Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential toxicity of FE-S15 (B. Braun-Melsungen), a soybean-oil fat emulsion used in parenteral nutrition, was studied in dogs. Forty pure-bred beagles, in two experimental groups (FE-S15 at 9 and 4 g/kg/day) and two corresponding control groups (receiving Dextrose-Ringer's solution), were given daily infusions for 28 days via a central venous catheter. Vital signs and hematologic, biochemical, and bacteriologic changes were monitored closely. When compared with control groups, no significant weight loss was observed in either group; the food intake decreased only in animals receiving fat in high doses. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased in all groups during infusion, the greatest fall observed in the group receiving high-dose fat infusion where the hematocrit declined from 45.5% to 31.7%. This decrease was significantly different from the controls only during one observation period. Clinical signs, such as lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite and fever were observed infrequently in both experimental and control animals, more often in those treated with high-dose fat infusion. It appears that the fat emulsion FE-S15 causes only minor side effects but otherwise is well tolerated in dogs at a potentially toxic level.
 ...
PMID:Studies of the toxicity of an intravenous fat emulsion. i. Hematologic changes and survival after administration of a soybean oil (FE-S15) in beagles. 11 23

In Ohio, a 33-year old woman who had never had an ectopic pregnancy presented at an emergency facility not physically attached to a hospital with abdominal pain over 24 hours which had become more intense during the preceding 4 hours. She did not have vaginal bleeding, diarrhea, vomiting, or pain while urinating. 2 weeks earlier she had a voluntary intrauterine abortion at 8 weeks' gestation. She had intercourse 1 week before coming to the emergency facility. She had widespread tenderness in her abdomen, especially in the lower areas. Blood cell studies suggested an infection. The attending physician presumed her to have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) as a result of either sexual intercourse or the elective abortion. The physician called for a urinary beta human chorionic gonadotropin test to determine whether placental tissue remained in the uterus. It was positive. 60 minutes after admission, the supine patient's pain increased and her blood pressure dropped to 80/50 mm Hg from 100/60 mm Hg at admission. After administering Ringer's solution, the health team sat her up and she fainted. A repeat cell count indicated sepsis. Her blood pressure decreased to 60 by Doppler and the physician continued to give her fluids and began dopamine. After the team stabilized her, they transferred her to a hospital. Her private physician examined her and then began surgery. The physician found a tubal pregnancy and removed the affected tube and ovary. She recuperated completely. Combined intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy occurs once in every 30,000 cases. Previous PID, use of ovulation inducing medication, and in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer increases the likelihood of this type of pregnancy occurring. Physicians should consider this possibility if a woman has any of these histories and a combination of abdominal pain, adnexal mass with pain and tenderness, peritoneal irritation, and an enlarged uterus.
 ...
PMID:Ruptured ectopic pregnancy in a patient with a recent intrauterine abortion. 157 Sep 21

Whole bowel irrigation (WBI) was performed in 60 children aged two to 16 yrs (mean 5.1 +/- 0.5 yrs) in preparation for surgery (n: 59) and rectoscopy (n: 1). Isotonic saline (n: 43) and lactated Ringer's solutions (n: 17) were infused for irrigation. Vital signs remained stable during the procedure. Negligible electrolytic alterations were encountered. In general, WBI was well tolerated by all the patients. Two (3.3%) patients had abdominal cramps, vomiting was observed in nine (15%) and edema developed in one (16%). The results of the preparation were assessed as satisfactory in 45 cases (75%), adequate in 10 cases (16.6%) and poor in 5 cases (8.3%). Diarrhea, as a complication of saline, has not been reported previously in the literature, but was observed in 32 of our cases (74.4%), and lasted 2-5 days (mean 3.38 +/- 0.7 days) after irrigation. In addition, it is noteworthy that bile-stained intraluminal clear fluid was seen only in the patients who had been irrigated with lactated Ringer's solution. Our research related to this observation is continuing.
 ...
PMID:Whole bowel irrigation in children: prolonged post-irrigation diarrhea due to isotonic saline. 209 55

The hypothesis that the lipid emulsion of the emulsion formulation of propofol is responsible for the low frequency of nausea, retching, and vomiting after propofol anesthesia was tested. A randomized, prospective, and comparative study was performed to evaluate the antiemetic effect of 10% lipid solution in 60 women, ASA physical status I and II, scheduled for ambulatory laparoscopic procedures. Two groups of patients were studied. Induction of anesthesia (thiopental) and maintenance of anesthesia (enflurane, nitrous oxide) were similar in both groups. At induction the study group received 10% Intralipid (3 mL/min for 20 min). The control group received 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution at the same rate. Other drugs administered during or after anesthesia were similar among the groups. The groups were similar with respect to duration of anesthesia, characteristics of early and intermediate recovery, as well as pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit. There were no differences in the amount of antiemetic medications administered or postoperative nausea, retching, or vomiting when the patients were evaluated objectively by a blinded observer or subjectively by patient self-evaluation. It is concluded that 10% Intralipid, the lipid in the emulsion formulation of propofol, does not possess significant antiemetic effects.
 ...
PMID:Is the antiemetic effect of the emulsion formulation of propofol due to the lipid emulsion? 222 15

Fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin display marked therapeutic synergy in preclinical models and are effective in the treatment of a number of solid tumors when combined and administered intravenously (IV). Each drug has also been administered intraperitoneally (IP) and displays a favorable pharmacologic profile and acceptable clinical toxicity. We therefore undertook a phase I study to determine the feasibility and toxicity of combination IP chemotherapy with these agents. Thirty-one patients with histologically documented malignancy confined to the peritoneal space were treated with cisplatin 90 mg/m2 mixed with 5-FU in 2 L of lactated Ringer's solution and given IP for 4 hours every 28 days. Cohorts of at least three patients received starting 5-FU concentrations ranging from 5 mmol/L (1,300 mg in 2 L) to 20 mmol/L. The dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia with a median granulocyte nadir of 156 cells per microliter occurring at a 5-FU dose of 20 mmol/L. Intrapatient escalation of the 5-FU dose was permitted and 15 cycles of chemotherapy were delivered at 5-FU concentrations greater than 20 mmol/L, the highest concentration being 30.7 mmol/L (8 g of 5-FU in 2L). Other toxicities included mild to moderate nausea during all cycles of therapy, vomiting in 54% of cycles, and diarrhea in 15% of cycles. Abdominal pain, renal dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, and oral mucositis occurred infrequently and were not related to the 5-FU dose. Peritoneal fluid and plasma 5-FU concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in selected patients. Mean peak plasma 5-FU concentrations ranged from 6.19 mumol/L to greater than 60 mumol/L, and peritoneal fluid to plasma 5-FU area under the curve (AUC) ratios ranged from 85 to 1,150. Nine of 15 patients with nonbulky disease had resolution of malignant ascites or at least a 50% reduction of peritoneal studding by tumor at repeat laparotomy. We conclude that combination IP chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-FU is technically feasible and has acceptable clinical toxicity and a favorable pharmacologic profile. The recommended starting 5-FU dose for phase II trials is 3,900 mg mixed with 90 mg/m2 of cisplatin in 2 L of isotonic fluid.
 ...
PMID:Phase I clinical and pharmacologic study of intraperitoneal cisplatin and fluorouracil in patients with advanced intraabdominal cancer. 223 Aug 97

This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy of metoclopramide administered at the completion of surgery as an antiemetic agent in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory strabismus surgery; 126 unpremedicated ASA Physical Status 1 and 2 children ranging in age from 2 to 18 yr served as subjects. All received general anesthesia with halothane, N2O, and O2; tracheal intubation was facilitated with intravenous (iv) atracurium 0.5 mg/kg. Intravenous atropine 0.02 mg/kg and lactated Ringer's solution with 5% dextrose equivalent to 4 h of maintenance fluids were administered during surgery. Neither opioids nor droperidol were given intraoperatively. At the completion of surgery, residual muscle paralysis was reversed with atropine 0.02 mg/kg (maximum dose 1.0 mg) and neostigmine 0.07 mg/kg (maximum dose 5.0 mg), and the stomach was decompressed prior to tracheal extubation. After the patient had been transferred to the postanesthesia recovery room (PARR) either metoclopramide 0.15 mg/kg or normal saline was administered intravenously to the children over a 1-min period. A research associate monitored the children for the incidence of post-operative vomiting and the time required for each child to meet discharge criteria from Short Stay Recovery Unit (SSRU). If a child vomited more than three times in both the PARR and SSRU, the vomiting was construed to be severe and the patient was offered further antiemetic treatment with iv droperidol 70 micrograms/kg. The incidence of postoperative vomiting in the metoclopramide group was 37% versus 59% in the placebo group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Metoclopramide reduces the incidence of vomiting following strabismus surgery in children. 240 36

The authors evaluated the antiemetic properties of transdermal scopolamine (TDS) in healthy patients undergoing elective cesarean section and receiving epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia. Prior to administration of anesthesia, 203 patients had either TDS or a placebo study patch applied behind one ear. All patients were hydrated with lactated Ringer's solution iv and given 2.0% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine epidurally for surgical anesthesia. Following delivery of the infant, 4 mg of morphine sulphate was injected through the epidural catheter. After the operation patients were evaluated by "blinded" observers at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h for nausea, vomiting, retching, pain relief, itching, and adverse effects. In addition, medications received were noted. No differences were found between the groups in terms of severity or incidence of pain, or requests for analgesic or antipruritic medication. Although there was no difference between the groups in the first 2 h, patients with TDS had significantly less nausea, vomiting, and retching than patients in the placebo group in each time interval between 2 and 10 h. Additionally, the TDS group required less antiemetic medication. There was no difference in the frequency of retching or vomiting between groups. Side effects were minimal and equal in both groups. The authors conclude that TDS results in a decreased incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients who have delivered by cesarean section and received epidural morphine. TDS appears safe for continuous antiemetic administration.
 ...
PMID:Transdermal scopolamine decreases nausea and vomiting following cesarean section in patients receiving epidural morphine. 281 61

Naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, induced gastric ulceration and bleeding in a dog. Clinical signs included vomiting, anemia, melena, and weakness. The dog responded to a blood transfusion and supportive treatment (lactated Ringer's solution with added K+ and B vitamins, an antacid, and cimetidine). Naproxen had been given to the dog by the owner, as treatment for shoulder stiffness.
 ...
PMID:Naproxen-induced toxicosis in a dog. 369 86

Two regimens of fluid and electrolyte therapy were studied in children with severe cholera and noncholera diarrhoea. In one, lactated Ringer's solution was the sole intravenous fluid, additional water, glucose, and potassium being given by mouth. In the other, three different intravenous solutions were employed to meet all fluid and electrolyte requirements. The response to therapy was satisfactory with each regimen. Because of prolonged stupor or vomiting about 15% of children treated by the first regimen were unable to ingest a sufficient quantity of glucose solution by mouth, and intravenous supplementation with a hypotonic glucose-saline solution was necessary. It is concluded that lactated Ringer's solution is suitable as the sole intravenous solution for children with acute cholera and noncholera diarrhoea provided oral supplementation, as described, is possible. The study also provides useful observations on the means of evaluating fluid requirements in such children and specific guidelines for such therapy.
 ...
PMID:The use of Ringer's lactate in the treatment of children with cholera and acute noncholera diarrhoea. 453 50

In a prospective cohort study, which was carried out at the department for abdominal surgery of the university of Mainz from June to December 1993, two methods of bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery were compared: oral bowel preparation with Fordtran a new polyethylene glycol solution (63 patients), and whole-gut lavage with Ringer's solution (37 patients). The serum chloride levels and the bodyweight increased significantly more in the whole-gut lavage group. These patients also showed a higher frequency of vomiting during bowel preparation. Neither the bowel cleansing effect nor the postoperative complications differed significantly between the two groups. Owing to these results, the better patient acceptance, and the easier handling and lower costs of PEG solution, we recommend this method of preoperative bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery.
 ...
PMID:[Orthograde intestinal irrigation or Fordtran solution for bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery. Prospective outcome study]. 855 1


1 2 Next >>