Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Minocycline hydrochloride is a tetracycline derivative that has been advocated as the drug of choice in the treatment of meningococcal carriers. Recently, we studied a group of 30 patients who experienced a large number of side-effects after receiving minocycline for treatment of meningococcal meningitis. Twenty-seven of 30 (90%) suffered from dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, weakness, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms appeared within the first 72 hours of taking minocycline, and disappeared within 48 hours of stopping the medication.
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PMID:Distressing side-effects of minocycline hydrochloride. 93 65

The authors report the case of an eight-year-old girl hospitalised for severe headache with paroxysmal left otalgia, vomiting, aprexia, paralysis of the left 6 th cranial nerve and slight left facial weakness. Left carotid arteriography revealed a very large aneurysm of the internal carotid, involving its entire intra-petrous and intra-cavernous course. Treatment consisted of ligation of the internal carotid in the neck. Postoperative angiographic studies showed complete exclusion of the aneurysm, and it was unecessary to carry out "trapping" by ligation of the supra-cavernous carotid, as had initially been envisaged. The postoperative course was uneventful : immediate disappearance of otalgia, secondary complete recovery of the oculo-motor involvement and facial paresis. The absence of any infections or traumatic past history, together with the young age of the patient, represent arguments in favour of the congenital origin of this intra-petrous carotid aneurysm.
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PMID:[Case of giant intra-petrous and intra-cavernous internal carotid aneurysm in a child]. 103 Jul 83

Propionyl CoA carboxylase deficiency was found in a 7-month-old boy who presented with attacks of vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, weakness, and hypotonia. He failed to thrive and had generalized seizures. He had propionic acidemia and hyperglycinemia; these are the manifestations of the ketotic hyperglycinemia syndrome. However, ketonuria was not a consistent part of his clinical picture, and he had at least two episodes of acute overwhelming illness, the latter one fatal, in which ketones were never found in the urine. Large amounts of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid were found in body fluids.
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PMID:Hyperglycinemia and propionyl coA carboxylase deficiency and episodic severe illness without consistent ketosis. 113 51

In two siblings with limb-girdle muscle weakness and episodic headaches and vomiting from early childhood, progressive neurologic degeneration later developed, and both children died. In one child, corticosteroids induced improvement in both cerebral and muscular symptoms that lasted 1 year. This patient had elevated blood, urine, and spinal fluid lactate levels, together with increased cardiac output and oxygen consumption at rest. Several muscle fibers were characterized by a "ragged red" appearance with the trichrome stain. Subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar excess of mitochondrial oxidative enzyme reaction product was correlated with abnormal mitochondrial aggregates by electron microscopy. The brain revealed focal areas of cortical degeneration and necrosis with adjacent gliosis or edema. Ferrocalcific deposits were prominent in the globus pallidus. The other sibling had similar changes in the brain at autopsy. This familial multisystem disorder especially involving the brain, skeletal muscle, and heart appears to represent a defect in some mitochondrial oxidative mechanism.
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PMID:Familial poliodystrophy, mitochondrial myopathy, and lactate acidemia. 117 91

A 16-year-old boy with hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome was reported. He was the second child of first-cousin consanguineous parents. Since childhood, he was mentally retarded and had frequent episodes of vomiting but no unconsciousness attack. Because of progressive gait disturbance since the age of 15, he was admitted to Kyushu University Hospital. Neurological examination revealed mental defect and spastic paraparesis with bilateral positive pathological reflexes. Moreover, severe muscle atrophy and moderate weakness were observed in the distal portion of lower extremities. The diagnosis of HHH syndrome was made by the examination of amino acids in the serum and urine and by the incorporation study of radioactive ornithine into cultured fibroblasts. EMG and nerve biopsy studies suggested that the muscle atrophy seen in this patient was caused by the degeneration of spinal anterior horn cells. Amino acid imbalance, especially elevation of glutamine and glutamic acid in the CSF, may cause dysfunction of neuronal system including anterior horn cells.
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PMID:[A case of hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome with spastic paraparesis and severe distal muscle atrophy of lower limbs]. 129 Nov 65

Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang (Ten Significant Tonic Decoction), or SQT (Juzentaihoto, TJ-48) was formulated by Taiping Hui-Min Ju (Public Welfare Pharmacy Bureau) in Chinese Song Dynasty in AD 1200. It is prepared by extracting a mixture of ten medical herbs (Rehmannia glutinosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Liqusticum wallichii, Angelica sinesis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, Panax ginseng. Astragalus membranaceus and Cinnamomum cassia) that tone the blood and vital energy, and strengthen health and immunity. This potent and popular prescription has traditionally been used against anemia, anorexia, extreme exhaustion, fatigue, kidney and spleen insufficiency and general weakness, particularly after illness. In order to restore immunity in cancer patients, potentiate the therapeutic effect and ameliorate adverse toxicity of anticancer agents, 116 Chinese herbal formularies (Kampo) have been screened and evaluated. Fifteen compounds were found to have such actions. Among these, SQT was selected as the most effective as a potent biological response modifier. During the last eight years, animal models and clinical studies have revealed that SQT demonstrates extremely low toxicity (LD50 > 15 g/kg op murine), self-regulatory and synergistic actions of its components in immunomodulatory and immunopotentiating effects (by stimulating hemopoietic factors and interleukins production in association with NK cells, etc.), potentiates therapeutic activity in chemotherapy (mitomycin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil) and radiotherapy, inhibits the recurrence of malignancies, prolongs survival, as well as ameliorate and/or prevents adverse toxicities (GI disturbances such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hematotoxicity, immunosuppression, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and nephropathy, etc.) of many anticancer drugs. The application and mechanistic studies of SQT in future development have potential importance in basic and clinical research of the traditional Chinese therapeutic approach of "toning the blood and strengthening Qi (vital energy)" in cancer immunotherapy.
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PMID:Shi-quan-da-bu-tang (ten significant tonic decoction), SQT. A potent Chinese biological response modifier in cancer immunotherapy, potentiation and detoxification of anticancer drugs. 129 61

A chronic oral toxicity study of 6-amidino-2-naphthyl 4-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino] benzoate dimethanesulfonate (FUT-187), a new protease-inhibiting agent, was carried out using male and female beagle dogs. FUT-187 was orally administered to the dogs at dose levels of 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks, followed by 5 weeks' recovery period. Results are summarized as follows: 1. In general conditions, vomiting, salivation and the passage of mucousy stools were observed in dogs given 15 mg/kg/day or more, and diarrhea was observed at 30 mg/kg/day or more. One male given 15 mg/kg/day showed transient pallidity of the oral mucosa, and another male in the same group showed apnea and abdominal breathing. In addition, one male given 30 mg/kg/day was euthanatized due to extreme weakness, as weight loss and pallid oral mucosa, and another male in the same group died after showing acute toxic symptoms such as hyperpnea, tonic convulsion and ataxic gait. 2. Weight gain was slightly suppressed in females given 60 mg/kg/day. No significant changes in food consumption were observed. 3. Hematological examination revealed no statistically significant changes. Decreases in RBC counts, Ht values and Hb concentrations, and increased reticulocyte counts were observed in one male of 15 mg/kg/day group, which also showed pallid oral mucosa, and in one male of the 30 mg/kg/day group, which was euthanatized in a moribund state. 4. Blood biochemistry revealed increased GPT activity in males given 15 and 30 mg/kg/day and females given 60 mg/kg/day, which was accompanied by sporadic increases in GOT, A1P and/or gamma-GTP activities. Males given 30 mg/kg/day or more showed decreased total protein. 5. Hepatic function testing (ICG test) showed no statistically significant changes. One female given 60 mg/kg/day showed increased accumulating concentration of ICG. 6. There were no toxicological changes in urinalysis, fecal occult blood, renal function (PSP clearance), ophthalmological and electro-cardiographic examinations. 7. In pathological examination, inflammatory cell infiltration and microgranuloma formation in liver were noted periportally or perivenularly in both sexes given 15 mg/kg/day or more (except for 30 mg/kg/day males). In the some cases, atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and/or fibrosis around inflammatory cells and microgranuloma were observed. In the spleen, one male given 15 mg/kg/day and one female given 60 mg/kg/day showed increased plasma cells in the red pulp. In the case sacrificed in a moribund condition, findings in the liver and spleen similar to those in surviving cases were detected, but were more severe, and the liver showed diffuse fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A 52-week chronic oral toxicity study of 6-amidino-2-naphthyl 4-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino] benzoate dimethanesulfonate (FUT-187) in dogs]. 129 22

Bajiaolian (Dysosma pleianthum), one species in the Mayapple family, has been widely used as a general remedy and for the treatment of snake bite, weakness, condyloma accuminata, lymphadenopathy and tumours in China for thousands of years. However, the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine mention little about the toxicity of Bajiaolian. Within 1 year, the authors saw five people who manifested nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, abnormal liver function tests, sensory ataxia, altered consciousness and persistant peripheral tingling or numbness after drinking infusions made with Bajiaolian. The herb was recommended by either traditional Chinese medical doctors or herbal pharmacies for postpartum recovery and treatment of a neck mass, hepatoma, lumbago and dysmenorrhoea. Podophyllotoxin is one of the main ingredients of the Bajiaolian root. The clinical manifestations observed in our patients were consistent with podophyllum intoxication. Podophyllotoxin intoxication usually results from the accidental ingestion or topical application of podophyllum resin. However, these cases of Bajiaolian intoxication were iatrogenic and results from 'therapeutic doses' of Bajiaolian cited in the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine.
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PMID:Podophyllotoxin intoxication: toxic effect of Bajiaolian in herbal therapeutics. 136 Nov 36

A rare case of aconitine poisoning accompanied by bidirectional ventricular tachycardia was reported. A 67-year-old male ate several leaves of a wild plant which had been collected in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. About 90 minutes later, he felt numbness and weakness of the limbs and vomiting took place, and he was admitted to our hospital. The blood pressure was 80/60mmHg, and the electrocardiogram showed multiple premature ventricular contractions and bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. After bolus injection of lidocaine, continuous administration of the drug was started. Immediately after starting the treatment, the arrhythmia disappeared and hemodynamic changes improved. Thereafter the wild plant was ascertained to be a species of Aconitium. Diagnosis of aconitine poisoning was made. According to the fact that aconitine acts as a agonist of Na-channel receptor, antiarrhythmic agents which belong to Vaughan-Williams' classification I might be the first choice for the therapy of aconitine induced arrhythmias.
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PMID:[A case of aconitine poisoning accompanied by bidirectional ventricular tachycardia treated with lidocaine]. 143 51

Acetazolamide is a useful prophylactic for acute mountain sickness causing marked reduction in headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, etc. Improvements correlate with increased arterial oxygen concentrations, reduction in proteinuria and peripheral oedema and other objective measures of acute mountain sickness. Evidence that Acetazolamide is beneficial for pulmonary oedema or cerebral oedema is scanty because of the lower frequency of these severe forms of mountain sickness. Dexamethasone, used prophylactically, also reduces the symptoms of acute mountain sickness partly due to its euphoric effect. Use of Acetazolamide as a treatment for established acute mountain sickness has been investigated. Large doses of Acetazolamide increase arterial oxygen levels over a few hours and this leads to a reduction of symptoms but data is limited and faster acting carbonic anhydrides inhibitors such as Methazolamide may be preferable in an emergency situation. There is no comparison of the effectiveness of Acetazolamide with other drugs used for treating acute mountain sickness such as steroids and calcium channel blocking drugs. Also, there is no data on drug combinations which could have additive effects and thereby be more beneficial than individual drugs.
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PMID:Acetazolamide and high altitude diseases. 148 96


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