ondansetron compared to 30% of patients receiving metoclopramide (P = 0.07); complete or major control (0-2 emetic episodes) was achieved in 65% and 51% of the patients receiving the two treatments respectively (P = 0.016). Patients entered in the acute emesis study who experienced no emesis or up to two episodes were randomised between placebo and ondansetron on day 2 to evaluate the control of delayed emesis up to day 5. Complete control of persistent or delayed emesis over days 2-5 was achieved in 59-78% of patients with oral ondansetron (16 mg t.d.s.) compared to 39-50% of patients receiving oral placebo. These differences failed to reach statistical significance except on day 4. Some patients with complete or major control of emesis on their first course of chemotherapy subsequently received further courses of ondansetron (median 3 courses; range 2-10) on a non-comparative basis. Similar control was achieved in 85% of courses. There may be some reduction in the degree of control with subsequent courses. Of 44 patients with complete control at cycle 1, 19 (44%) were emesis free and 3 (7%) experienced 1-2 episodes with cycle 3, though patients were sometimes withdrawn before cycle 3 for reasons other than inadequate anti-emetic control. Efficacy with successive courses can only be established in a prospective comparative trial. Both treatments were well tolerated but ondansetron caused significantly greater transient asymptomatic elevations in ALT/AST (P = 0.003/0.005). Acute dystonic reactions (2 patients) and akathisia (10 patients) occurred with metoclopramide only (P = 0.002). The role of ondansetron in the control of delayed emesis requires further study.
 ...
PMID:Progress in the control of acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin. 183 33

Okinawa prefecture is well known as an endemic area of Strongyloides stercoralis infection, and its recent infection rate was reported 6.2%, which was investigated by a new technique to detect S. stercoralis, agar plate method. Traditional treatment with thiabendazole was temporarily effective for S. stercoralis, but the recurrence rate was extremely high. We tried the new treatment for the purpose of complete eradication of the parasite. The patients were divided into two groups, who were given 500 mg of thiabendazole three times daily for 5 days and not medicated for the following 9 days. The medication was repeated 3 times in group 1 which consisted of 92 patients and 4 times in group 2 which consisted of 70 patients. Obtained results were as follows: 1) Six months after treatment, the cure rate was 89.5% in the only one course treatment, and 100% in more than 2 course treatments. 2) Side effects such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia or general fatigue were noted in 67.5% of all the patients after initial treatment, and 45.1% of the patients were dropped out of this trial. The dose of the drug was reduced in 32.1% of the patients, and only 22.8% were treated with full course of the regimen. 3) The elevation of S-GPT was observed in 33.8% of all patients. After initial treatment the rate was only 8.1%, but after 3 or 4 repeated course of treatments the rate was elevated to 39.0% and 45.4%, respectively. The liver injury was closely related to the total dose of thiabendazole and the period of the medication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[New trial with thiabendazole for treatment of human strongyloidiasis]. 207 49

Phase II study of YNK01 (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate), a derivative of cytosine arabinoside, on hematological malignancies was conducted by multi-institutional cooperative group. YNK01 was administered orally at dose of 100-300 mg/body/day for more than 2 weeks. The number of registered and evaluated patients were 211 and 156, respectively. Of 23 patients with acute myelogeneous leukemia (AML), 2 complete response (CR), one partial response (PR) were observed (CR + PR: 13.0%). Hypoplastic leukemia (1/4: 25%), acute unclassified leukemia (1/1: 100%). Of 45 patients with MDS, 2CRs, 6 good response (GR) and 5PRs were observed (CR + PR: 28.9%). AML developing after a prior history of MDS (5/17: 29.4%), CML-BC (2/9: 22.2%). Of 19 patients with CML, 9 achieved CR, 3 achieved PR (63.2%). Of 11 patients with polycythemia vera, 4 achieved CR, 5 achieved PR (81.8%). Of 6 patients with essential thrombocytosis, 2 achieved CR, one achieved PR (50%). The major adverse effects included gastrointestinal toxicities such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and elevation of GOT and GPT which were tolerable and reversible. This study indicates that YNK01 is a useful agent against acute leukemia and MDS, especially RAEB, RAEB in T, CMMoL.
 ...
PMID:[Phase II study of YNK01 (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate) on hematological malignancies]. 226 Aug 76

Fifteen Thai children, diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever and admitted to the Children's Hospital in Bangkok, were studied. All cases were serologically proved to be secondary dengue infections. The clinical signs and symptoms in the first few days of the acute febrile phase were similar to those observed in cases with classical dengue fever, and included continuously high fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, etc. In the laboratory findings we noted hypoalbuminemia and mild elevation of the GOT and GPT. The hemogram showed an increasing atypical lymphocyte count during the acute febrile period. Prolongations of the partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were also found, especially in the severe shock cases. All patients had varying degrees of hepatomegaly and pleural effusion from their chest x-rays accompanied by a rapid increase in the hematocrit of more than 20% and a fall in the platelet count to less than 100000/microliters. During the plasma leakage period the patients easily developed shock, even leading to death, unless adequate fluid supplies were given. This is also the major pathophysiological difference between dengue hemorrhagic fever and classical dengue fever. Although some studies concerning the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever have been reported, but the exact mechanisms need further investigation.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical observation of 15 Thai children with dengue hemorrhagic fever]. 234 55

We reviewed retrospectively a cohort of 80 patients with hyperemesis gravidarum hospitalized between 1976 and 1986 for the presence of abnormal liver enzymes and ketonuria. Thirteen (16%) had abnormal liver enzymes, generally less than four times the upper limit of normal. In this group, hyperemesis gravidarum began at the 14th week of pregnancy as compared to the 6th week in the normal enzyme group (p less than 0.01). Both groups were similar with regard to age, number of children and pregnancies, and duration of vomiting. Ketonuria was significantly more severe (p less than 0.01) in the abnormal enzyme group, implying a more severe state of starvation and dehydration. The correlation coefficient between the degree of ketonuria and level of liver enzymes was low for alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.18), GPT (r = 0.15), and GOT (r = 0.28). The concept that dehydration and starvation are important factors for the induction of liver cell injury is supported by our data. Lack of correlation between the degree of ketonuria and liver enzyme levels is suggestive of other mechanisms (hormonal, genetic) that may interact to produce transaminasemia.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal liver enzymes and ketonuria in hyperemesis gravidarum. A retrospective review of 80 patients. 236 99

As adverse reactions to the combination treatment by the digestive system, we observed the occurrence of nausea and vomiting in 15% of the cases who received FTP treatment consisting of 5-FU, toyomicin and prednisone, 25% of the cases who received MFU treatment consisting of MMC, 5-FU and ACNU, and in 64% of the cases who received PPQ treatment consisting of CDDP, Carboquone (CQ) and prednisone. The antiemetics usually used are metoclopramide and droperidol, and we preadminister valproate preparation when persistent and delayed emesis is predicted. Several randomized trials have been made, and good efficacies with drugs such as metoclopramide, domperidone and steroid have been reported. Efficacy was good with acute emesis, but nonexistent with delayed emesis. As to the liver injury, in our combination treatment, only one case showed elevation of GPT by more than 500 units in the cases treated with MFU, while, increase in liver enzymes in the blood was observed in 10-20% of the cases. Similarly, there were not so many cases of liver injury during PPQ treatment. Thus, liver injury due to carcinostatic would be less frequent. Moreover, autopsy revealed hepatocellular-type of liver injury, cholestatic type liver injury and fatty metamorphosis at reasonable incidence. There were no typical cases of veno-occlusive disease which are noticed recently. The most important point for prevention and countermeasures against liver injury is to be careful not to use the previously mentioned drugs exhibiting toxicity in the liver if hepatic disease exists.
 ...
PMID:[Adverse reactions to carcinostatics and countermeasures]. 249 62

In order to objectively evaluate the efficacy and the safety of ceftriaxone (CTRX) using once daily administration of 1 g to cases of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, a group comparison study by the envelope method was conducted using cefotiam (CTM) as the control drug (2 g twice daily). The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical efficacies evaluated by the committee were 71% in the CTRX group and 86% in the CTM group for acute suppurative otitis media, and 63% and 60%, respectively, for chronic suppurative otitis media. When all cases were considered both groups evidenced a clinical efficacy of 64%, and no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. 2. Clinical efficacies evaluated by the physician in charge were 65% in the CTRX group and 86% in the CTM group for acute suppurative otitis media, and 72% and 60%, respectively, for chronic suppurative otitis media. When all cases were considered efficacies were, respectively, 70% and 64%, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups. 3. Bacteriological efficacies were 88% in the CTRX group and 86% in the CTM group for acute suppurative otitis media, and 74% and 62%, respectively, for chronic suppurative otitis media. With all cases bacterial eradication rates were, respectively, 76% and 67%. Bacterial eradication rates were always higher for the CTRX group than for the CTM group, but the difference was not significant between the 2 groups. 4. Against infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus alone, CTRX showed equal clinical and bacteriological efficacies to CTM. 5. As side effects, dermatitis, vomiting, and malaise were observed in 5 cases (4%) of the CTRX group and 3 cases (3%) of the CTM group. As clinical testing abnormalities, elevations of GOT, GPT, and Al-P, and thrombocytopenia were noted only in 3 cases (5%) of the CTRX group. Furthermore, all of these abnormalities were temporary and of moderate degree or mild, thus the safety of either drug was considered high. 6. Clinical utilities were 71% in the CTRX group and 86% in the CTM group for acute suppurative otitis media, and 72% and 62%, respectively, for chronic suppurative otitis media. When all cases were included, they were 72% and 66%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. It is concluded from the above results that CTRX is a highly useful drug with once daily administration of 1 g in the treatment of suppurative otitis media.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of the efficacy of ceftriaxone in acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. A comparative study with cefotiam as the control]. 252 93

The chronic oral toxicity of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4), a new anti-pollakiuria agent, was studied in beagle dogs. Groups of 6 males and 6 females were treated with P-4 at doses of 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 9 mg/kg/day for one year and thereafter 2 animals of both sexes in each group were placed on withdrawal for one month. During administration and recovery period, no death occurred in any dosed animals. As a toxic sign, only the frequency of vomiting was increased in animals of 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups. Body weight, food and water consumption were not affected by the P-4 administration. In serum chemical examinations, gamma-GTP activity was increased in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group at 6 month of administration. Further decrease in total and free cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid, increase in GPT activity were detected in some animals of 9 mg/kg/day group at 12 month of administration. In addition decreasing tendency in levels of albumin was noted in males of 9 mg/kg/day group at 9 and 12 month of administration. And also, a gradual increase in total protein level and a gradual decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity were seen in control group, but in females or males of 9 mg/kg/day group, those changes were mild. Urine pH rised slightly in females of 3 mg/kg/day group and in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group. No specific findings attributable to P-4 treatment were detected in ECG, heart rate, funduscopy, hematology, fecal occult blood test and necropsy. The absolute and/or relative liver weight in males of 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups were significantly increased. Light-microscopically, the hypertrophy of hepatocytes characterized by homogenization and enlargement of cytoplasmic space, and concentric inclusions in hepatocytic cytoplasm were detected in both sexes of 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups. Corresponding to these microscopical findings, the following changes were observed electron-microscopically, the proliferation of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes in both sexes of 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups, lamellar bodies in hepatocytes in females of 3 mg/kg/day group, and in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group, and annulate lamellae in hepatocytes were detected in one female of 9 mg/kg/day group. After the recovery period, the above mentioned abnormalities were markedly attenuated or disappeared except the changes in hepatocytes. From these results, it seemed that 9 mg/kg/day of P-4 might be safety dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[One-year chronic oral toxicity study of propiverine hydrochloride in dogs followed by one-month recovery]. 260 51

Using patients with carcinomatous peritonitis caused by gastric cancer, we conducted a Phase II clinical study of LC 9018 by administering the agent alone or in combination with mitomycin C (MMC). Out of 29 patients enrolled, 12 were treated with LC 9018 alone and 17 others with LC 9018 + MMC. Of these, 15 cases were found completely evaluable. The response rate for 15 complete cases against carcinomatous peritonitis was 60.0% (3/5) for the group treated with LC9018 alone and 70.0% (7/10) with LC9018 + MMC. Of the 27 eligible patients, the ascites could be controlled in 58.3% (7/12) for those treated with LC9018 alone and 60.0% (9/15) for those with LC9018 + MMC, with tumor cells being eliminated in 50.0% (6/12) and 60.0% (9/15), respectively. Major adverse reactions included fever, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain and increases in GOT and GPT. These findings suggest that LC9018 might be a useful therapeutic agent against carcinomatous peritonitis of gastric cancer whether used alone or in combination with MMC.
 ...
PMID:[Phase II clinical study of LC9018 on carcinomatous peritonitis of gastric cancer. Subgroup for Carcinomatous Peritonitis, Cooperative, Study Group of LC9018]. 266 Jul 50


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>