Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of 50 mg cyclizine and 2.5 mg perphenazine against the emetic sequelae of 100 mg meptazinol were studied in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Three groups of 40 women received the opioid, together with an anti-emetic by i.m. injection, as premedication prior to minor gynaecological surgery. Beneficial or noxious effects were noted at standard time intervals and anaesthesia standardized as incremental methohexitone with nitrous oxide/oxygen. In the placebo group, 33 out of 40 subjects experienced either nausea or vomiting at some time after the opioid. Cyclizine, 50 mg, provided significant reduction of emetic tendency in both pre-operative and post-operative phases of the study with 22 out of 40 subjects experiencing nausea or vomiting overall. Perphenazine, 2.5 mg, showed no useful anti-emetic effect. Both anti-emetics increased the soporific effect of premedication at the 90-min interval. Subjects receiving perphenazine experienced significantly more dizziness than those of other groups.
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PMID:The influence of cyclizine and perphenazine on the emetic effect of meptazinol. 353 89

Antiemetic effects of perphenazine and prochlorperazine, both administered by continuous i.v. infusion after a loading dose, were compared in patients receiving cisplatin. Study subjects were 6 men and 13 women for whom other antiemetic therapy had failed; each patient was studied during two courses of cisplatin therapy. Patients were randomly selected to receive either perphenazine or prochlorperazine during the first course; for the second course, each received the other antiemetic. During drug administration, nausea, retching, vomiting, and side effects of the antiemetic were recorded hourly by the patient and concurrently by a pharmacist observer (both blinded). Each patient's scores on nausea, retching, and vomiting were compared by drug and by treatment sequence. Evaluable data for 17 patients showed that aggregate differences between responses to the two drugs were not significant. Fourteen patients had significantly less nausea, retching, and vomiting during the second course of treatment. Few side effects were reported. Nervousness was experienced with prochlorperazine in four patients and perphenazine in one, and drowsiness occurred with prochlorperazine in four patients and perphenazine in three. Perphenazine and prochlorperazine, when given in equal doses and administered by continuous i.v. infusion after a loading dose, were equally effective in controlling nausea and vomiting associated with cisplatin therapy.
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PMID:Antiemetic effect of perphenazine versus prochlorperazine intravenously before cisplatin therapy. 636 17

The psychological effects of abrupt withdrawal of ataractic drugs have been studied by others. Physical symptoms also occur under such circumstances and include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Forty patients were divided into four groups of 10, each group receiving one of the following drugs: chlorpromazine, thioridazine, perphenazine or chlorprothixene. This medication was then suddenly withdrawn. In each of the chlorpromazine and thioridazine groups, three patients had gastrointestinal symptoms within 48 hours, lasting one to eight days. One patient on chlorprothixene, 450 mg. daily, experienced symptoms for six days. Perphenazine withdrawal produced no such symptoms. Thioridazine has little antiemetic action but perphenazine is prescribed for vomiting; hence it seems unlikely that the reported symptoms are due to a rebound action on the vomiting centre.These findings are relevant to the situation of withdrawal of ataractics prior to administration of anesthetics and to drug studies involving cross-over from an active compound to a placebo. The increasing use of ataractics suggests that this additional diagnostic possibility should be considered in the presence of obscure gastrointestinal symptoms.
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PMID:GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED WITH WITHDRAWAL OF ATARACTIC DRUGS. 1421 64