Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method of recording gastric myoelectric activity with a peroral suction electrode was evaluated, and the recording was compared with that obtained by implanted electrodes on the serosal surface of the stomach of laparotomized humans. In a group of patients with unexplained nausea, epigastric bloating, and vomiting, abnormal antral myoelectric activities were found by a peroral electrode, in contrast to a regular pacesetter potential (frequency: 3-4/min) in control subjects. These abnormalities were confirmed by the recordings from the implanted electrodes in the same subjects. The study indicates that peroral recording of gastric myoelectric activity is a useful diagnostic method for the detection of gastric myoelectric activity abnormalities in humans.
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PMID:Electrogastrographic study of patients with unexplained nausea, bloating, and vomiting. 739 35

Fifty-five patients with delayed gastric emptying and the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, postprandial bloating and early satiety were treated with metoclopramide. Obstruction was excluded by upper endoscopy and standard upper gastrointestinal series. None were on medication known to retard gastric emptying. All patients had an abnormal barium burger radiologic study. Twenty-one patients had had previous vagotomy and drainage procedure, five had diabetic gastroparesis and 29 had idiopathic delayed gastric emptying. Metoclopramide significantly decreased the symptom scores of the surgical and idiopathic patients. When all patients were analyzed together, there was a significant improvement in both the metoclopramide and placebo treated patients. When, however, the improvement on metoclopramide was compared to the improvement on placebo, there was a significant metoclopramide effect beyond the placebo effect. Thus, metoclopramide is an effective agent in treating the symptom-complex of patients with delayed gastric emptying.
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PMID:Metoclopramide therapy in fifty-five patients with delayed gastric emptying. 746 58

The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia is debated. It is known that a substantial fraction of dyspeptic patients manifest a low discomfort threshold to gastric distension. This study investigated the symptomatic pattern in 27 H pylori positive and 23 H pylori negative patients with chronic functional dyspepsia, and potential relations between infection and gastric hyperalgesia. Specific symptoms (pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating/fullness, early satiety) were scored from 0 to 3 for severity and frequency (global symptom scores: 0-15). The mechanical and perceptive responses to gastric accommodation were evaluated with an electronic barostat that produced graded isobaric distensions from 0 to 20 mm Hg in 2 mm Hg steps up to 600 ml. Gastric compliance (volume/pressure relation) and perception (rating scale: 0-10) were quantified. Standard gastrointestinal manometry and recorded phasic pressure activity at eight separate sites during fasting and postprandially were also assessed. H pylori positive and H pylori negative patients manifested similar severity and frequency of specific symptoms and global symptom scores (mean (SEM)) (severity: 9.5 (2.0) v 9.0 (2.1); frequency: 10.8 (2.0) v 9.7 (2.2)). No differences were seen either in gastric compliance (53 (4) ml/mm Hg v 43 (3) ml/mm Hg) or in gastric perception of distension (slope: 0.50 (0.05) v 0.53 (0.06)). Postprandial antral motility was significantly decreased in H pylori positive patients (two hours motility index: 10.4 (0.6) v 12.6 (0.5); p < 0.05). It is concluded that H pylori infected patients with functional dyspepsia present no distinctive symptoms by comparison with H pylori negative counterparts and H pylori infection is associated with diminished postprandial antral motility but it does not increase perception of gastric distension.
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PMID:Does Helicobacter pylori infection increase gastric sensitivity in functional dyspepsia? 767 80

Gastrointestinal motor dysfunction, intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndromes, and hollow visceral neuropathy and myopathy were previously considered functional bowel diseases but are now recognized to be organic disorders. They may alter the muscle of the intestinal wall or the nerves of the myenteric plexus, or both. Their symptoms of chronic unexplained abdominal pain, abdominal distention and bloating, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and alternating diarrhea and constipation are the most common and perhaps the most difficult problems encountered by gastroenterologists. New intestinal recording devices assess motility and allow objective classification of neuromuscular disease, permitting accurate diagnosis and better treatment.
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PMID:Neuromuscular diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Specific disorders that often get a nonspecific diagnosis. 787 32

Small bowel motility disorders may result in prolonged or accelerated transit and present clinically with such symptoms as nausea, vomiting, bloating, pain or altered bowel movements. These disorders result from derangements of neuromuscular control affecting extrinsic nerves, enteric plexuses or smooth muscle, or from structural disorders that may be congenital or acquired. Diagnosis depends on exclusion of mechanical obstruction or structural disease and assessment of motor function by measurement of transit and intestinal pressure profiles, and a search for the underlying disorder causing a neuropathy or myopathy. Management of stasis syndromes is based on restoration of good nutrition, treatment of bacterial overgrowth, prokinetic agents, antiemetics and surgery for localized disease. Patients with fast transit disorders require opioid agonists and, rarely, second-line treatments such as verapamil, clonidine or octreotide.
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PMID:Small bowel motility disorders. 799 64

Cisapride induces acetylcholine release in cells of the myenteric plexus, thus promoting gastrointestinal motility. We studied the effects of cisapride on 11 patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. All had negative gastrointestinal endoscopy, normal glucose, and took no drugs capable of influencing motility. Most (9/11) were prior metoclopramide treatment failures. Patients' symptoms were scored (0-60) for pain, satiety, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and heartburn. All underwent a solid gastric emptying study using a Technetium-99-labeled egg meal and received placebo prior to cisapride. There were 10 females and one male with a mean (+/- SE) age of 37.8 +/- 2.6 years. Disease duration was 7.9 +/- 2.8 years. The dose of cisapride was 30-60 mg/day and the duration of therapy was 12.6 +/- 2.6 months (range 2.5-25 months). The symptom score improved on cisapride from 30.9 +/- 3.6 to 14.4 +/- 2.7 (P < 0.002 signed rank test). Emptying half-time improved from 113 +/- 4 min to 94 +/- 6 min, and 46.9 +/- 2.4% food remaining at 120 min decreased to 35.5 +/- 3.6% (both P < 0.05). Emptying half-time in normals was 68 +/- 5 min with 16.9 +/- 2.9% remaining at 120 min. Nine of 11 patients gained weight, with a mean increase of 6.7 +/- 1.6 lb (range 2-12 lb). We conclude that cisapride significantly reduces gastrointestinal symptoms and promotes weight gain in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis and is associated with improvement in solid gastric emptying. The drug is useful in patients who previously failed metoclopramide.
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PMID:Open label study of long-term effectiveness of cisapride in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. 802 48

It is postulated that laparoscopic cholecystectomy as "patient-friendly surgery" leads to more comfort and in particular to less pain. A prospective study on pain was performed on all patients undergoing the operation over the period of 1 year (n = 382) out of a series of more than 1,000 patients who have undergone the operation in our clinic. Pain was measured by a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS), by a five-point verbal rating scale, and by the consumption of analgesics. Pain was the most frequent symptom, both before and after the operation. The mean level of pain was 37 VAS points 5 h after the operation and declined to 16 points on the third day. In 106 patients (27.8%) the intensity of pain was higher than 50 VAS points. Analgesics were used by 282 patients (73.8%), opioids by 112 (29.3%). Pain was significantly higher in female than male patients (P < 0.05), but consumption of analgesics was similar in both groups. The most severe pain was localized to the abdominal wall wounds by 157 (41.1%) and to the right upper abdomen by 138 patients (36.1%) on the first postoperative day. Patients who needed opioids and/or had a pain level of > 50 VAS points (n = 138) had higher preoperative pain levels (P = 0.018) and preoperatively complained more frequently about nausea, vomiting, bloating, and a feeling of abdominal pressure (P = 0.003-0.031). However, predictive values of these variables were too small to be of clinical benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intensity and localization of pain and analysis of predictors in preoperative symptoms and intraoperative events. 816 91

Patients with endoscopically confirmed oesophagitis (n = 49) were treated for 8 weeks with either cisapride (10 mg four times a day) or ranitidine (150 mg twice a day) in a double-blind study in general practice. Mean overall symptom scores fell from 10.8 to 4.5 in the cisapride group and from 9.9 to 4.4 in the ranitidine group over the course of the study. The proportion of patients reporting improvements in individual symptoms in the two treatment groups (cisapride and ranitidine respectively) were: heartburn, 66% and 55%; acid regurgitation, 53% and 47%; epigastric pain, 60% and 52%; satiety, 57% and 47%; bloating, 69% and 71%; belching, 65% and 72%; nausea, 62% and 85%; vomiting, 77% and 66%; poor appetite, 50% and 75%. Improvement in the endoscopic grade of oesophagitis was observed in 66% of patients receiving cisapride and 63% of those receiving ranitidine. It was concluded that cisapride is as effective as ranitidine in relieving the symptoms of oesophagitis and in healing oesophageal erosions.
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PMID:Comparing the efficacy of cisapride and ranitidine in oesophagitis: a double-blind, parallel group study in general practice. 817 73

Moderate to severe functional bowel disease results in debilitating abdominal pain, nausea, intermittent vomiting, early satiety, bloating, abdominal distension, and/or altered bowel habits. Because it occurs approximately 20-30 times more frequently in women than in men and its symptoms often coincide with the menstrual cycle, we hypothesized that reproductive steroids may antagonize diseased nerves of the gastrointestinal tract, enhancing the expression of symptoms. No effective or consistent therapy has existed for these patients. We prospectively investigated the effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, leuprolide acetate, in 30 women with symptoms of moderate to severe functional bowel disease. The study was phase II, randomized, double blind, and placebo controlled. Lupron Depot 3.75 mg (which delivers a continuous low dose of drug for one month) or placebo were given intramuscularly monthly for three months. Symptom scores were assessed at each four-week visit. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone levels were assessed before and after therapy. Patients treated with low-dose leuprolide improved progressively and significantly in scores for nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, and early satiety, and for overall symptoms (P < 0.01-0.05). All hormone levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05) except luteinizing hormone (P = 0.054).
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PMID:Effect of leuprolide acetate in patients with moderate to severe functional bowel disease. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 778 69

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is the term applied to a heterogeneous group of functional motility disorders sharing a common clinical expression: signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction in absence of mechanical occlusion. It is caused by ineffective intestinal propulsion. The chronic form of intestinal pseudo-obstruction may be primary or secondary. Primary pseudo-obstruction or chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstruction (CIIP) defines a group of propulsive disorders having no recognized underlying diseases. This study presents four female patients, aged between 4 months to 7 years, and makes a review of the literature. The symptoms, very similar in three of them, were bilious vomiting, abdominal distention and constipation, alternating with diarrhea and malnutrition. The fourth patient, different from the others in the age of onset and evolution, only had severe constipation and abdominal bloating. The diagnostic was made by full thickness biopsies during laparotomy, getting specimens by mapping, at different heights of intestine and stomach. Samples were studied by optic and electronic microscopy and visceral myopathies were found. None of them had urinary disorders. Medical treatment consisted of total parental nutrition and/or enteral nutrition. Cisapride was not effective in the two patients who received it.
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PMID:[Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: visceral myopathy. Report of 4 cases]. 820 87


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