Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the randomized multicentre double-blind study was to establish whether nonionic contrast media differ in tolerability. The controlled comparison was conducted at 4 centres on a total of 798 patients with indication for i.v. DSA and computed tomography. The nonionic contrast media Iopamidol and Iopromide with an iodine content of 300 mg/ml each were studied. The osmolality of both contrast media is virtually identical. Both groups of patients were largely homogeneous in terms of demographic data and case history. The history of allergies was positive in 32.4% of the Iopamidol group and in 32.3% of the Iopromide group. The arithmetic mean of the doses administered to each patients was 148.3 and 149.3 ml, respectively. At all 4 centres there was a higher incidence of adverse events with Iopromide than with Iopamidol. The main differences with regard to pseudo-allergic reactions was the incidence of urticarial reactions, pruritus, nausea, vomiting and coughing. 89 of the 399 patients (22.3%) receiving Iopamidol and 120 of the 399 patients (30.1%) receiving Iopromide experienced pseudo-allergic reactions. The difference between both contrast media is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). There is a 95% certainty that less pseudo-allergic reactions will occur after an Iopamidol injection than after Iopromide. Possible explanations for the differences in tolerability between the two nonionic contrast media with identical osmolality are discussed.
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PMID:[Tolerability of nonionic contrast media--results of a multicenter double blind study]. 161 Sep 29

The authors retrospectively analyzed the pattern and characteristics of non-laboratory-based adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by intravenous radiocontrast agents in a large-scale hospital in China during 2014-2015. There were 314 ADR cases among 118,208 patients receiving enhanced CT or MRI examinations. The frequency of moderate/severe ADRs defined by Chinese Society of Radiology (ie, severe vomiting, systematic urticaria, facial swelling, dyspnea, vasovagal reaction, laryngeal edema, seizure, trembling, convulsions, unconsciousness, shock, death, and other unexpected adverse reactions) was rare (0.0431%), whereas the mild ADRs were uncommon (0.2225%) and accounted for 83.76% of ADRs. Frequency of ADRs induced by iodinated contrast agents was related with examination site, sex, and type of patient settings (P<0.01) and was higher compared with gadolinium contrast agents (0.3676% vs 0.0504%, P<0.01). From 2014 to 2015, frequencies of total and moderate/severe ADRs induced by iodinated contrast agents decreased significantly (0.4410% vs 0.2947%, P<0.01; 0.0960% vs 0.0282%, P<0.01, respectively). Frequency of ADRs differed among different iodinated contrast and gadolinium contrast (P<0.05) agents. Iopromide's ADR frequency in 2014 was significantly higher compared with iopamidol, ioversol, or iohexol (P<0.01). Frequency of moderate/severe ADRs induced by iodixanol was 4.1-5.4 times that of iohexol, iopromide, or iopamidol. Rash was the predominant ADR subtype (84.39%) and occurred more frequently with iodixanol compared with iohexol, iopamidol, or ioversol (P<0.01). Overall, 21.97% of ADR cases had allergy history or atopy traits, and these cases experienced ADRs earlier than the negative ones (17.19 min vs 85.34 min, P<0.01). The mean time to onset of ADRs was increased in patients receiving iodixanol compared with other iodinated contrast agents (323.77 min vs 42.36 min, P<0.01). Overall, 37.26% of ADRs occurred within 5 min and 84.08% of ADRs occurred within 30 min. Efficient quality improvement in decreasing ADRs induced by radiocontrast agents has been achieved by multidisciplinary collaboration.
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PMID:Retrospective analysis of non-laboratory-based adverse drug reactions induced by intravenous radiocontrast agents in a Joint Commission International-accredited academic medical center hospital in China. 2849 Aug 83