Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aclarubicin is a new anthracycline antibiotic that produces substantially less cardiotoxicity in animals that does doxorubicin. Based upon prior Phase I and II trials in leukemia, a Phase II study in acute myeloblastic leukemia was developed to assess the response rate and toxicity in previously treated patients. Forty patients received aclarubicin 100 mg/m2 per day X 3 with repeated course on days 14-16 if marrow hypoplasia was not produced. Complete responses were achieved in 27.5% (11/40) with durations of 1.5, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3+, 4, 5+, 32+, 33+, and 34+ months. Toxic effects of this therapy included severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, nausea/vomiting, mucositis, and diarrhea. No patient developed significant changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction, as measured by radionuclide angiography, or any clinical cardiac symptoms. Alopecia was minimal. Aclarubicin can produce a significant response rate in previously treated patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and should be considered for study in initial therapy.
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PMID:Phase II study of aclarubicin in acute myeloblastic leukemia. 347 91

Aclarubicin, discovered by Umezawa in 1975, is a new cytostatic anthracycline antibiotic. It is one of the anthracyclines with the lowest cardiotoxicity, it is not mutagenic and it stimulates differentiation of tumour cells. The therapeutic index of aclarubicin (efficacy related to toxicity) is higher than that of doxorubicin and daunorubicin, using a proper dose schedule. Single dose therapy of aclarubicin shows only marginal efficacy, whereas multiple divided dose therapy exhibits efficacy comparable to that of doxorubicin and daunorubicin. Thus for clinical trials two dose schedules were designed: 25 mg/m2/day, days 1-7 for acute leukaemia; and 30 mg/m2/day, days 1-4 for solid tumours. Aclarubicin was shown to be highly active in acute leukaemia with 58% complete remissions in first relapse of AML. Good results were also seen in acute leukaemia in combination with cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine. In clinical trials with breast cancer and thyroid cancer the efficacy was in the same range as would be expected for doxorubicin, but side-effects were markedly reduced. Anorexia, mild nausea and infrequent vomiting were observed. Myelosuppression was common but dose reduction was not necessary. There was no alopecia and no congestive heart failure.
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PMID:Aclarubicin: experimental and clinical experience. 391 80

Aclarubicin (ACM) was administered as induction treatment to 40 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were either refractory to initial induction chemotherapy or in relapse. Thirty-eight patients with AML, 2-80 years of age (mean +/- SE, 35.0 +/- 3.2), were evaluated during this study. Seventeen of these patients were given ACM after an unsuccessful attempt had been made to attain a complete remission (CR) with various regimens that included doxorubicin or daunorubicin; this group was considered resistant to these drugs. ACM was administered by rapid iv injection. Thirteen patients received a single course of ACM at a daily dose of 10-30 mg/m2 until a maximum total dose of 300 mg/m2 was reached or until unacceptable toxicity appeared. Of these patients, two (15%) attained a CR. The other 25 patients were given 10-day courses of ACM at a daily dose of 15 mg/m2 with 10-day intervals between courses; courses were repeated until the blast cells were cleared from peripheral blood and bone marrow or until progressive disease became evident. With this regimen, 11 patients (44%) attained a CR. The overall CR rate for the 38 patients was 34%. Total doses necessary to achieve a CR ranged from 150 to 600 mg/m2. A CR was attained by six patients who were previously resistant to a regimen containing moderate doses of doxorubicin. The incidence and severity of the toxic effects were related to the dose of ACM administered per course of therapy. The incidence of mucositis, diarrhea, vomiting, and infection in patients who received doses greater than 150 mg/m2/course was significantly higher than that observed in patients who received a dose of 150 mg/m2/course. In the latter patients, toxicity was within acceptable limits. Alopecia was not observed. Three patients had transient T-wave inversion, and reversible atrial flutter developed in one patient. Our results indicate that ACM is a major new drug for the treatment of AML.
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PMID:Phase I-II study of aclarubicin for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. 658 33

We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of aclarubicin for acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) refractory to daunorubicin in childhood. Twenty-four patients were treated with aclarubicin and prednisolone with or without 6-mercaptopurine and behenoyl-cytosine arabinoside daily for 5 to 14 days. Of 21 evaluable patients, 14 (67%) responded: 12 obtained complete remission and 2 partial remission. The median time to reach complete remission was 37 days (range, 16 to 60 days), and the median duration of complete remission was 5.5 months (range, 2 to 41 months). The cumulative dose of anthracycline administered before the study was not considered significant for the response. The only major complication was severe bone marrow suppression; infectious episodes occurred in 14 patients (58%) and three died of sepsis and/or bleeding. The observed non-hematologic toxicities included hematuria, an elevation of serum amylase, nausea/vomiting, and angitis. In addition, one patient showed abnormal cardiac function. Aclarubicin is therefore considered a highly active drug for remission reinduction of previously treated children suffering from ANLL with an acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:An effective salvage regimen with aclarubicin for daunorubicin-resistant acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in children. 764 Jan 78