Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-two patients with refractory ovarian carcinoma or other malignancies principally confined to the peritoneal cavity were treated with an intraperitoneal combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of cisplatin (100 mg/m2 or 200 mg/m2) and cytosine arabinoside (4 X 10(-3) mol/L or 10(-2) mol/L). Sodium thiosulfate was simultaneously administered intravenously (IV) to protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Sixteen of 52 evaluable patients demonstrated evidence of a clinical response including 14 (36%) of 39 with refractory ovarian carcinoma. Systemic toxicity was not severe except for cisplatin-induced emesis and a single episode of major renal insufficiency. Dose-limiting toxicity was bone marrow suppression with cytosine arabinoside administered at 10(-2) mol/L. We conclude that combination intraperitoneal therapy with high-dose cisplatin and cytosine arbinoside can be safely administered with objective tumor responses observed in patients with ovarian carcinoma refractory to front-line chemotherapy and in occassional individuals with other malignancies principally confined to the peritoneal cavity.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin and cytosine arabinoside for refractory ovarian carcinoma and other malignancies principally involving the peritoneal cavity. 389 86

Eight patients with histologically-documented malignant pleural effusions received a total of ten courses of intrapleurally administered chemotherapy with cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and cytarabine (10(-2) M). Sodium thiosulfate was simultaneously administered intravenously to protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. There was no local toxicity observed and the only significant systemic toxicity (bone marrow depression) developed in a patient with poor marrow reserve prior to the initiation of therapy. Six of seven evaluable patients exhibited major reductions (greater than 75%) in the size of their effusions lasting for 2 to 10 plus months (median: 4 months). We conclude that the intrapleural administration of this chemotherapy regimen results in objective and subjective improvement in patients with malignant pleural effusions with minimal local and systemic toxicity (except for cisplatin-induced emesis) and does not require chest tube drainage or prolonged hospitalization.
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PMID:Cisplatin and cytarabine administered intrapleurally as treatment of malignant pleural effusions. 404 Feb 5

The safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters of 5 g of hydroxocobalamin given intravenously, alone or in combination with 12.5 g of sodium thiosulfate, were evaluated in healthy adult men who were heavy smokers. Sodium thiosulfate caused nausea, vomiting, and localized burning, muscle cramping, or twitching at the infusion site. Hydroxocobalamin was associated with a transient reddish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and urine, and when administered alone produced mean elevations of 13.6% in systolic and 25.9% in diastolic blood pressure, with a concomitant 16.3% decrease in heart rate. No other clinically significant adverse effects were noted. Hydroxocobalamin alone decreased whole blood cyanide levels by 59% and increased urinary cyanide excretion. Pharmacokinetic parameters of hydroxocobalamin were best defined in the group who received both antidotes: t1/2 (alpha), 0.52 h; t1/2 (beta), 2.83 h; Vd (beta), 0.24 L/kg; and mean peak serum concentration 753 mcg/mL (560 mumol/L) at 0-50 minutes after completion of infusion. Hydroxocobalamin is safe when administered in a 5 gram intravenous dose, and effectively decreases the low whole blood cyanide levels found in heavy smokers.
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PMID:Hydroxocobalamin as a cyanide antidote: safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in heavily smoking normal volunteers. 849 41