Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 10-year-old German Shepherd Dog with intermittent eructation, borborygmi, flatulence, abdominal bloating, and vomiting was found to have gastric volvulus. Gastric emptying of liquids (determined with a modified emptying-time technique) was normal. Circumcostal gastropexy vastly reduced clinical signs and resulted in weight gain.
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PMID:Suspected chronic gastric volvulus in a dog with normal gastric emptying of liquids. 367 59

Symptoms suggesting gastroparesis in patients without gastric outlet obstruction are very common but their relation to an objective delay of gastric emptying has been poorly investigated. A dual isotopic technique was used to evaluate patients with non-obstructive dyspepsia (idiopathic and secondary) (part 1) and to assess the effects of a new gastrokinetic agent: cisapride, on gastric emptying in such patients (part 2). Sixty patients with postprandial dyspeptic symptoms (vomiting, nausea, gastric bloating or full feeling) and without lesions at upper endoscopy were studied. They were distributed into three groups: idiopathic dyspepsia (n = 31), postvagotomy dyspepsia (n = 16) and dyspepsia secondary to medical disorders (n = 13). All patients ingested the same ordinary meal; 99mTc sulphur colloid tagged egg white was the solid phase marker and 111In chloride was the liquid phase marker. In part 1, evaluation of gastric emptying in the first 50 patients shows a delay of gastric emptying rate of solids and liquids as compared with controls. Striking differences separate the three groups of patients, however, percentages of delayed gastric emptying rate of solids and or liquids averaged 90% in postvagotomy or secondary dyspepsia groups whereas it was 44% in idiopathic dyspepsia group. Moreover, liquid emptying rate was often the only one impaired in idiopathic dyspepsia, and in 12 of the 27 patients of this group the faster emptying rate of liquids as compared with that of solids (always found in normal subjects), could not be evidenced. In part 2, 10 patients entered a double blind cross over study of cisapride (8 mg intravenously). A significant increase of solid (p<0.01) and liquid (p<0.05) emptying rates was found in patients with initial gastric emptying delay. This study emphasises the importance of an objective evaluation of gastric emptying in the presence of symptoms of gastric stasis and suggests that specific local acting therapy may be useful in patients with identified abnormal gastric emptying.
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PMID:Measurement of gastric emptying in dyspeptic patients: effect of a new gastrokinetic agent (cisapride). 388 68

The aims of our study were to: determine the effect of metoclopramide parenterally and orally on delayed gastric emptying of a radionuclide test meal in symptomatic patients with diabetic gastroparesis not explained by ulceration or other mechanical problems; and evaluate in a double-blind crossover fashion the efficacy of metoclopramide in relieving the symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis. Thirteen patients with subjective evidence of gastric stasis had delayed gastric emptying of an isotope-labeled semisolid meal which was significantly accelerated (p less than 0.05) after 10 mg of metoclopramide parenterally. Patients then received metoclopramide 10 mg and placebo before meals and prior to retiring for 3 weeks in a randomized double-blind crossover design. During metoclopramide therapy nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fullness, and bloating were significantly (p less than 0.05) ameliorated compared to placebo with an overall mean symptom reduction of 52.6%. Gastric emptying studies after completion of the trial is seven patients, subjectively improved and receiving open-labeled metoclopramide, showed significantly less gastric retention. Individual improvements in gastric emptying after parenteral or oral metoclopramide, however, could not be correlated with symptom change during the treatment trial. We conclude that metoclopramide is an important therapeutic adjunct in the management of diabetic gastroparesis and its therapeutic effects are mediated through its prokinetic properties as well as centrally mediated antiemetic actions.
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PMID:Effect of metoclopramide in diabetic gastroparesis. 388 97

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a disorder of gut motility resulting in severe abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting after eating. The avoidance of food in order to minimize symptoms causes malnutrition. To date, no medical or surgical treatment has been shown to be of lasting benefit. We treated 10 patients disabled by chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction using home parenteral nutrition. All were rendered minimally symptomatic as long as they refrained from significant oral intake. Nine of the 10 patients were malnourished prior to the institution of treatment. Home parenteral nutrition increased mean total body weight from 74.7 +/- 2.9 to 93.5 +/- 3.7% (p less than 0.001), mean lean body mass from 78.4 +/- 6.5 to a mean of 92.7 +/- 2.6 (p less than 0.02), and mean body fat from 57.1 +/- 8.8 to 83.8 +/- 8.2% of expected values (p less than 0.05). Mean total body potassium increased from 68.8 +/- 13.1 to 80.5 +/- 10.7 g (p less than 0.05). We conclude that in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, home parenteral nutrition coupled with minimal oral intake effectively relieves symptoms and significantly improves the nutritional depletion.
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PMID:Successful management of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction with home parenteral nutrition. 392 33

Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by the ingestion of large amounts of food, usually followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse. Although sometimes a symptom of obesity or anorexia nervosa, bulimia is often associated with borderline weight and nutritional status and thus may be difficult to detect. Since secrecy and shame accompany this syndrome, patients are reluctant to seek treatment. We present ten diagnostic clues for identifying bulimic patients: (1) preoccupation with weight, (2) gastrointestinal complaints, (3) dental and oropharyngeal changes, (4) salivary gland enlargement, (5) edema and bloating, (6) amenorrhea, (7) dermatologic complaints, (8) substance abuse, (9) laboratory changes, and (10) serious consequences. A case study illustrates the major features of the disorder and its treatment.
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PMID:Bulimia: diagnostic clues. 657 18

Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease usually, but not always, occurs in patients with previously established ileal and/or colonic Crohn's disease. Symptoms include postprandial epigastric pain accompanied by nausea and sometimes vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, bloating, and diarrhea. Obstruction is the most common complication. Diagnosis can usually be made radiographically or endoscopically. Certain radiographic patterns are almost diagnostic, eg, obliteration of a distinct pyloric channel and a rigidly narrowed antrum tapering into a diseased duodenal bulb. Endoscopic mucosal biopsy of abnormal areas almost always shows chronic inflammation, although granulomas are not common. In patients with symptoms other than intractable obstruction, medical management, such as intermittent corticosteroid therapy, should be attempted. Surgery is usually indicated for refractory obstruction; gastrojejunostomy is the preferred approach.
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PMID:Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease. Differential diagnosis and treatment. 664 59

Crohn's disease of the stomach and duodenum is uncommon and difficult to diagnose. This study reviews 23 patients with this condition seen at the Toronto General Hospital between 1970 and 1981. In 12 patients the major symptoms were due to coexisting lower intestinal Crohn's disease (primarily distal disease). Diarrhea and crampy abdominal pain were the primary presenting complaints. None had obstructive symptoms. Nine of the 12 were treated medically, 7 with success; 1 required surgical intervention and 1 continued to have pain but no evidence of ulceration. In the remaining 11 patients, the major symptoms were due to their gastroduodenal Crohn's disease (primarily proximal disease) even though 10 had coexisting disease of the intestine. Their symptoms included postprandial vomiting, upper intestinal bloating, hematemesis and epigastric pain. Only one patient was successfully treated medically; the others required surgical intervention. At the time of writing, 9 of the 11 patients had no symptoms. The authors conclude that response to medical therapy occurs only in patients whose gastroduodenal disease is relatively mild and whose symptoms come from distal intestinal disease. In contrast, patients whose main symptoms are from gastroduodenal involvement usually require surgical treatment. Vagotomy with gastroenterostomy is the procedure of choice.
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PMID:Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease: diagnosis and selection of treatment. 686 Oct 31

A low-lactose milk was evaluated for taste acceptance and clinical symptomatology by means of a double-blind control study in two groups of individuals. One group consisted of nine milk intolerant individuals, while the other consisted of five milk tolerant individuals. Each week for 9 wk the participants were given a coded sample of skim milk, lactose hydrolyzed milk, skim milk plus glucose, or sweet acidophilus milk. Each participant was asked to consume four liters of milk during a week and keep a daily log of symptoms (pain, bloating, nausea, flatus, emesis, bowel frequency) along with taste acceptability. After assigning a numerical value to the intensity of symptomatology a X2 analysis was performed on the data. In the milk intolerant population lactose hydrolyzed milk produced significantly milder (p < 0.05) pain and gas symptoms than the nonhydrolyzed milks. Bowel frequency was not altered between the types of milk in both groups. The lactose hydrolyzed milk did not reduce the symptoms of lactose intolerance in the milk intolerance population to the response of the control group. Although both study populations found decreased taste acceptability to the lactose hydrolyzed milk, a taste panel assessment did not show any significant differences in the milks.
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PMID:Clinical studies with low-lactose milk. 689 87

A tracer condition, to be used for clinical epidemiologic examination of psychosociogenic illness, must be common and clearly identifiable, distinguishable from concomitant physical problems, and found in general care. These criteria are met by couvade syndrome, the seeking of care for pregnancy-related symptoms by the mates of expectant women. Records of the mates of 267 postpartum women, representing a systemic sample of all births in a health maintenance organization of 36,000, were rated for the presence of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, and other symptoms. Each patient was his own control. Sixty men (225 of 1000) sought care for couvade syndrome; they had a twofold increase in visits (p less than 0.001); had four times more symptoms than during control periods (p less than 0.001); and received twice as many prescriptions for medication as the men without this syndrome (p less than 0.05). The health care providers did not tend to recognize the "expectant" status of these patients or note the presence of the syndrome.
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PMID:The couvade syndrome: an epidemiologic study. 719 85

We describe a patient with symptoms of severe nausea, vomiting, epigastric bloating and pain, and marked weight loss due to a gastrointestinal motility disturbance. Motility abnormalities were characterized by uncoordinated high pressure (as high as 300 mm Hg) contractions and uncoordinated interdigestive motor complexes in the duodenum and small intestine, and tachygastria often associated with tachyarrhythmia in the gastric myoelectric activity recordings. Uncoordinated interdigestive myoelectric complexes again were found in the duodenum and small intestine. These abnormal myoelectric activities observed in the in-vivo study were confirmed in the in-vitro study. After distal hemigastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy, the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain decreased considerably. Thus, the motility abnormality found in the study appears to be responsible for the symptoms described. This is probably a new clinical entity. The importance of manometric and myoelectric study of a gastrointestinal motility for unexplained nausea and vomiting is emphasized.
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PMID:Gastric and small intestinal myoelectric dysrhythmia associated with chronic intractable nausea and vomiting. 728 95


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