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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship of symptoms and signs to age and the reasons for consulting a physician were analyzed in 110 cases of culture-proven childhood bacterial meningitis. H. influenzae caused 74, meningococci 28, pneumococci 6 and streptococci 2 of the cases. Apart from fever (present in 94%), the most common symptoms according to age were as follows: 1-5 months: irritability (85%), 6-11 months: impaired consciousness (79%), 12 months or more: vomiting (82%) and neck rigidity (78%). Absence of neck rigidity at diagnosis was associated with young age (less than 12 months, P less than 0.001) and, in older children, to a short duration of symptoms (P less than 0.01) but not to the degree of CSF pleocytosis. Symptoms of meningitis caused by H. influenzae differed from those of meningococcal meningitis. Meningitis should be suspected in irritable or lethargic febrile children despite absence of neck rigidity. Fever and vomiting were the most frequent reasons for consulting a physician (60% and 31%, respectively). Despite the frequency and alarming character of irritability, impaired consciousness and neck rigidity, their presence led infrequently to a consultation (6%, 22% and 3%, respectively). Parental ignorance of such symptoms or of their importance may cause treatment delay, despite readily available medical services.
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PMID:Childhood bacterial meningitis: initial symptoms and signs related to age, and reasons for consulting a physician. 331 86

The differential diagnosis of CSF eosinophilia consists primarily of infection, infestation or malignancy. This report describes an eight-year-old patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who presented with a two-year history of episodic headache and vomiting and persistent tenderness of the skin overlying the bulb of the shunt. Ventricular CSF showed persisting eosinophilia, but there was no evidence of infection or malignancy. All abnormalities resolved promptly after the shunt was replaced.
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PMID:Eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid: late reaction to a silastic shunt. 340 81

A case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is described, as well as the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of the disease. In July 1987 a 38-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital because of confusion, disorientation, and headache. His medical history was notable for a positive human immunodeficiency virus test. Culture of the cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was started on amphotericin B 16 mg/day (0.3 mg/kg/day) intravenously and flucytosine 2 g every six hours (150 mg/kg/day) orally. Despite premedication with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen, he experienced rigors that were treated with hydrocortisone and meperidine. Three weeks later he was discharged on flucytosine 2 g orally every six hours and amphotericin B 50 mg intravenously every other day. One week later the patient developed fever and chills; blood cultures were positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and his peripheral leucocyte count was 1.8 X 10(3)/cu mm. Flucytosine was discontinued, and he was treated with intravenous nafcillin while remaining on amphotericin B. In October the patient complained of nausea, vomiting, weakness, and agitation. A CSF latex agglutination titer for cryptococcal antigen was 1:32. He was treated with amphotericin B 50 mg daily until symptoms resolved and then continued on amphotericin B 50 mg twice weekly. Cryptococcosis is the most common life-threatening fungal infection among AIDS patients. In contrast to immunocompetent hosts, this population invariably develops disseminated disease, with 85% having meningeal involvement. The most effective therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS has not been established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. 341 73

A 42-year-old man was admitted to the Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital on March 22, 1985 with complaints of nausea, vomiting and headache which had continued for twelve days. On physical examinations, multiple subcutaneous nodules were noted in the chest, abdomen and extremities with dilated veins in the chest wall. Furthermore, the discoloration of the skin attributable to the venous occlusion was noted in the left foot. Neurological examinations failed to reveal any abnormalities except for moderate choked disc in bilateral ocular fundi. Spinal puncture revealed CSF pressure as high as 350 mmH2O with slight increase in cell numbers. CT demonstrated small intracerebral hematomas bilaterally in occipital lobes with evidence of "empty delta" sign in the superior sagittal sinus. On angiographical findings, the superior sagittal sinus was not demonstrated in venous phase and the blood was drained mainly through the paravertebral plexus and the pterygoid plexus without any abnormalities in arterial and capillary phases. Serological examination revealed a hypercoagulability and hyperlipidemia especially in LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein). On etiological considerations, all of these abnormalities seemed to be derived from the hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, multiple symmetrical lipomatosis was defined as a "lipoprotein storage disease" in which laboratory examinations revealed hyperlipidemia especially in LDL and in some subfraction of HDL. Although not a typical case, there must be some possibilities that the lipomatosis of this case is secondary to disorder of lipid metabolisms. In conclusion, all of various pathological conditions observed in this case were considered to be due to the disorder of lipid metabolism.
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PMID:[A case of superior sagittal thrombosis secondary to hyperlipidemia]. 344 33

Most studies using high-dose cytarabine (ara-c) for the therapy of acute leukemia have employed intermittent short infusions. In this study, we have evaluated the pharmacology and toxicity of high-dose ara-c by 72-hour continuous infusion. Plasma ara-c concentrations varied from 3.6 microM at the starting dose of 4 g/m2/72 hours to 22.6 microM at 18 g. Plasma clearance appeared to decrease progressively at doses greater than 10 g, suggesting that the route of elimination was saturable. CSF ara-c concentrations ranged from 1.2 microM at 4 g to 4.1 microM at 18 g; the ratio of CSF to plasma ara-c decreased progressively from 0.33 at 4 g to 0.18 at 18 g. The toxic effects were significant and included myelosuppression, nausea, and vomiting in all patients. No single dose-limiting toxicity was identified. Further dose escalation was precluded by combined organ system effects, which included hepatic, pulmonary, renal, and gastrointestinal toxic effects. Attempts to incorporate a 72-hour infusion of ara-c into a combination chemotherapy regimen should proceed cautiously with a starting dose of 6 g/m2/72 hours.
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PMID:Pharmacology and toxicity of high-dose cytarabine by 72-hour continuous infusion. 346 82

Leptomeningeal gliomatosis is reported in three patients in whom the tumor involved the central nervous system diffusely. Clinically, these patients presented with varying combinations of both non-localizing and focal symptoms and neurologic signs. Most notable were meningismus, vomiting, headache, altered level of consciousness and papilledema. Laboratory findings included high CSF protein, high CSF pressure and hydrocephalus but no direct evidence of neoplasia. All three patients received surgical treatment for hydrocephalus. Brains were swollen on gross examination with leptomeningeal thickening resulting from diffuse infiltration of tumor cells in the leptomeninges. In two of the patients small parenchymal gliomas in the brain were probably the source of the meningeal tumor.
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PMID:Diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis: report of three cases. 365 62

A previously healthy five years old boy, following a mild nonspecific upper respiratory infection developed, fever (39 degrees C), vomiting, clouding of consciousness and focal seizures. The CSF showed a mononuclear cell reaction with negative bacterial and viral cultures. A cranial CT scan on the 4th day of admission showed bilateral low density lesions on the basal ganglia region. After 30 days of severe involvement of muscle tone (rigidity) which kept the patient immobilized in bed and without a meaningful communication with his surroundings, improvement was noticed. A repeated CT scan 40 days after admission, was considered normal. Two months after the beginning of disease, patient's physical examination was normal. This case shows striking clinical and radiological similarities to the ones described by Aicardi and Goutieres in 1982 and most likely is explained by bilateral basal ganglia edema complicating viral encephalitis. Mumps virus, being so far, the most commonly implicated.
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PMID:[Acute neurologic dysfunction associated with a hypodensity of the basal ganglia]. 375 44

Lymphoid adenohypophysitis is an autoimmune disorder. Eighteen percent of the multipartums are reported to have autoantibodies to pituitary tissues. The symptoms in lymphoid adenohypophysitis, such as hypopituitarism and sellar tumors, exhibit spontaneous remission. The pituitary is a feasible target organ in other autoimmune diseases of the endocrine system. Of these patients, 19/287 showed a positive immune reaction with pituitary tissue antigens. Our three female patients with sellar and suprasellar mass were clinically diagnosed as having lymphoid adenohypophysitis, because of the spontaneous regression of tumors, or presence of immunologically and endocrinologically abnormal findings. The first case was a 31-year-old woman who had amenorrhea and galactorrhea syndrome for two years after delivery of her second child. CT scan revealed a supraseller enhanced mass lesion. She had concomitant signs of recurrent meningeal irritations. The number of cells in the CSF increased, though the protein concentration increased only slightly. During a one-year close observation, the suprasellar mass spontaneously regressed. The second patient was a 66-year-old woman. In 1945, she underwent hysterectomy and oophorectomy for appendicitis followed by adnexitis. She was admitted because of episodes of headache, vomiting and visual field defect in 1983. CT scan also showed a contrast enhanced mass in the suprasellar region. She had two episodes of high fever. After the treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents for 4 months, the tumor disappeared. The third case was a 20-year-old female. She had neither neurological nor endocrinological abnormality, except for attacks of vertigo, nausea and vomiting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lymphoid adenohypophysitis, with special reference to 2 cases with sellar tumors spontaneously disappearing on the CT]. 377 4

Clinical features, findings of diagnostic studies, results of therapy, and prognostic factors were analyzed in 45 patients with brain abscesses. The number of patients diagnosed yearly has increased since CT scanning became available, but despite the enhanced sensitivity, the time from either onset of symptoms or hospital admission until initiation of therapy was not decreased and there was no dramatic effect upon morbidity or mortality in this series. Infections of paranasal sinuses, ears, lungs, and odontogenic foci were predisposing factors in approximately 70% of cases. Single abscesses, present in 75% of patients, were distributed equally in both hemispheres, with more than half in the frontal and parietal lobes. Common signs and symptoms included headache, fever, chills, seizures, nausea, vomiting, altered sensorium, nuchal rigidity, and localizing neurologic signs. Blood cultures were positive in 11%. Lumbar puncture rarely provided data from which a diagnosis could be established; CSF cultures were positive in only 7% of patients, and there was a 15% temporally associated incidence of brain herniation and death. Diagnostic information was most readily obtained using imaging techniques such as CT and 99mTc scanning, and arteriography was invasive and of no added value. CT scans are however, often initially negative in patients presenting with clinical signs of meningitis presumably following rupture of an abscess into the subarachnoid space, and the average time for changes to appear on CT scan is 9 days. It is, therefore, recommended that when the clinical assessment suggests the possibility of brain abscess the patient be treated empirically with antibiotics and that lumbar puncture be performed only after thoughtful assessment of the risk-to-benefit ratio for each patient. Causative organisms were isolated from more than 80% of abscesses despite prior antibiotic treatment; more than half grew a single pathogen, most commonly streptococci. Anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria accounted for 62% of all isolates, and were the only organisms in 33% of patients. Computerized tomographic scans in 30 patients showed "ring-enhancing" lesions, nodular enhancement, or areas of low attenuation. Complete resolution of abscesses on CT scans rarely occurred during hospitalization and took as long as 5 months. Decrease in the size of abscesses on CT scan correlated well with clinical improvement and was seen within a week when abscesses were excised, but was often not obvious for 6 to 8 weeks if antibiotics were used alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Brain abscess. A study of 45 consecutive cases. 378

Successful treatment of CNS leukemic relapse has been frustrated by frequent local recurrence and eventual marrow relapse. We describe the treatment of meningeal leukemia in 39 children with intrathecal remission induction followed by the placement of an Ommaya reservoir to facilitate the administration and distribution of chemotherapeutic agents into the CSF. Six hundred or 900 rad of craniospinal radiation and maintenance intraventricular and intrathecal chemotherapy was then administered. Systemic reinduction therapy was added in the later cases. Sixteen children (41%) experienced no further events, with 17+ months to 13+ years (median, 25 months) follow-up . Eleven patients (28%) had CNS recurrence, nine (23%) bone marrow (BM) relapse, and two (5%) testicular relapse as the next adverse event. The course of patients with first isolated CNS relapse differed from that of the others. Eleven (69%) of 16 patients treated for first isolated CNS relapse are alive and 9 are event free, while only 35% of patients whose CNS relapse occurred simultaneously or after recurrent disease at other sites are alive (P = .04). Seven of 23 in the later group are event free. The difference is due to the increased incidence of BM relapse in the later group (30% v 6%; P = .04). For patients with first isolated CNS relapse, the life-table median CNS remission duration is 42 months. The projected CNS relapse-free survival and event-free survival 8 to 10 years after CNS relapse are 40% and 32%, respectively. Headache, nausea, and emesis of short duration were frequent during therapy. In three patients, the reservoir had to be removed for infection. No patient suffered neurologic deficit related to the reservoir. The therapy described can reduce the CNS relapse rate with manageable toxicity. Systemic relapse is still a major problem after multiple CNS relapse and in those in whom the CNS relapse follows or is simultaneous with relapse at other sites.
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PMID:Therapy of CNS leukemia with intraventricular chemotherapy and low-dose neuraxis radiotherapy. 386 74


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