Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed reactions previously reported in patients treated with isoniazid, who ate certain fish and cheeses. We observed similar reactions in two patients after they ingested cheese and wine. Isoniazid is an inhibitor of both monoamine and diamine oxidases, which contribute to the metabolism of histamine that may be present in some fish and cheeses. Monoamine oxidase also acts in the metabolism of tyramine, present in some cheeses and wines. Reactions reported after eating fish or cheese, in patients treated with isoniazid, are similar in that both are characterized by headache, palpitations, skin flushing, nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. Reactions after fish have not been associated with increased blood pressure, whereas those following cheese ingestion frequently result in modest increases in blood pressure. Patients treated with isoniazid should be alerted to the possibility of reactions after eating certain foods.
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PMID:Interactions of isoniazid with foods. 710 82

We report the case of a 28-year-old-prostitute from Thailand with HIV infection stage B2 associated with retroperitoneal lymph node tuberculosis. 6 days after the beginning of anti-tuberculous therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamid and ethambutol) the temperature rose to 40.5 degrees C, diarrhea, vomiting, and tachycardia developed and systolic blood pressure fell to 80 mm Hg. Liver function tests revealed acute hepatic failure (ALT 800 IU/l rising to 1500; serum bilirubin 89 mumol/l rising to 238.0; alkaline phosphatase 199 IU/l; glucose 1.8 mmol/l; prothrombin time 20%). Isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamid were replaced by streptomycin and PAS. A few days after withdrawal the liver profile returned to normal. Hours after the reintroduction of rifampicin total body erythema, pruritus, vomiting and severe hypotension developed, requiring saline methylprednisolone and epinephrine administration. The next reexposure to intravenous rifampicin produced a rash and was rapidly discontinued. Liver function tests remained normal. Later mild adverse reactions to streptomycin and pyrazinamid occurred, two drugs which had been well tolerated before. Subsequently the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency was established. After initiation of steroid replacement (50 mg prednisolone) the antituberculous therapy with isoniazid, pyrazinamid and ethambutol was well tolerated. We conclude that the shock in this HIV-infected patient was either due to severe anaphylaxis to rifampicin or acute adrenal insufficiency ensuing on this drug. The reversible fulminant acute hepatic failure represents either an adverse effect of antituberculous drugs, especially hepatotoxic interactions of drug combinations, or an ischemic liver injury during hypotension caused by anaphylaxis. The case illustrates the complex nature of side effects of antituberculous drugs in HIV patients and their aggravation by adrenal insufficiency.
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PMID:[Fulminant, rapidly reversible hepatitis and life-threatening anaphylaxis following rifampicin in an HIV-positive female patient with latent adrenal cortex insufficiency]. 864 39

Since isoniazid is increasingly being used to control the spread of tuberculosis, physicians must be aware of its potentially fatal effects. The ingestion of toxic amounts of isoniazid causes recurrent seizures, profound metabolic acidosis, coma and even death. In adults, toxicity can occur with the acute ingestion of as little as 1.5 g of isoniazid. Doses larger than 30 mg per kg often produce seizures. When ingested in amounts of 80 to 150 mg per kg or more, isoniazid can be rapidly fatal. The first signs and symptoms of isoniazid toxicity usually appear 30 minutes to two hours after ingestion and include nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, dizziness, tachycardia and urinary retention, followed by stupor, coma and recurrent grand mal seizures. The seizures produced by isoniazid toxicity are often refractory to anticonvulsant therapy. Given in gram-per-gram amounts of the isoniazid ingested, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) usually eliminates seizure activity and helps to correct the patient's metabolic acidosis. Isoniazid toxicity should be suspected in any patient who presents with refractory seizures and metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:Isoniazid overdose: recognition and management. 949 Sep 97

Splenic abscess is a rare clinical condition and yet rarer is a tubercular splenic abscess. Here we report a case of tubercular splenic abscess. A forty years old male patient was admitted in Medicine unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) on 09-08-2006 with the complaints of Left upper quadrant abdominal pain and fever for 15 days and Respiratory difficulty for 2 days. Two days after admission he developed generalized abdominal pain and distension. Pain was not associated with vomiting. Patient was transferred to surgical unit for features of peritonitis. Ultrasonogram of whole abdomen revealed moderately enlarged spleen showing 8.8 x 9.7 cm semicystic mass, which may represent an abscess. There was mild free fluid collection in the lower abdomen. X-ray chest P/A view showed bilateral pleural effusion. On laparotomy huge amount of free pus was found in the peritoneal cavity and the spleen was hugely enlarged with a burst abscess cavity in it. Splenectomy and thorough peritoneal toileting was done. Postoperative recovery was uneventful except few stitch infections. Pus culture revealed no growth but histopathology of spleen confirmed Tubercular Splenic Abscess. Patient was given an antitubercular regimen with Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide for initial two month which to be followed by Rifampicin and Isoniazid for another ten months.
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PMID:Tubercular splenic abscess. 1828 36