Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Guillain-Barre syndrome is known as one of the autoimmune disease, but the etiology, pathophysiology relating immune reaction, as well as the treatment are not established. It still causes physical handicap although its rate is low. The causes, clinical symptoms and outcome of 132 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome have been analyzed. The patients' ages ranged from 4 months to 15 years. The antecedent events for 56.1% of the patients were known. These were upper respiratory tract infection, unexplained fever, vomiting, diarrhea, vaccination, measles, german measles, shigellosis, mumps, hepatitis, pertussis and surgery in order of frequency. The CSF protein level reached a maximum at 12.3 +/- 9.5 days. Steroids did not influence the outcome of this disease. More studies are necessary to conquer the disease.
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PMID:Guillain-Barre syndrome in Korean children. 274 76

Metronidazole, administered to 5 dogs for periods ranging from 3 to 14 days, was associated with acute development of CNS dysfunction. Metronidazole dosage ranged from 67.3 to 129.0 mg/kg of body weight/d. Clinical signs of toxicosis began with anorexia and intermittent vomiting and progressed rapidly to include pronounced, generalized ataxia and vertical, positional nystagmus. These signs were consistent with lesions of the vestibular nuclei and/or cerebellum. High CSF protein content was detected in 2 of 3 dogs from which CSF was collected. Two dogs were euthanatized because of severe neurologic dysfunction. Three dogs improved slowly and recovered completely over several months. These findings suggest that currently recommended dosages of metronidazole may be too high for some dogs.
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PMID:Central nervous system toxicosis associated with metronidazole treatment of dogs: five cases (1984-1987). 276 64

Forty-one infants with histologically verified primary intracranial neoplasms were studied who had been diagnosed and treated during the first year of life at the Hospital for Sick Children during the years 1975-1986. Forty-one percent of tumors were astrocytomas, 22% were primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and 20% were choroid plexus papillomas. Seventy-one percent were located in the supratentorial compartment and 29% in the infratentorial compartment. Thirty percent were in the cerebral hemisphere, 12% in the optic pathway-hypothalamic region, 5% in the thalamus, 17% in the cerebellum, 5% in the brain stem, 12% in the lateral ventricles, 12% in the III ventricle, and 7% in the IV ventricle. The most common presenting features in this series of patients were vomiting and increasing head size. The symptoms and signs before diagnosis were present for 2 months or less in 87% of cases. Forty-four percent of the tumors were totally resected while only a partial resection or biopsy was carried out in 56%. Sixty-six percent of the patients required a CSF diversionary shunt. Twenty-nine percent of patients received radiotherapy. Slightly more than half of these received radiotherapy immediately after surgery, whereas delayed radiation therapy was performed in the remainder. The surgical mortality was 7.3%. Of the entire group, 39% have died, with most dying within 6 months of surgery. Treatment, survival relative to histologic type, psychomotor development, and neurologic function of the survivors are discussed.
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PMID:Primary intracranial neoplasms in the first year of life. 279 Aug 35

A case of pseudotumor cerebri associated with iron deficiency anemia due to colon cancer is reported in a 37-year-old woman. Her initial symptoms were vomiting and severe headache. On physical examination, no lymph nodes and abdominal mass were palpable but marked anemia was noted in her skin and conjunctiva . Neurological examination revealed papilledema in her both eyes and stiff neck. There was no abnormal findings on CT scan on admission. Spinal puncture revealed CSF pressure as high as 620 mmH2O with normal cells, protein, sugar and chloride levels. Hematological examination revealed iron deficiency anemia and thrombocytosis. Angiography at third day revealed no sinus occlusion, but retention of contrast media was seen on the cortical vein of parietal lobe and right transverse sinus. Brain scintigram at sixth day revealed mild accumulation in left parietal lobe, so small venous infarction was suggested. There were two circumscribed stenotic lesions of right ascending colon in the barium enema, and right hemicolectomy was achieved. The pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. The symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri was completely disappeared soon after the surgery together with resolution of anemia. She lives with no deficits now 1 year 3 months after surgery. In conclusion much attention is necessary to a patient of pseudotumor cerebri with iron deficiency anemia for the presence of cancer, because not only this central nervous system lesion is reversible and curable but also the cancer itself may be curable by surgery.
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PMID:[A case of pseudotumor cerebri associated with colon cancer]. 280 39

Headaches, vomiting, and altered sensorium can be seen in patients with shunt malfunction as well as in those with migraines. We report five cases in which children with hydrocephalus and CSF shunts presented with a variety of recurring symptoms, including headache, vomiting, impairment of consciousness to the point of coma, and, in one patient, decerebrate posturing. Various diagnoses were entertained: shunt malfunction, slit ventricle syndrome, and low pressure (overshunting). Repeated procedures were carried out in all patients, including shunt taps, multiple shunt revisions, and a subtemporal decompression. When the diagnosis of migraine was considered, four patients improved on propranolol therapy; one failed this therapy but responded to verapamil. We conclude that in patients with hydrocephalus and repeated bouts of symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, and impairment of consciousness and in the case of documented, adequate shunt function, the diagnosis of migraine be entertained before further operative intervention is undertaken.
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PMID:Migraine headaches in hydrocephalic children: a diagnostic dilemma. 280 2

A case of primary cerebral malignant lymphoma associated with hydrocephalus is reported. The patient was a 54 year-old male who enjoyed good health until the onset of headache and vomiting 4 weeks before admission. His consciousness was alert and neurological examination revealed severe papilloedema with retinal hemorrhage. No lymph node or abdominal tumor enlargement were noted. CT scan and MR images revealed no abnormal lesion except mild ventriculomegaly. CSF study revealed mild elevation of protein and sugar and cell count was 66/3. CSF cytology revealed atypical lymphoid cell with irregular nuclear contour and large nucleolus. Immunological marker studies of the tumor cell revealed increasing of anti J-5 (CD10), anti B-4 (CD19) and OKT-IA1. The patient was treated by a whole brain irradiation and chemotherapy after V-P shunt. It is 12 months since the operation, and the patient's condition is still good.
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PMID:[A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain associated with acute hydrocephalus]. 281 71

Eight patients were treated with leukocyte interferon for a variety of neurological malignancies that had failed or recurred after conventional therapy. Three patients with malignant astrocytoma received intratumoral interferon in dosages up to 9 million units 3X/week, with total dosages of up to 160 million units. Interferon was administered intraventricularly in 4 patients with leptomeningeal metastases and one patient with multiple brain metastases. Dosages increased from 1 to 10 million units 3X/week, and total dosages of up to 113 million units were given intraventricularly. Acute side effects of fever, nausea, vomiting, and headache occurred almost exclusively with intraventricular injections, and these subsided after the initial injection. Fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, and hematologic toxicity developed a few weeks after onset of treatment, independent of the dose given. A modest tumor regression was seen on CT scans of one patient with a malignant astrocytoma, who was treated with interferon for 8 months. In all 4 patients with leptomeningeal metastases, the CSF became free of malignant cells for 6 to 10 weeks, while clinical improvement was less dramatic.
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PMID:Phase I clinical trial of intralesional or intraventricular leukocyte interferon for intracranial malignancies. 298 29

A new patient with Leigh's syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy due to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency) is presented. A Turkish boy of consanguinously married healthy parents developed progressive muscle weakness since infancy. At the age of 3 years he was unable to sit, stand or walk. Clinical examination showed general muscle weakness, hypotonia, muscle hypotrophy, bilateral ptosis, partial bilateral external ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, intention tremor and hypoactive tendon reflexes. The EEG showed diffuse slowing, the cerebral CT scan disclosed mild hydrocephalus e vacuo. Motor nerve conduction velocity was slightly decreased, the EMG revealed signs of neuropathy. In the biopsied muscle only a mild hypotrophy of type 2 fibres was found, no abnormal mitochondria could be detected. The sural nerve was slightly abnormal: loss of large myelinated axons, loss of unmyelinated nerves. CSF protein was elevated to 80 mg/dl, protein electrophoresis revealed the pattern of markedly impaired blood-CSF barrier. Serum lactate and pyruvate were permanently elevated. In the urine the excretion of alanine was raised. The clinical state deteriorated during intercurrent infections; somnolence, vomiting and Cheyne-Stoke's respiration occurred. At the age of 3 1/2 years the child died of pneumonia. In the liver tissue a decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was found. Neuropathological examination of the brain demonstrated wide-spread changes of Leigh's spongiform encephalopathy. Several enzyme deficiencies have hitherto been associated with Leigh's syndrome: This patients confirms earlier findings that a subgroup of Leigh's syndrome is caused by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency.
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PMID:[Leigh's subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy due to decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex]. 312 26

A case of traumatic low pressure headache syndrome after a fall on the buttocks is described. This rare syndrome is probably caused by unusual cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The headaches are characterized by accentuation in the erect position and relieved by recumbency, and may be associated with nausea, vomiting, dizziness, photophobia and vertigo. Carefully executed lumbar puncture in the lateral recumbent position shows absent CSF pressure and even spontaneous aspiration of air through the lumbar puncture needle. Intracranial air resulting from puncture may be demonstrated on routine roentgenogram. In computed tomography the syndrome is associated with extremely small ventricles and tight basal cisterns. Management consists in bedrest and fluid substitution.
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PMID:[Post-traumatic hypoliquorrhea syndrome]. 318 78

A 19-month-old boy was found to have an optico-hypothalamic tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus, and received a ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt followed by irradiation to the hypothalamic area. Although his visual disturbances continued, general conditions improved subsequently and he enjoyed normal life with only a visual disturbance. Four years later, however, he developed vomiting, left hemiparesis and dysuria, and died at the age of 6.5 years. Autopsy revealed a huge tumor occupying the hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia and the right temporal lobe. Histologically, the tumor was composed of pilocytic astrocytes with Rosenthal fiber in the hypothalamus, where the tumor is considered to have developed initially, and poorly differentiated cells with some astrocytic and neuronal differentiation in other areas. Dissemination of the tumor was extensive in the whole CSF spaces, and in the peritoneum through the V-P shunt. We consider this a rare case of a childhood hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma undergoing delayed malignant evolution.
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PMID:Anaplastic evolution of childhood optico-hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma: report of an autopsy case. 320 64


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