Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experiments were performed on 5 resting conscious dogs supplied with an electromagnetic flow probe on the ascending aorta and a chronic aortic catheter for pressure recording. The animals were used repeatedly in four different types of experiment involving i.v. administration of 1. saline (controls), 2. prenalterol 45 nmol/kg (approximately 10 micrograms/kg) followed by an additional dose of 135 nmol/kg 20 min later, 3. ouabain 50 nmol/kg (approximately 30 micrograms/kg) and 4. a combination of protocols 2. and 3. Ouabain and the low dose of prenalterol exerted clear-cut positive inotropic effects as reflected in increased stroke volume and max dF/dt without significant changes in heart rate or arterial pressure. The PQ interval increased with ouabain but decreased with prenalterol. The higher dose of prenalterol caused a further rise in max dF/dt, a further shortening of the PQ time, increased heart rate and reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Higher doses of ouabain could not be given due to side-effects (vomiting). The combined treatment with ouabain and prenalterol showed their inotropic responses to be additive. Arrhythmias did not occur in any of the animals at the applied dose levels of the drugs. The experiments show that prenalterol through its beta 1-adrenoceptor stimulating action exerts a positive inotropic effect which surpasses that of emetic doses of ouabain. The inotropic response at moderate doses occurs without a change in heart rate. This fact and the apparent lack of influence of prenalterol on vascular alpha- and beta 2-adrenoceptors make the substance potentially useful clinically as an inotropic agent in cardiac failure, particularly in view of its relatively long duration of action.
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PMID:The haemodynamic effects of intravenous prenalterol and ouabain in conscious dogs. 612 99

The ability of three cardiac glycosides, ouabain, digitonin and digitoxin, to induce emesis and their mechanism(s) of action were investigated in Suncus murinus. The intraperitoneal injection of ouabain but not digitonin nor digitoxin caused vomiting in a dose-dependent manner. However, the administration of ouabain into the cerebroventricle did not cause emesis. Ouabain-induced emesis was partly prevented by surgical abdominal vagotomy. Pretreatment with tropisetron, a selective 5-HT3 (5-hydroxytriptamine) receptor antagonist, did not affect the emetic response evoked by ouabain. These results suggest that ouabain exerts emetic effects via peripheral mechanism(s), but 5-HT3 receptors are not involved in the pathway.
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PMID:Involvement of a peripheral mechanism in the emesis induced by cardiac glycosides in Suncus murinus. 917 26

The antiemetic effect of granisetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on ouabain-induced emesis was studied using ferrets. In order to clarify the relationship between ouabain-induced emesis and serotonin (5-HT), we examined its effects on 5-HT release from the isolated ileum. Afferent vagal nerve activity was also determined. An intravenous bolus injection of ouabain (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) produced emesis in a dose-dependent manner. Ouabain-induced emesis was inhibited by pretreatment with granisetron. In the isolated ileum, ouabain induced a concentration-dependent increase of 5-HT. This release of 5-HT was suppressed by granisetron. Increases in vagal nerve discharges were observed immediately after the intravenous administration of ouabain (0.1-1.0 mg/kg). These increases were suppressed by granisetron. Taken together, ouabain activates 5-HT release from the mucosa in the gastrointestinal tract. Released 5-HT may activate the vagal afferent nerves, resulting in vomiting. Granisetron inhibited the ouabain-induced elevation of 5-HT and vagal nerve activity. Ouabain may induce emesis as well as negative chronotropic effects by activating the vagus. Our results suggest that ouabain-induced emesis is in part mediated by the 5-HT3 receptors of the peripheral gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Effects of granisetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on ouabain-induced emesis in ferrets. 1034 10