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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
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PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

Medical records of 11 cats with lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes were reviewed. All 9 cats tested were FeLV-negative. Ten cats had a history of anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, or diarrhea, and had lymphoma involving abdominal viscera. The most common site of tumor in these cats was the jejunum. One cat had cutaneous masses caused by dermal and epidermal infiltration with neoplastic large granular lymphocytes. The most common hematologic abnormality was leukocytosis, characterized by neutrophilia with a left shift (7 cats); 2 cats had a left shift without neutrophilia. None of the cats had lymphocytosis, but immature large granular lymphocytes were found in the blood of 4 cats. The most common serum biochemical abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia (10 cats), hypocalcemia (10 cats), hypoproteinemia (9 cats), high aspartate transaminase activity (9 cats), and hyperbilirubinemia (8 cats). Large granular lymphocytes were characterized by abundant cytoplasm containing distinct azurophilic granules that varied in size and number. The most common cytochemical staining pattern included detection of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase activities. On examination of histologic sections, granules stained weakly eosinophilic with Giemsa and moderately with periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Ultrastructurally, the granules appeared membrane bound and contained an electron-dense matrix in 4 cats.
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PMID:Lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes in cats: 11 cases (1982-1991). 142 72

Three residents of New Jersey suddenly developed vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea 12 h after ingesting five to 13 hand-picked Amanita phalloides-type mushrooms. The group was led by an amateur mycologist who had been eating hand-picked mushrooms without complications for 20 years. The patients developed mild to severe acute hepatic injury, with a peak serum aspartate aminotransferase level ranging from 133 to 826 Karmen U/L, and a peak serum alanine amino-transferase level ranging from 163 to 1176 Karmen U/L. One of the patients developed a transient severe coagulopathy, but no one developed renal failure or hepatic coma, and all rapidly improved. These three cases demonstrate that mycetismus can occur in the heavily urbanized northeastern United States, that consuming hand-picked mushrooms even under the guidance of an experienced amateur may be dangerous, and that Amanita phalloides ingestion produces a biphasic illness with early gastrointestinal symptoms and subsequent hepatic injury.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal and hepatic effects of Amanita phalloides ingestion. 147 67

Administration of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine in a dog was associated with vomiting, inappetence, and icterus, and high values of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and total bilirubin concentration. The clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities resolved after discontinuation of the treatment. Histologic examination of sections from a liver biopsy specimen revealed moderate, predominantly portal hepatitis with cholestasis.
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PMID:Presumptive trimethoprim-sulfadiazine-related hepatotoxicosis in a dog. 154 70

A seven-month-old girl was admitted to the Pediatrics Department of Mackay Memorial Hospital with the following symptoms and signs: (1) high fever for more than five days; (2) injection of bilateral conjunctiva; (3) bright red lips with strawberry tongue; (4) edematous change of palms and soles, followed by digit desquamation; (5) an ill-defined, erythematous plaque on the scar of the BCG. Kawasaki disease was diagnosed, and high dose aspirin (100 mg/kg/day) and intravenous gamma-globulin (IVIG) (400 mg/kg/day) were given for four days. The patient was afebrile on the second day after IVIG infusion, and was discharged six days after admission. A small single daily dose of aspirin (10 mg/kg/day) was given after the afebrile days. Unfortunately, vomiting and consciousness disturbance were noted one day after discharge. Laboratory data showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ammonia. Hypoglycemia and prolonged PT and PTT were also noted. Reye syndrome was suspected, and the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for further management. A liver biopsy gave findings consistent with Reye syndrome. In spite of intensive treatment, the infant expired on the second day after admission. In a review of the literature, no correlation between these two syndromes was found. This rare case is presented to warn that Reye syndrome may follow Kawasaki disease when aspirin has been prescribed at a high dose.
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PMID:Kawasaki disease with Reye syndrome: report of one case. 162 54

Cefpodoxime proxetil is an oral cephem antibiotic of a new ester type, developed by Sankyo Co., Ltd in Japan. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, which includes Staphylococcus, and a long half-life, allowing twice-daily administration. In Japan, clinical studies on this drug were performed in various fields, including internal medicine, surgery, urology, otorhinolaryngology, and obstetrics and gynaecology. Good or excellent clinical responses were observed in 2275 of 2902 patients analysed, giving a 78.4% efficacy rate overall. Side effects occurred in 98 patients (2.7%); these were mainly gastrointestinal and included diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting. Abnormal laboratory test results observed included increased AST in 2.8% (55 of 1973), increased ALT in 3.2% (63 of 1965), and eosinophilia in 2.4% (36 of 1521).
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PMID:Summary of clinical experience with cefpodoxime proxetil in adults in Japan. 172 2

Ondansetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has been compared with high-dose metoclopramide in the control of acute emesis (24 h) induced by cisplatin (greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2). Ondansetron, given as three intravenous doses (0.15 mg/kg) 4-hourly, was superior to six intravenous doses of metoclopramide (2.0 mg/kg) in the control of acute emesis. Complete control of emesis was achieved in 40% of patients receiving ondansetron compared to 30% of patients receiving metoclopramide (P = 0.07); complete or major control (0-2 emetic episodes) was achieved in 65% and 51% of the patients receiving the two treatments respectively (P = 0.016). Patients entered in the acute emesis study who experienced no emesis or up to two episodes were randomised between placebo and ondansetron on day 2 to evaluate the control of delayed emesis up to day 5. Complete control of persistent or delayed emesis over days 2-5 was achieved in 59-78% of patients with oral ondansetron (16 mg t.d.s.) compared to 39-50% of patients receiving oral placebo. These differences failed to reach statistical significance except on day 4. Some patients with complete or major control of emesis on their first course of chemotherapy subsequently received further courses of ondansetron (median 3 courses; range 2-10) on a non-comparative basis. Similar control was achieved in 85% of courses. There may be some reduction in the degree of control with subsequent courses. Of 44 patients with complete control at cycle 1, 19 (44%) were emesis free and 3 (7%) experienced 1-2 episodes with cycle 3, though patients were sometimes withdrawn before cycle 3 for reasons other than inadequate anti-emetic control. Efficacy with successive courses can only be established in a prospective comparative trial. Both treatments were well tolerated but ondansetron caused significantly greater transient asymptomatic elevations in ALT/AST (P = 0.003/0.005). Acute dystonic reactions (2 patients) and akathisia (10 patients) occurred with metoclopramide only (P = 0.002). The role of ondansetron in the control of delayed emesis requires further study.
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PMID:Progress in the control of acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin. 183 33

A previously healthy 35-year-old woman was seen at 37 weeks' gestation with a 10-day history of fever, vomiting, diarrhea and malaise. Serum laboratory findings included elevation of serum bilirubin and AST, prolongation of serum prothrombin time and a positive monospot. A tentative diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy was made, and a healthy male infant was delivered by emergency cesarean section because of fetal distress. Over the subsequent 3 days, acute progressive oliguric renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypoglycemia requiring intravenous dextrose infusion and pancreatitis developed; her mental status progressed to stage III encephalopathy. Quantitative computed tomography estimated the liver volume to be 770 cm3. The decision to proceed with orthotopic liver transplantation was made on the basis of progressive clinical deterioration despite aggressive support and because of her small liver size. After transplant, the patient's multisystem failure rapidly reversed. Histopathological examination of the native liver demonstrated predominantly zone 3 microvesicular steatosis with characteristic ultrastructural changes consistent with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Southern blot analysis for Epstein-Barr virus DNA was negative. We conclude that orthotopic liver transplantation should be considered for the small group of patients with fulminant hepatic failure associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy who manifest signs of irreversible liver failure despite delivery of the fetus and aggresive supportive care.
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PMID:Fulminant hepatic failure caused by acute fatty liver of pregnancy treated by orthotopic liver transplantation. 240 63

Trimetrexate is a nonclassical antifolate with greater preclinical antitumor activity than methotrexate. Fourteen patients with stage III or IV non-small-cell lung cancer who had not previously received chemotherapy were given trimetrexate (12 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days) every 3 weeks. No major objective responses were observed (95% confidence limits: 0-20%). Ten of the 14 patients had grade 2 or greater toxicity, with 50% experiencing grade 2 or greater leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia. Nausea, vomiting, rash, mucositis, diarrhea, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) elevations were also seen. At the dosage and schedule of trimetrexate used, no responses occurred in this population of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. With the low response rate and the observed degree of myelosuppression, trimetrexate appears to have limited utility in this disease.
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PMID:Phase II trial of trimetrexate in patients with stage III and IV non-small-cell lung cancer. 253 13

Imipenem-cilastatin was evaluated for tolerability and efficacy in a multicenter open, noncomparative trial involving 178 infants and children with bacterial infections. Imipenemcilastatin was administered in total daily dosages of 100 mg/kg for patients up to 3 years of age and 60 mg/kg for those more than 3 years of age. Favorable clinical response was achieved in 98 of 100 patients judged evaluable for efficacy. Adverse effects were generally mild and reversible and included diarrhea alone or with vomiting (5.1%), irritation of intravenous infusion site (3.3%) and rash (2.2%). Changes in laboratory test values reported most frequently were thrombocytosis (8.9%), elevations in aspartate aminotransferase (7.9%) and alanine aminotransferase (5.6%) and eosinophilia (8.4%). This safety profile appears to be comparable to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Moreover imipenem-cilastatin was effective in infections caused by a broad spectrum of pathogens that include Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa and anaerobes. These attributes suggest that imipenem-cilastatin should be safe and effective in selected pediatric patients.
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PMID:Imipenem-cilastatin in pediatric patients: an overview of safety and efficacy in studies conducted in the United States. 268 88


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