Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) antagonist that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis. The mechanism of action is thought to be due to competitive inhibition of specific serotonin receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. In clinical trials with cisplatin-induced emesis, ondansetron resulted in complete control of vomiting (0-2 episodes) in 55-87% of patients during the first 24 hours of chemotherapy administration. It was significantly more effective than metoclopramide in comparative trials. Ondansetron is also being investigated for the treatment of radiation- and anesthesia-associated nausea and vomiting. Studies in animals demonstrate potential efficacy in the treatment of anxiety, drug withdrawal, and schizophrenia. The drug is generally well tolerated, with no reported extrapyramidal reactions.
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PMID:Parenteral ondansetron for the treatment of chemotherapy- and radiation-induced nausea and vomiting. 153 80

The efficacy and safety of two dose schedules of the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron (Zofran) were studied in 35 patients (group A: 19 patients, group B: 16 patients) previously refractory to standard antiemetics after non-cisplatin-based chemotherapy (greater than 5 emetic episodes). The maintenance of the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron was further studied in 28 patients (13 A, 15 B) in respectively 36 and 48 retreatment courses. Ondansetron was administered as an 8 mg loading dose (A: 4 mg i.v. + 4 mg orally; B: 8 mg i.v.), followed by oral treatment for 5 days (A: 6-hourly; B: 8 mg 8-hourly). In the first treatment cycle acute emesis was completely controlled in 53% of the patients in group A and in 50% of the patients in group B. Delayed emesis was absent in 75% and 38% of the patients in group A and B respectively. In a second treatment cycle acute antiemetic control was achieved in 54% and 53% of the patients in group A and B respectively. Over the third and fourth subsequent treatments, complete control occurred in 56% and 38% of the patients in group A, and in 46% and 56% of the patients in group B respectively. Delayed emesis did not occur over the following courses in 62%, 89% and 75% of the patients on regimen A, in 57%, 60% and 63% of the patients on regimen B. The observed adverse effects were headache (37%) and constipation (42%). No extrapyramidal reactions were seen. Ondansetron is able to re-establish an acceptable antiemetic control in previously refractory patients on non-cisplatin-based chemotherapy, without major toxicity. This efficacy is maintained over the three following retreatment courses.
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PMID:The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron re-establishes control in refractory emesis induced by non-cisplatin chemotherapy. 183 61

The antiemetic effect of ondansetron (supplied by Qilu Pharmaceutical Company) in patients receiving non-cisplatin chemotherapy (containing CTX and/or ADM) was studied in a multiple centre, randomized cross-over trial. The patients who had vomiting in the first turn of chemotherapy entered the trial. The patients received randomly ondansetron or control drugs-metoclopramide or Zofran (Glaxo) in the second turn of chemotherapy. In the third, the patients were cross-over to use the other antiemetic drug. A total of 155 patients were enrolled into the study. The results showed, the effective control rate (0-2 emetic episodes) on the first day were 87.7% of patients treated with ondansetron and 61.6% treated with metoclopramide. The mean frequency of vomiting was 0.8 times in ondansetron and 2.7 times in metoclopramide (P < 0.01). Ondansetron was superior to metoclopramide for the control of emesis. The antiemetic effects of ondansetron (Qilu) and Zofran (Glaxo) were very similar. The side-effects of ondansetron were mild.
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PMID:[The role of ondansetron (Qilu) in the prevention of non-cisplatin-induced vomiting--a randomized clinical trial]. 758

The evaluation of Zofran in prevention of chemotherapy induced vomiting was performed in 37 children treated for neoplasms during 167 courses of chemotherapy. Good efficacy was shown in 90% of the evaluated courses. Our results suggest that Zofran is effective and well-tolerated, therefore it should be a drug of choice in prevention of chemotherapy induced vomiting.
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PMID:[Evaluation of +ondansetron (Zolfiran) in prevention of vomiting in children treated with cytostatics]. 762 66

The antiemetic effect of ondansetron (Supplied by Qi Lu Pharmaceutical Company) in cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting was studied in a randomized cross-over trial in 167 patients. The daily dose of cisplatin was 30mg for 5 days, 50mg for 3 days or 50mg/m2 for 1-2 days. The patients received randomly ondansetron, metoclopramide or Zofran (Glaxo) in the first cycle of the treatment and received the other antiemetic drug in the second cycle. The effective control rate of acute emesis (0-2 emetic episodes) was 86.6% in patients treated with ondansetron and 35.4% in those treated with metoclopramide. The mean frequency of vomiting was 1.1 times in ondansetron and 5.7 times in metoclopramide (P < 0.01). The results show that ondansetron (Qi Lu) is superior to metoclopramide for the control of acute or delayed emesis. The antiemetic effects of ondansetron (Qi Lu) and Zofram (Glaxo) are similar. The side-effects of ondansetron are mild.
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PMID:[The role of ondansetron (qi lu) in the prevention of cisplatin-induced vomiting--a randomized clinical trial]. 765 30

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the antiemetic effectiveness and tolerability of Navoban (tropisetron) and Zofran (ondansetron) following high-dose (> or = 50 mg/m2) cisplatin chemotherapy. In a randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group study, 117 evaluable chemotherapy-naive patients who received Navoban were compared with 114 who received Zofran. Patient diary cards were used to assess both acute (Day 1) and delayed (Days 2-6) nausea and vomiting. Total control of acute vomiting was achieved in 54% of Navoban and 65% of Zofran patients (p = 0.052), and total control of acute nausea in 66% and 62% respectively (p = 0.655). Total control of delayed vomiting was achieved in 44% of Navoban patients and 46% of Zofran patients (p = 0.765), and of delayed nausea in 56% and 47% respectively (p = 0.207). Both reactions combined were totally prevented during the entire 6-day trial period in 22% of Navoban and 24% of Zofran patients (NS), while a further 42% of patients in both groups remained largely free from both nausea and emesis. The few adverse reactions (e.g. headache, constipation, diarrhoea) were mainly mild and typical of the 5-HT3-receptor antagonists. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in efficacy and tolerability between Navoban 5 mg once daily and the highest recommended dose of Zofran (32 mg on Day 1, followed by 8 mg three times a day).
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PMID:Is Navoban (tropisetron) as effective as Zofran (ondansetron) in cisplatin-induced emesis? The French Navoban Study Group. 774 65

Nausea and vomiting develop during surgery, radio- and/or chemotherapy of malignant diseases. Several drugs belonging to different groups of compounds have been used against them in a large scale. After listing these drugs the authors explained their results. Between January 1992 and 1993, 40 chemotherapy-native melanoma patients were treated by emetogen chemotherapy. The incidence, the time-relationship and the number of nausea and vomiting were investigated during the first chemotherapy course. In the second part of the study ondansetron was applied to 50 patients having developed nausea and vomiting in earlier chemotherapy. When using metoclopramide and corticosteroid during the chemotherapy nausea and vomiting developed in 9 (22.5%) and 20 (50%) cases. Nausea 8/50 (11.25%) was observed with the application of Zofran p. o. while vomiting did not develop. Delayed emesis has not been seen during the antiemetic therapies. The laboratory parameters were within the normal range.
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PMID:[Nausea and vomiting in cytostatic therapy of melanoma patients with the use of metoclopramide and corticosteroid or ondansetron]. 797 Jun 61

The occurring frequency of 14 most common chemotherapy and anti-nausea drug side-effects was examined. The studies were performed on 29 women with ovarian cancer treated by total number of 125 chemotherapy courses (schedule PAC and Acy) and additionally, in order to eliminate nausea caused by the chemotherapy, by anti-nausea drugs (Zofran, Solu-Medrol, Droperidol, Metoclopramide + Fenactil, Torecan). Zofran caused the fewest number of side-effects, solu-medrol inhibited nausea and vomiting significantly, however it caused many side-effects such as flush on a face, restlessness, incitement and headaches. Torecan did not prevent patients from vomiting. The greatest number of side-effects was observed after droperidol and metoclopramide + fenactil treatment.
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PMID:[Side effects of drug treatment for ovarian cancer after administration of antiemetic drugs]. 814 54

The chemotherapy-induced emesis causes major complications, especially in children. Traditional prophylaxis of emesis shows moderate effectiveness alongside with pronounced adverse reactions. Ondansetron, an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine (subtype 3) receptor is a new, very potent drug preventing vomiting and nausea induced by different factors (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anaesthesia). We present results of an evaluation of the activity of ondansetron in 35 children receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy during 129 days (102 with no cisplatin and 27 with cisplatin). On these days Zofran was administered as a single antiemetic agent. On 85 days the dosage was lower than recommended (the lowest 2 mg/m2/day). 16 out of the 35 patients received during 85 days traditional antiemetic treatment, and they constitute the control group. In chemotherapy without cisplatin complete and major responses were observed in 85.3% of the patients, in chemotherapy including cisplatin the respective response rate amounted to 71.4% while with, the traditional antiemetics the response rate was 38.8%. The dose reduction does not seem to have negatively affected the results, since they are comparable with those reported in the literature. Similar favourable effects were achieved in 8 children in which Zofran was used during the conditioning for bone marrow transplantation. This is of special significance in children conditioned with busulfan. This agent may be given only orally, and the effectiveness of the treatment depends directly on the dose of the administered drug. No adverse effects linked to ondansetron were found. The patients reaction was very positive, as ondansetron causes no sedation. Ondansetron seems, therefore, to be an effective and safe antiemetic.
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PMID:Ondansetron as an effective drug in prophylaxis of chemotherapy--induced emesis in children. 837 10

Ondansetron hydrochloride is a new serotonin receptor antagonist that is effective in preventing emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy. The antiemetic effect appears to be exerted through a peripheral vagal blocking within the gastrointestinal tract, as well as an inhibitory effect within the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). Plasma concentrations of ondansetron peak 1 hour after an oral dose, and the tablet has an absolute bioavailability of 59%. Ondansetron undergoes extensive hepatic oxidative metabolism in the liver. The half-life of ondansetron is 3.5 hours in healthy volunteers; elderly patients have a slightly reduced clearance, and pediatric patients have increased clearance. Although less than 10% of ondansetron is recovered unchanged in the urine, most metabolites are eliminated by this route. The recommended dose of ondansetron is 0.15 mg/kg for three doses on the day of chemotherapy (30 minutes before chemotherapy and 4 and 8 hours afterward). An alternative regimen includes a single-day dose of 32 mg IV in adult patients before chemotherapy. The efficacy of ondansetron therapy for delayed emesis has not been determined. Ondansetron has proven to be appropriate as a single agent or as an addition to standard antiemetic therapy (ie, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, neurotransmitter blockers) in preventing and treating acute chemotherapy-induced emesis (CIE). Initial results of clinical trials in prevention of radiotherapy-induced emesis and anesthesia-induced emesis appear positive. Ondansetron is well tolerated, with few adverse events (eg, headache, sedation).
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PMID:Ondansetron: a novel antiemetic agent. 848 93


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