Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multicentre trial was conducted to compare Lomotil and Imodium in the treatment of acute non-specific diarrhoea in general practice. A total of eighty-three patients contributed to the study and were randomly allocated to one of the two treatments. No statistically significant differences were found betwwen the drugs in their efficacy and speed of action in alleviating diarrhoea or in their palliative effect on nausea/vomiting and abdominal pain when present.
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PMID:A comparison of lomotil and imodium in acute non-specific diarrhoea. 33 Feb 91

Serial im injections of 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2a) were used to abort 515 women 10-20 weeks' pregnant in a multicenter, multinational trial. Their mean age was 25, weight 55.3 kg, parity 1.4, and gravidity 2.7. The dosage of 15-methyl-PGF2a was 200 mcg, then 300 mcg every 3 hours for up to 30 hours. 79.3% successfully aborted within 24 hours, 35% were incomplete, and 4 received additional treatment. Mean abortion times were 13.7 hours in multigravidae and 15.7 hours in primigravidae. Side effects included vomiting (2.9 episodes each), diarrhea (2.8 episodes despite routine Lomotil medication), flushing in 14.2%, and cervical laceration in 3 (.6%). It is concluded that this method would best serve to supplement another abortion method that had failed.
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PMID:Prostaglandins and abortion. I. intramuscular administration of 15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha for induction of abortion in weeks 10 to 20 of pregnancy. World Health Organization Task Force on the Use of Prostaglandins for the Regulation of Fertility. 92 Jul 59

Sixty gravidas 8 to 20 menstrual weeks' gestation were studied to evaluate (1) the efficacy of intramuscularly administered 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha tromethamine (15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha) as an abortifacient; (2) the effectiveness of prochlorperazine and Lomotil for attenuation of vomiting and diarrhea; and (3) the practicability of augmenting this prostaglandin dose schedule with intracervical laminaria tents. Group I subjects received 250 mug of 15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha intramuscularly every 2 hours for the initial 24 hours and 500 mug for the next 24-hour period. Group II received the same dose schedule of prostaglandin and prearranged doses of prochlorperazine and Lomotil. Group III received the same dose schedule of prostaglandin after intracervical laminaria tents had been inserted, and prochlorperazine and Lomotil were administered by the prearranged dose schedule. It appears that (1) the 15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha was effective in inducing abortion; (2) a significant decrease in body temperature occurred; (3) the abortifacient effectiveness of this prostaglandin dose schedule was not altered by the regimen of prochlorperazine and Lomotil; (4) only diarrhea was significantly attenuated with the regimen of prochlorperazine and Lomotil; and (5) laminaria augmentation was not useful.
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PMID:Evaluation of intramuscular 15(s)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha tromethamine salt for induction of abortion, medications to attenuate side effects, and intracervical laminaria tents. 96 92

A group of 71 women between 11-20 weeks of gestation who desired termination of pregnancy and had no contraindications for prostaglandin (PG) administration were given complete physical and gynecological examinations; hemoglobin was estimated and urinalysis was done. They were then given orally 2 tablets of Lomotil (diphenoxylate HCl 2.5 mg + atropine sulphate 0.025 mg) and 1 tablet of Stemetil (Prochlorperazine 5 mg). They were then given 15 (S) 15 methyl PGF2alpha intravenously at the dose level of 1 mcg/min. 61 subjects (85.9%) aborted within 30 hours. At regular intervals pulse rate, blood pressure, uterine pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, temperature, and respiratory rate were measured and any other side effects were recorded. The mean induction abortion interval was 15.65 hours, the mean number of episodes of vomiting and diarrhea was 0.9 and 0.6 respectively. This study compared well with the intramuscular route of administration with a higher rate of complete abortions and lower rate of side effects. The latter is explained on the basis of smaller amounts of the drug being infused at a slower rate. Disadvantages include confinement to bed, discomfort, and need of constant supervision. Compared with intraamniotic and extraamniotic case studies, the latter are invasive procedures while the intravenous method is not. Also, the intravenous route allows for adjusted drug dosage and stopping the procedure in the event of an undesirable reaction.
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PMID:Midtrimester abortion with intravenous administration of 15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. 612 31

This study evaluated the clinical efficacy, safety, and side effects of intramuscular administration of 15(S) methyl F2 alpha for midtrimester pregnancy termination. 25 healthy women, generally in the 14-6th weeks of pregnancy, were given repeated doses of 250 mcg of 15(S) followed by 300-600 mcg at 2-3 hour intervals, depending upon the uterine contractions and side effects. In addition, 15 women were given Lomotil tablets before prostaglandin administration to counteract gastrointestinal side effects. The mean required dosage of prostaglandin was 2.3 mg. The induction-abortion interval was 5-10 hours in 32%, 11-15 hours in 52%, 16-20 hours in 8%, and 21-25 hours in 8%, with a mean abortion time of 13.04 hours. 23 women (92%) has complete and spontaneous abortion. Women treated with Lomotil experienced fewer episodes of vomiting and diarrhea. Other side effects included nausea in 40% of cases, cough in 12%, and fever in 16%. These side effects were mild and well tolerated by the patients, however. It is concluded that serial intramuscular injection of prostaglandin 15(S) methyl F2 alpha is an effective method for midtrimester abortion. In view of the minimal blood loss and asepsis associated with this method, it is particularly suitable for centers where blood transfusion facilities are inadequate.
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PMID:Intramuscular administration of 15(S) methyl prostaglandins F2 alpha for midtrimester abortion. 638 10

Many commonly used medications have serious toxicity in children when ingested in small doses. The toxicologic characteristics of methyl salicylate, camphor, topical imidazolines, benzocaine, and diphenoxylate-atropine are striking examples. All of these medications except Lomotil are over-the-counter and therefore, are often perceived as minimally harmful when ingested. For all of these substances, however, doses as little as 1/4 teaspoon or 1/2 tablet can have serious or fatal consequences. Thus, referral to an emergency department is prudent for ingestions involving these products. Options for initial gastrointestinal (GI) decontamination are variable, depending on the estimated amount and time of the ingestion. Induction of emesis is contraindicated for significant camphor, topical imidazoline, and Lomotil ingestions. Activated charcoal should be administered in all cases. Finally, the emergency physician must recognize the potential seriousness of these ingestions, as well as their clinical presentations to provide expeditious evaluation and treatment.
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PMID:Small doses, big problems: a selected review of highly toxic common medications. 824 36

Gastrointestinal symptoms are often an early and prominent manifestation of Fabry disease, an X-linked inborn error of metabolism caused by the deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A. This enzyme deficiency results in the progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other glycosphingolipids in tissue lysosomes throughout the body. In classically affected patients, glycosphingolipid accumulation in the vascular endothelium eventually culminates in life-threatening renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular disease. In addition, over 50% of patients experience post-prandial abdominal pain and diarrhea that interferes with the ability to work and quality of life. Here, we describe four males aged 17-40 years with classic Fabry disease and severe gastrointestinal symptoms who participated in clinical trials of enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase beta (Fabrazyme, 1 mg/kg every 2 weeks). Before therapy, the three adult patients experienced post-prandial abdominal pain, bloating, and severe diarrhea with 7-10 bowel movements per day every day and the 17-year-old had weekly episodes of diarrhea with six bowel movements per day. Other symptoms included vomiting, food intolerance, and poor weight gain. All patients took medications for these symptoms (diphenoxylate-atropine [Lomotil], ranitidine hydrochloride [Zantac], or sulfasalazine). After 6-7 months of agalsidase beta therapy, all patients reported "no or only occasional" abdominal pain or diarrhea, had discontinued their gastrointestinal medications, and had gained 3-8 kg. These marked improvements in gastrointestinal symptoms have persisted for over 3 years of treatment. In such patients, enzyme replacement at 1 mg/kg effects an early and significant clinical improvement in the gastrointestinal manifestations of Fabry disease.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of Fabry disease: clinical response to enzyme replacement therapy. 1593 45