Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of lodenosine (FddA) was halted when one of the participants died of liver failure and other participants showed signs of kidney or liver damage. The participant who died had been drinking alcohol, vomiting, and taking extra doses of the drug. The death was not attributed to taking lodenosine, however the study was halted. Lodenosine was being given in combination with Crixivan and Zerit, both of which are associated with kidney and liver damage. Several participants who were benefiting from the triple combination therapy believe it was unethical to stop the treatment.
 ...
PMID:Death halts study. 1136 39

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by Staphylococcus aureus are the most recognizable bacterial superantigenic toxins causing food poisoning in humans throughout the world. However, it remains unclear how SEs induce emesis and its emetic signal pathway. We investigated a mechanism of SEA-induced emesis using a small emetic animal model, house musk shrew. SEA-induced emesis in the animals was inhibited by a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis inhibitor and a 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist. SEA could increase 5-HT release in the small intestine. Pre-treatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) markedly inhibited SEA-induced emesis. SEA-induced emesis was also abolished by surgical vagotomy. Furthermore, cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists inhibited SEA-induced emesis, and the action was reversed by a CB1 antagonist. Both 5-HT release and CB1 receptor expression were found in the mucosal and myenteric plexus of the intestine. Moreover, a CB1 receptor agonist significantly decreased the 5-HT release in the intestine. These results demonstrate that SEA induces 5-HT release in intestine, rather than in brain, and that the 5-HT(3) receptors on vagal afferent neurons are essential for SEA-stimulated emesis. In addition, SEA-induced emesis is downregulated by the CB system through decreasing 5-HT release in intestine.
 ...
PMID:Staphylococcal enterotoxin induces emesis through increasing serotonin release in intestine and it is downregulated by cannabinoid receptor 1. 1751 65