Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A within-series phase change design (ABABC) was used to evaluate the effect of video distraction and relaxation in the treatment of a 29-year-old male with anticipatory vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Heart rate, blood pressure, nausea ratings, and the occurrence of emesis were recorded during 18 chemotherapy treatments over a 9 month period. Video distraction initially inhibited vomiting but the treatment effects were not maintained. Subsequent relaxation training inhibited vomiting after two sessions. These effects were maintained for the remainder of the patient's chemotherapy protocol.
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PMID:Distraction and relaxation training in the treatment of anticipatory vomiting: a single subject intervention. 182 64

Fifty-four pediatric cancer patients were studied to determine the relative efficacy of two forms of behavioral intervention for reducing chemotherapy-related distress. Following baseline assessment, subjects were randomly assigned to receive either hypnosis, non-hypnotic distraction/relaxation, or attention placebo (control) during the subsequent identical chemotherapy course. Observational and interview measures of anticipatory and postchemotherapy nausea, vomiting, distress, and functional disruption served as outcome data. Results indicated that treatment condition was the single best predictor of change from baseline to intervention, with children in the hypnosis group reporting the greatest reduction of both anticipatory and postchemotherapy symptoms. The cognitive distraction/relaxation intervention appeared to have a maintenance effect in which symptoms did not get much worse or much better, while children in the control group had symptoms that consistently became worse over time. Emetic potential of the chemotherapy and the prophylactic use of antiemetics each appeared to contribute to the overall severity of symptoms. While the efficacy of hypnosis in the management of chemotherapy distress is supported, the complexities of interacting biologic and psychologic factors are highlighted.
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PMID:A randomized, controlled study of behavioral intervention for chemotherapy distress in children with cancer. 205 71

Nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy most commonly occur after administration of the drug regimen, but a substantial proportion of patients also develop these symptoms in anticipation of treatment, after one or more courses of chemotherapy have been given. Currently available pharmacologic agents are unable to provide complete protection from either anticipatory or post-treatment nausea and emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy. Since anticipatory nausea and vomiting are believed to become conditioned responses through the learning process of classical conditioning, behavioral treatments may be particularly appropriate. Progressive muscle relaxation training is effective in preventing as well as decreasing the frequency of postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting, whereas systematic desensitization has been found to be more effective against anticipatory nausea and emesis. Hypnosis and cognitive distraction have been used mainly in children and adolescents.
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PMID:Behavioral treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. 829 9

Symptom monitoring by parents/caregivers of children with cancer and what the caregiver and child did to help alleviate symptoms during chemotherapy were studied. The Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist (TRSC) child version was administered to parents/caregivers of 11 children and adolescents (mean age, 10.4 years; SD, 6.1 years; range, 2-18 years; 45% were boys). The Karnofsky scale was completed by clinicians to rate the child's functional status. The TRSC child version and functional status scores were inversely related. All children experienced nausea; the most frequent symptoms reported were in TRSC subscales: fatigue, nausea, eating, fever, oropharynx, pain, and hair loss. Care strategies that helped were distraction, massage, mouth rinses, and vitamins; some reported that their child received medications for pain, nausea, and vomiting. Using complementary medicine categories, the care strategies were diet/nutrition/lifestyle change (eg, more high-fat, high-calorie foods; new foods; any food the child likes; and much sleep and rest); mind/body control (eg, play, video games, television, reading, activity puzzle, breathing exercises, relaxation methods, and prayer); manual healing method (massage and skin-to-skin contact); and biologic treatments (vitamins). The first 2 categories were the most used. Systematic assessment with a self-report checklist enables the provider to identify and prioritize (according to reported severity) those symptoms needing intervention.
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PMID:Symptom monitoring and dependent care during cancer treatment in children: pilot study. 1678 17

Fear of vomiting (emetophobia) is a poorly understood anxiety disorder, with little research published into its conceptualization or treatment. The current article uses established cognitive and behavioral models of other anxiety disorders as a basis from which to propose a detailed model of emetophobia. The model proposes that emetophobia results from a constellation of factors including a general anxiety-vulnerability factor, a tendency to somatize anxiety as gastrointestinal distress, a tendency to catastrophically misappraise nausea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, hypervigilance to gastrointestinal cues, beliefs about the unacceptability of vomiting, negatively reinforced avoidance behavior, and selective confirmation biases. A formulation-based treatment package for emetophobia is outlined, including arousal management skills, distraction/attention training, exposure and cognitive restructuring.
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PMID:Reconceptualizing emetophobia: a cognitive-behavioral formulation and research agenda. 1689 Mar 98

We evaluated approaches taken by Northeastern Turkish adolescents to cope with menstrual pain. The questionnaire was prepared according to the facial pain rating scale and applied to 1,408 female high school students (16.05 +/- 1.05 years of age). We investigated the characteristics of dysmenorrhea in adolescents, dysmenorrhea management strategies used by adolescents, and use of medication. We evaluated the relationships among pain duration, severity, and duration of dysmenorrhea experience using the chi-squared test. Dysmenorrhea was considered to be painful menstruation during the past three cycles and was experienced by 81.7% of subjects. It mostly occurred during the past 1-3 years (65.6%). Pain was mostly initiated a day before (38.8%) or at the beginning of (45.8%) menstrual flow and lasted for 1-3 days. It was felt in multiple locations but most commonly in the lower abdomen and lumbar region. Major symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea were sweating, low appetite, headache, distraction, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, as well as varying degrees of pain severity. Approaches taken to deal with dysmenorrhea were: consulting a health professional (8.9%), medication (46.1%), nonmedicinal activities, and other empirical strategies (24.4%). Medication was recommended mostly by mothers (39.0%) and was taken when pain became unbearable (65.5%). More than one-third of the subjects did not know which drug they took. Major nonpharmacologic measures were: heating pad use (36.5%), sleeping (31.0%), walking (11.3%), and massaging (11.0%). Seeing a physician (p < .001), taking medication (p < .001), and applying empirical strategies to prevent dysmenorrhea (p < .01) were associated with prolonged dysmenorrhea. Medication was associated with shortening pain duration during one menstrual cycle. Except for empirical strategies to prevent dysmenorrhea, all other methods used to prevent dysmenorrhea were related to pain duration and severity. Adolescents should be encouraged to consult a physician and should be prescribed medication in addition to other measures to alleviate menstrual pain and shorten its duration. Moreover, school curriculum should be redesigned to address proper management strategies for adolescent problems. School nurses can also provide consultation services and arrange informative seminars to increase public awareness of this issue.
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PMID:Evaluation of menstrual pain management approaches by Northeastern Anatolian adolescents. 1926 82

Both investigators had personally experienced situations when they were let down by emergency suctioning equipment on the wards: due to either lack of, or operator inability to use, equipment. Failings in emergency suction have been highlighted in a recent National Patient Safety Agency signal. We focused on improving the usability of cardiac arrest trolley suction: a complex process involving turning a small, hidden lever. We produced three clearly visible bright labels which provided simple prompts to the operator. Two wards and two sampling periods were used in a randomised controlled design. Medical, nursing and allied healthcare staff participated. A scenario of a vomiting patient was given and staff were asked to use emergency suction. This was timed. On the control ward, 5/10 staff members were able to successfully suction on day 1 and the mean time spent trying to activate suction was 43 seconds. On the second sampling day 6 were able to successfully suction and the mean time taken was 50 seconds. On the intervention ward, 7/10 staff members were able to suction with a mean time of 53 seconds spent. Post-intervention, all 10 staff members successfully suctioned with an average time of 30 seconds. The intervention gathered strongly positive feedback. These interventions are being incorporated into sustainable systems changes. Poor equipment design is a needless distraction during an emergency in a busy ward setting. Simple, innovative solutions provide assistance in a pressured situation. Ideally these would become uniform and lead to a culture shift towards simple, intuitive design.
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PMID:Emergency suction equipment: barriers to use and effective interventions. 2673 70