Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ipecac, containing emetine hydrochloride, is used by patients with anorexia nervosa to induce vomiting. Its chronic usage may result in a myopathy and a cardiomyopathy, the former marked by cytoplasmic bodies. We studied myopathological changes after daily injections of female Wistar rats with emetine hydrochloride intraperitoneally for periods of 4, 5, 9, and 10 weeks. The extensor digitorum longus muscle and the soleus muscle showed core-like lesions, streaming of the z-discs, nemaline bodies, cytoplasmic bodies, and spheroid cytoplasmic bodies. Immunomorphological studies revealed increased amounts of desmin. During a period of repair, i.e., 2, 4, and 6 weeks after termination of emetine application, these myopathological alterations faded while proliferation of the T-tubular system, i.e., honeycomb structures, was more often prevalent. Pathological features completely disappeared between 6 and 12 weeks of recovery.
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PMID:Experimental emetine myopathy: enzyme histochemical, electron microscopic, and immunomorphological studies. 848 May 14

Education of the public in prevention of accidental poisoning has been unsuccessful. The use of child-resistant containers for prescription drugs, patent medicines and household products is the most promising approach to this problem. The value of Syrup of Ipecac is stressed to induce early emesis, following ingestion of poisons. Medication errors in hospital are another serious cause of accidental poisoning and various examples are discussed. Every physician must take an interest in programs to prevent poisoning both in and out of hospital.
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PMID:Prevention of poisoning. 2046 29

Most plastic ingestion studies rely on dissection of dead birds, which are found opportunistically, and may be biased. We used Leach's Storm-petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) in Newfoundland to study the effect of dose volume, and the efficacy of emesis using syrup of ipecac as an emetic. Ipecac is a safe method of non-lethally sampling stomach contents, and recovered all ingested plastic. Almost half the storm-petrels sampled had ingested plastic, ranging from 0 to 17 pieces, and weighing 0.2-16.9 mg. Using the Ecological Quality Objective for Northern Fulmars, adjusted for storm-petrels smaller size, 43% exceeded the threshold of 0.0077 g of plastic. Many adult seabirds offload plastic to their offspring, so storm-petrel chicks likely experience a higher plastic burden than their parents. The ability to study plastic ingestion non-lethally allows researchers to move from opportunistic and haphazard sampling to hypothesis-driven studies on a wider range of taxa and age classes.
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PMID:Effectiveness of emetics to study plastic ingestion by Leach's Storm-petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). 2350 34

Black henbane (BH) or Hyoscyamus niger, has been used as a medicine since last centuries and has been described in all traditional medicines. It applies as a herbal medicine, but may induce intoxication accidentally or intentionally. All part of BH including leaves, seeds and roots contain some alkaloids such as Hyoscyamine, Atropine, Tropane and Scopolamine. BH has pharmacological effects like bronchodilating, antisecretory, urinary bladder relaxant, spasmolytic, hypnotic, hallucinogenic, pupil dilating, sedative and anti-diarrheal properties. Clinical manifestations of acute BH poisoning are very wide which include mydriasis, tachycardia, arrhythmia, agitation, convulsion and coma, dry mouth, thirst, slurred speech, difficulty speaking, dysphagia, warm flushed skin, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vision and photophobia, urinary retention, distension of the bladder, drowsiness, hyper reflexia, auditory, visual or tactile hallucinations, confusion, disorientation, delirium, aggressiveness, and combative behavior. The main treatment of BH intoxicated patients is supportive therapies including gastric emptying (not by Ipecac), administration of activated charcoal and benzodiazepines. Health care providers and physicians particularly emergency physicians and clinical toxicologists should know the nature, medical uses, clinical features, diagnosis and management of BH poisoning.
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PMID:Black henbane and its toxicity - a descriptive review. 2538 92


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