Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred children suffering from symptomatic giardiasis were treated with either tinidazole or metronidazole in random order. Both the drugs were given as a single oral dose calculated on the basis of 50 mg/kg body weight. Parasitological and clinical cure was obtained in 40 (80%) of 50 patients given tinidazole and in 18(36%) of 50 patients given metronidazole. This difference in cure rates was significant (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, control of diarrhoea and negative stool conversion for G. lamblia were achieved earlier with tinidazole than with metronidazole, the differences being significant (p less than 0.01) from the 8th post-treatment day. Gastro-intestinal side-effects of mild degree occurred in 6 patients on tinidazole and in 2 patients on metronidazole; they comprised nausea, vomiting, and bitter taste. Neither drug caused any abnormal deviation in blood counts or in biochemical tests of liver and kidney function.
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PMID:Single-dose treatment of giardiasis in children: a comparison of tinidazole and metronidazole. 34 Jan 34

Abortion was induced in 60 patients between 8 and 18 weeks gestation using 15(S)-15 methyl PGF2alpha in one of three extra-amniotic administration schedules: 1.0 mg in viscous medium (Tylose), 1 mg in viscous medium (Hyskon) or 0.5 mg in non-viscous medium repeated at 12 hours. Eighty per cent of patients aborted within 24 hours in each group. The overall mean induction-abortion interval (+/- S.E.) was 17.6 +/- 2.0: there was no significant difference between the three groups. Twenty patients treated with 1.0 mg in viscous medium had the catheter removed immediately following the prostaglandin injection and the success rate was not significantly altered. Gastro-intestinal side effects (vomiting in 50%, diarrhoea in 32.5%) were more frequent in the patients treated with the larger dose though the difference was not statistically significant. No significant haematological or biochemical changes were detected during the 24 hours following the start of treatment in 24 patients investigated. Thirty seven of the 60 patients (61.5%) aborted completely and did not require surgical evacuation, and none lost more than 500 ml of blood, nor required transfusion. It is concluded that abortion can be induced with a single extra-amniotic injection of 1 mg of 15(S)-15 methyl PGF2alpha in viscous medium in a large percentage of patients but that the incidence of side effects is high.
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PMID:Extra-amniotic 15 (S)-15 methyl PGF2alpha to induce abortion: a study of three administration schedules. 96 56

Vomiting, hematemesis, and esophagitis resulting from gastroesophageal reflux or hiatal hernia are frequently observed in severely handicapped children. This study was conducted to determine whether the use of a new H2-antagonist, famotidine, could prevent recurrence of reflux esophagitis among such children. Seventeen severely handicapped, bedridden children admitted to a children's medical center between April 1985 and September 1986 were studied. All had vomiting or hematemesis as a main symptom, and the cause of esophagitis was suggested to be gastroesophageal reflux in 13 cases and hiatal hernia in four. Six had been previously treated with cimetidine or other drugs or a combination thereof without relief. Famotidine was administered at about 1 to 2 mg/kg/day, two times daily to patients weighing more than 10 kg and three times daily to those weighing less than 10 kg. In 13 cases, famotidine was administered intravenously for between seven and ten days and then given orally, while the rest were given the drug orally from the outset. The following results were obtained: (1) improvement was seen within seven days after start of famotidine treatment, and reduction of vomiting or hematemesis or both was reached within two weeks in 70% of cases and within three weeks in 94%; (2) famotidine was markedly effective in 29% and moderately effective in 41%; in no case was the drug ineffective; (3) no side effects were observed; five patients had transient, mild elevation of SGOT . SGPT, but this was not attributable to the drug.
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PMID:Effect of a new H2-blocker, famotidine, in reflux esophagitis among severely handicapped children. 288 29

A phase I study of a new fluorinated pyrimidine compound, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), was performed in 37 patients with various malignant cancers. Starting dose was 600 mg/m2/day (900 mg/body/day) and escalated up to 3900 mg/body/day. The dose given was divided into 3 administrations a day for 5 consecutive days. Subjective symptoms were observed in cases given a dose of over 2,100 mg/body/day. Gastro-intestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia were the major side effects. In the hematological and urinary examinations, no severe abnormal signs were observed. The maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 2.100 mg/body/day, and the dose-limiting factor was gastro-intestinal disturbance. 5-FU levels were determined in the serum and tumor tissues. 5'-DFUR was well absorbed. The 5-FU level in tumor tissue was very high at 2 to 3 hours post-dose and then rapidly decreased, being 0.05 microgram/g 12 hours after administration. The optimal dosage for a phase II study was suggested to be less than 2,100 mg/body/day.
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PMID:[Phase I study of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)]. 293 58

A retrospective study was carried out on patients with histologically proven gastric carcinoma diagnosed at the Gastro-intestinal Clinic, Tygerberg Hospital, over a 5-year period--1979-1983. Fifty per cent of patients were coloured men. The overall median age was 65 years but the coloured patients were significantly younger than the white. The main symptoms were loss of appetite and weight, abdominal pain and vomiting. The median duration of symptoms in all patients was 3 months. An abdominal mass, anaemia and obvious weight loss were the most important physical signs. A normocytic, normochromic anaemia, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, raised liver enzyme levels and hypo-albuminaemia were the most important laboratory findings. In 96% of the 149 patients gastroscopy yielded a positive diagnosis of gastric carcinoma and barium meal examination showed abnormalities in 87%. In the majority of cases the carcinoma was poorly differentiated.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma at Tygerberg Hospital, 1979-1983. A retrospective study. 300 49

The etiologic role of salmonella in acute diarrheal illness in 111 children 4 weeks-7 years of age admitted to North Iraq's Mosul Pediatric Hospital was investigated. 75% of all children with diarrhea were under 2 years of age; 29% of them were under 6 months and 45% were under 18 months. 57% of the children were male; 43% were female. Rectal swab analysis revealed a high rate of isolation of salmonella serotypes in this random sample--17 children (15%). Salmonella typhimurium and worthington predominated. 72% of the salmonella strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and 61% were responsive to tetracycline. The majority of salmonella-positive cultures were isolated from children under 1 year of age. Only 1 child who was solely breastfed was infected with salmonella, confirming the protective role of this infant feeding practice. Since 45% of the children in this study with negative stool cultures for salmonella had been treated for diarrhea and vomiting before admission, it is likely that the rate of salmonella infection in the sample is an underestimate of its true prevalence in this population.
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PMID:Salmonella responsible for infantile gastroenteritis in Mosul, Iraq. 320 46

Gastro-intestinal disorders were described during long lasting exercise. However, no systematic evaluation was done before the study of the French Medical Society of Triathlon, which realized an epidemiologic analysis during the French triathlon championship in 1989. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and the nature of different gastro-intestinal symptoms, to precise the severity and the consequences of these disorders, and to evaluate the self-medication. This study concern 25,640 competitors of the 101 meetings of the French triathlon championship 1989 (75 category A, 19 category B and 7 category C). Two thousand two hundred and seventy four competitors had gastric symptoms like nausea, epigastgric pain or vomiting (8.9%); 2,046 competitors had intestinal troubles like diarrhea or abdominal pain (8%). These results confirm the suffering of the gastro-intestinal tract during a long lasting exercise like a triathlon. These disorders are well known, so self-medication was used for gastric symptoms (0.7%) or intestinal disturbances (18.2%).
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PMID:[Digestive disorders and self medication observed during a competition in endurance athletes. Prospective epidemiological study during a championship of triathlon]. 795 46

From 1986 to 1990, a multicentric phase II study was conducted with pirarubicin, a new semi-synthetic anthracyclin[4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (THP)]. 87 patients with advanced gynaecological cancers were treated: epidermoid cervical carcinoma (n = 31), adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (n = 28) and ovarian adenocarcinoma (n = 28). THP was administered by short intravenous infusion, for 3 consecutive days, every 3 weeks. The initial dose of THP was 25 mg/m2 day (25% of patients) which was then reduced to 20 mg/m2 day. The average number of courses was 3.7 (range 1-10). The cumulative THP dose was 180 mg/m2 (range 56-594) in cervix and endometrial tumours and 121 mg/m2 (range 58-425) in ovarian tumours. Myelosuppression was the major observed toxicity with grade 3-4 leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in 62 and 19% of the patients, respectively. Severe general complications occurred in 6% of the patients with three fatalities due to infections. Gastro-intestinal side-effects were frequent and usually mild (7% of grade 3 vomiting). 48% of the patients showed alopecia, which was complete in 9 cases (10%). 3 patients experienced cardiac events. No significant antitumoral activity was observed in patients who had failed to respond to previous chemotherapy. Promising antitumoral activity was noticed in untreated cervico-uterine carcinomas with 19% partial responses and 12% complete responses (CR). THP activity was lower in endometrial carcinomas (9.5% CR). Results were found to be negligible in ovarian cancer patients, most of them being refractory to previous chemotherapy containing an anthracyclin compound. On the basis of these results, the definite role of THP in gynaecological cancers deserves to be studied in more favourable programmes (e.g. in combined protocols as first-line chemotherapy).
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PMID:Phase II study of pirarubicin (THP) in patients with cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer: study of the Clinical Screening Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). 839 33

Two siblings (one man, one woman), presenting with diarrhea, severe weight loss peripheral neuropathy, ophthalmoparesis, asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy were diagnosed as a new cases of Mitochondrial Neuro Gastro Intestinal Encephalomyopathy syndrome (MNGIE). Hirano (1994) defined four criteria for the diagnostic: peripheral neuropathy, ophthalmoparesis, gastro intestinal dysmotility, muscle biopsy with histologic features of mitochondrial myopathy (ragged-red fibers, muscle fibers with increased succinate deshydrogenase stain or ultra structurally abnormal mitochondria). In a review of the literature, we found 31 cases with MNGIE. With our two cases, we study this group of 33 patients. First symptoms begin about 13.5 years with a median of 10 years and extremes for 1 to 32 years. The first signs are gastro intestinal symptoms (recurrent nausea, vomiting or diarrhea with intestinal dysmotility) in 22 cases, an ophthalmoparesia in 4 cases, intestinal and ocular signs in 1 case, gait ataxia or peripheral neuropathy in 3 cases, hearing loss in 1 case, gait ataxia or peripheral neuropathy in 3 cases, hearing loss in 1 case. During the evolution, besides the cardinal signs, the following features have been observed with a variable frequency: hearing loss, short stature, facial palsy, dysphonia, dysarthria, sweating, orthostatic hypotension, bladder dysfunction, hepatomegalia, The laboratory features are: abnormal Nerve Condition Studies/EMG compatible with a sensory motor neuropathy, lactic acidosis, mitochondrial respiratory chain defect (essentially complex IV deficiency, complex I deficiency or multiple complex defect), MRI leukodystrophy, elevated CSF protein, heart block, ragged-red fibers or increased SDH stain. The prognosis is poor, due to a severe weight loss bordering on cachexia 13 patients died with a mean age of 28.5 years (median 24 years, extreme 3 years to 51 years). The prognosis seems to be worsened by a young age of onset. The 33 patients belong to 19 families with 7 cases of consanguinity. 25 patients had a brother, a sister or a cousin affected. The study of these families is compatible with an autosomic recessive transmission, suggesting a pathology of the nuclear genomi, probably impliying the control of the mitochondrial DNA replication. In fact, in 13 cases, a study of the mt DNA was realized: multiple deletions were founded in 6 cases, multiples mutations in one case, unique mutation in 1 case. In 5 cases ther was no evidence of abnormality. These precise etiology and pathophysiologic significance of the mt DNA deletions, and the heterogeneity of the modifications of the mt DNA remain unknown. However, the possibility of various phenotypes for a same genotype or inversely is known in mitochondriopathies.
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PMID:[MNGIE syndrome in 2 siblings]. 968 18

Small round structured viruses (SRSVs, Norwalk-like viruses, NLVs) are the most common cause of outbreaks of gastro-enteritis in hospitals and also cause outbreaks in other settings such as schools, hotels, nursing homes and cruise ships. Hospital outbreaks often lead to ward closure and major disruption in hospital activity. Outbreaks usually affect both patients and staff, sometimes with attack rates in excess of 50%. For this reason, staff shortages can be severe, particularly if several wards are involved at the same time. SRSVs may be spread by several routes: faecal-oral; vomiting/aerosols; food and water. Viruses may be introduced into the ward environment by any of these routes and then propagated by person-to-person spread. In an outbreak setting, the diagnosis can usually be made rapidly and confidently on clinical and epidemiological grounds, particularly if vomiting is a prominent symptom. By the time an SRSV outbreak has been recognized at ward level, most susceptible individuals will have been exposed to the virus and infection control efforts must prioritize the prevention of spread of infection to other clinical areas bycontainment of infected/exposed individuals (especially the prevention of patient and staff movements to other areas), hand-hygiene and effective environmental decontamination. This report of the Public Health Laboratory Service Viral Gastro-enteritis Working Group reviews the epidemiology of outbreaks of infection due to SRSVs and makes recommendations for their management in the hospital setting. The basic principles which underpin these recommendations will also be applicable to the management of some community-based institutional outbreaks.
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PMID:Management of hospital outbreaks of gastro-enteritis due to small roundstructured viruses. 1083 36


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