Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (
vomiting
)
31,883
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
On February 7, 2007, orlistat became the first weight-loss drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for over-the-counter sales. However, information on exposures among young children is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of orlistat exposures among young children reported to poison control centers. The pattern of all exposures to orlistat alone among patients < or = 5 years old reported to six poison control centers during 1999-2005 was identified with respect to various factors. There were 107 cases. The average age was 21.4 months. There were 55 males, 51 females, and 1 unknown. The dose was identified for 76 cases. The mean dose was 155 mg. Patients were managed on site in 88% of the cases, were already at a health care facility in 8%, and were referred to a health care facility in 5%. Of the 45 patients with a known medical outcome, the outcome was no effect for 91% and minor effect for 9% of the patients. Of the 92 cases reported during 2000-2005, the listed adverse clinical effects were diarrhea (n = 4) and
vomiting
(n = 1), and the listed treatments were decontamination by dilution (n = 62), food (n = 8), activated charcoal (n = 5), other emetic (n = 2), cathartic (n = 1), and ipecac (n = 1).
Orlistat
exposures among young children involving small doses encountered by poison control centers can usually be managed on site through decontamination, and have favorable outcomes with few adverse clinical effects, mainly gastrointestinal in nature.
...
PMID:Pattern of orlistat exposures in children aged 5 years or less. 1840 65
Objective:
To synthesize the evidence from systematic reviews of clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of pharmacological therapies approved by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration and the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of obesity in adults.
Data Sources:
A 3-step literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PubMed databases was conducted between March and May 2019. The key terms used were obesity, pharmacological therapy, antiobesity agent, antiobesity medication, weight loss, and systematic review.
Study Selection and Data Extraction:
Systematic reviews that evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological therapies for the management of obesity in patients with a body mass index of or greater than 25 kg/m
2
.
Data Synthesis:
Nine systematic reviews involving three pharmacotherapies, liraglutide, orlistat, and naltrexone-bupropion were identified. The results indicate that the pharmacotherapies reduced weight when compared with placebo.
Orlistat
was effective in significantly reducing fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. All reviews discussed the presence or risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects including diarrhea,
vomiting
, and nausea related to orlistat and liraglutide.
Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:
This umbrella review compares the efficacy and safety of antiobesity medications for reducing weight and a discussion on their weight loss and metabolic control to guide clinicians when prescribing medications for obesity.
Conclusions:
All pharmacological therapies included in this review are superior to placebo in reducing weight. Clinicians should consider patient comorbidities and risk of adverse events when recommending medications for weight loss.
...
PMID:Pharmacological Treatment for Obesity in Adults: An Umbrella Review. 3195 67
