Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten-day, double-blind, randomized, parallel treatment regimens of loracarbef (200 mg capsule twice daily or 15 mg/kg/day oral suspension in two divided doses up to a maximum of 375 mg/day; n = 169) and penicillin V (250 mg capsule four times daily or 20 mg/kg/day suspension in four divided doses up to a maximum of 500 mg/day; n = 175) were compared in the treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Post-therapy clinical responses were similar for evaluable patients in both treatment groups: 97.4% of the loracarbef group (101/115 patients cured and 11/115 improved) and 96.0% of the penicillin group (101/124 patients cured and 18/124 improved). A statistically significant difference in the pathogen elimination rate was noted between treatment groups: post-therapy throat cultures were negative for GABHS in 94.8% (109/115) of loracarbef-treated patients compared with 87.1% (108/124) of penicillin-treated patients (p = 0.040). Loracarbef and penicillin V were comparable in terms of safety. Headache and nausea/vomiting were the most common events reported during therapy (nausea/vomiting were slightly less common in the loracarbef group). Three patients in each group were discontinued from the study due to drug-related adverse events; one due to rash in the loracarbef group and one due to rash and one due to vomiting in the penicillin group. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef twice daily is more effective in eradicating GABHS than penicillin V four times daily, and the two drugs are comparable in safety and clinical efficacy in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis and tonsillitis.
 ...
PMID:Loracarbef versus penicillin V in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis. 142 89

Acute otitis media with effusion is one of the most common infectious diseases of childhood. Two multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials were conducted to assess the relative safety and efficacy of loracarbef and either amoxicillin/clavulanate or amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media. Patients were evaluated clinically and bacteriologically at a pretherapy visit (within 48 hours of study drug administration), a posttherapy visit (within 72 hours after completion of therapy), and a late posttherapy visit (10 to 16 days after completion of therapy). In both studies, etiologic agents were assessed by tympanocentesis. In both studies patients had to have a pathogen susceptible to both study drugs to be continued in the study and declared evaluable. The first study, conducted at 24 United States centers, compared loracarbef 30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses and amoxicillin/clavulanate 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses each for 10 days. At the posttherapy visit 124 (87.3%) of 142 evaluable loracarbef-treated patients and 130 (91.5%) of 142 evaluable amoxicillin/clavulanate-treated patients had favorable (cure or improvement) clinical outcomes (P = 0.247). Loracarbef-treated patients were significantly less likely to experience adverse events, notably diarrhea, than amoxicillin/clavulanate-treated patients (P less than 0.001). The second study, conducted at 12 European sites, compared loracarbef 30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses and amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses each for 7 days. At the posttherapy visit 120 (81.1%) of 148 evaluable loracarbef-treated patients and 125 (87.4%) of 143 amoxicillin-treated patients had favorable clinical outcomes (P = 0.139). Loracarbef and amoxicillin displayed comparable safety, although vomiting appeared more frequently among patients receiving amoxicillin (P = 0.011).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Comparative United States and European trials of loracarbef in the treatment of acute otitis media. 151 7

The efficacy and safety of loracarbef, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, was compared with that of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion. A double-blind format was utilized to administer 10-day, randomized, parallel treatment regimens to patients who were between 6 months and 12 years of age. The most prevalent causative pathogens found in the two treatment groups were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. The percentages of favorable posttherapy clinical responses in evaluable patients were similar for both drugs: 87.3% (124/142) of the loracarbef group, compared with 91.5% (130/142) of the amoxicillin-clavulanate group, showed favorable responses within 72 hours after treatment. Ten to sixteen days after treatment, 68.1% of the loracarbef group, compared with 76.1% of the amoxicillin-clavulanate group, showed favorable responses. More patients in the amoxicillin-clavulanate group reported treatment-emergent events: 46.1% compared with 35.8% in the loracarbef group (p = 0.023). Diarrhea was the most frequently reported event, occurring in 13.3% of the loracarbef group and in 26.3% of the amoxicillin-clavulanate group (p less than 0.001). Vomiting was reported by 5.8% of the loracarbef group and 10.3% of the amoxicillin-clavulanate group (p = 0.072). Loracarbef is comparable in efficacy to amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion and has a more desirable safety profile.
 ...
PMID:Loracarbef (LY163892) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion. 159 61