Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a 12-month period, feces from 780 persons from the Townsville region were evaluated by the Kinyoun acid-fast strain, and 36 (4.6%) immunocompetent patients were found to have Cryptosporidium oocysts. Twenty-five index cases were identified; 13 (8.6%) cases from 151 patients were from Palm Island, an isolated Aboriginal community in the wet tropics and 12 (1.9%) cases from 629 patients were from the dry tropics of Townsville. All 11 secondary cases were associated with a person-to-person outbreak in the nursery of a Townsville day-care centre. Infection occurred mainly in two distinct age groups: the under five-year-old (27 cases), and the 25 to 35-year-old (six cases). A prodrome of dry cough, rhinorrhea and vomiting often preceded symptoms of fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, persistent cough and vomiting, and acute diarrhea with frequent, non-bloodstained, watery, mucous stools. Although 13 patients were hospitalised because of their illness, the infection was self-limiting and all 36 patients recovered with symptomatic treatment. Cryptosporidium was the third most commonly identified enteric pathogen after Rotavirus and Giardia. Infection did not appear to depend on seasonal variation and no animal or environmental sources of infection were identified. Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent persons is endemic and common in North Queensland and routine investigations for this parasite in symptomatic patients are warranted.
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PMID:Human cryptosporidiosis in North Queensland. 326 49

An outbreak of influenza virus type B infection occurred in Philadelphia from December, 1985, to April, 1986. During this epidemic 24 patients were admitted to Children's Hospital from whom influenza B was isolated from routine respiratory viral cultures. All were younger than 3 years of age. Clinical findings included fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) (88%), rhinorrhea (62.6%), cough (50%), otitis (50%), rhonchi (42%), vomiting (38%), diarrhea (33%), rales (21%), pharyngitis (13%) and croup (4%). Remarkably 75% of the patients had underlying diseases which may have contributed to the severity of the infection. Nine (41%) patients had pneumonia. Two patients died of respiratory failure caused by overwhelming influenza B virus infection. Patients admitted to the hospital with respiratory and underlying diseases should have viral respiratory cultures which include influenza B.
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PMID:Children hospitalized with influenza B infection. 361 69

A community-based malaria control programme was initiated in Saradidi, Kenya. One factor determining the utilization of treatment would be the symptoms felt to be diagnostic of malaria. The 12 most common diseases and 29 most common symptoms were identified by community members. Thirty-six randomly selected women were interviewed to determine association of the common diseases and symptoms; nine women were aged 15 to 29 years, nine women were 30 to 40 years, nine were 45 to 59 years and nine were 60 years or more. Women 60 years and older recognized a higher proportion of the diseases (P less than 0.0005) when compared with the other women of other ages. More than 90% of the women associated headache, fever, vomiting, joint pain, loss of appetite, tiredness and death with malaria. Measles and influenza were distinguished from malaria by rash and mouth ulcer for measles and by 'runny nose' and 'sneezing' for influenza. Analysis by average linkage hierarchical clusters revealed that malaria, influenza and measles were distinguished readily. The results suggest that if people in Saradidi do not obtain treatment from community health workers, it is not because they do not recognize the clinical symptoms of malaria.
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PMID:Symptoms associated with common diseases in Saradidi, Kenya. 368 33

A 19-year-old boy suffered from headache and intermittent CSF rhinorrhea, was admitted to Matsuyama Shimin Hospital on June 1, 1979. Two months prior to admission he had had a frontal head injury with confusion and the right nasal bleeding. Plain skully x-ray films and biplane (axial & coronal) CT revealed intracerebral pneumocephalus in the right frontal lobe with depressed basal skull fracture into the right ethmoid sinus. Clinical conservative courses of intermittent CSF rhinorrhea, headache and vomiting were related to the changes of the air shadow on plain skull films. Preoperative metrizamide CT Cisternography was done on July 5. Sequential CT cisternograms demonstrated ventricular reflux at 1 hr and partial obstruction of the basal cistern and supratentorial subarachnoid space at 3 hr, which attributed to the mass effect of the air cysts. They also demonstrated an interesting finding, the accumulation of metrizamide into the intracerebral air cyst at 3 hr, suggesting transependymal penetration of contrast medium. At 24 hr, the air cyst decreased in size and the metrizamide disappeared. CT cisternograms 8 months after the surgery showed no evidence of air cyst but remained a low dense porencephalic cyst. Ventricular reflux was seen at 3 and 6 hr but there was no accumulation of metrizamide into the cyst at any hr. Filling patterns of the basal cistern and supratentorial subarachnoid space returned normal except the defect in the anterior interhemispheric cistern. Transependymal penetration of metrizamide in this case can be explained by the mechanism of pressure gradient between the ventricle and the air cyst. Thus the postoperative CT cisternograms showed no penetration because of the absence of pressure gradient, whereas the ventricular reflux and the same ependymal septum still remained. No mention has been made about the CSF flow dynamics in intracerebral pneumocephalus and their relation to the CSF rhinorrhea in previous literature. Intermittent CSF rhinorrhea of this case will attribute to the CSF accumulated in the air cyst as mentioned above.
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PMID:[A case report of traumatic intracerebral pneumocephalus with interesting CT cisternographic findings (author's transl)]. 711 May 20

Allergic reactions to food colors have been known since 1958. Reactions to tartrazine, our example, include generalized pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, paresthesias, vomiting, migraine, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction, coughing, asthma attacks and purpura. Many patients who are allergic to antiinflammatory drugs such as acetyl-salicylic acid and indomethacin show cross-reaction to tartrazine. Doses producing these reactions range from minimal amounts up to 750 mg. Symptoms appear after periods of time ranging from minutes to 6 to 14 hours. In view of these facts (some of which represent a threat to the patient's life), additives, colouring matter, etc, do not usually appear in product labels or specifications, or in handbooks or catalogues used in practice. We drew up a list of drugs which may contain food dyes and coloring matter, yellow No. 5. A letter was written to 233 laboratories of which 159 (68%) replied. 72 (45%) in the affirmative and 87 (55%) in the negative, 74 (32%) did not reply.
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PMID:[Pharmaceutical preparations which contain tartrazine]. 725 46

According to the hypothesis implying that the main mechanism underlying opiate addiction is the blockade by opiates of NMDA receptor functions and subsequent upregulation and supersensitivity of the receptors, noncompetitive NMDA receptor blocker dextromethorphan (DM) has been successfully used in the heroin addict treatment. As the stimulation of NMDA receptors modulates the release of neurotransmitters and hormones such as NE, D, ACh, GH, LH, LSH, ACTH etc., all of which have been found responsible for the manifestation of abstinence syndrome signs including craving and neuronal death by excessive stimulation of NMDA receptors, the incomplete blockade of the NMDA receptors minimizes the intensity of the abstinence syndrome and provides the downregulation of the receptors. In the present study, tizanidine (TIZ), which inhibits the release of endogenous excitatory aminoacids by the agonistic activity on alpha 2-adrenoreceptors, was combined with DM to obtain further benefits. Forty-four male and three female heroin addicts were the subjects of the study. Their daily mean heroin intake was about 2.28 g street heroin. The main duration of heroin use was approximately 3.4 years. Two to three hours after abrupt withdrawal, the outpatients were given 15 mg DM every hour, 25 or 50 mg chlorpromazine (CPZ) + 4 mg TIZ every six hours and 10 mg diazepam + 10 mg hyoscine N-butyl Br + 250 mg dipyrone every six hours three hours following CPZ. The addicts were controlled twice a day. Yawning, rhinorrhea, perspiration, piloerection, restlessness, insomnia, emesis, diarrhea, craving, rejection of smoking and pupils were observed and/or questioned. Two of the 47 outpatients took heroin on the first days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The combination of tizanidine markedly improves the treatment with dextromethorphan of heroin addicted outpatients. 771 85

A total of 122 infants and children up to age 17 (69 males and 53 females) who were referred for food allergy to the Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit were evaluated by complete history, emphasizing the implicated foods, clinical presentation and involvement of various organ systems, physical examination, and prick skin tests to food allergens. Fourteen infants with a history of egg white allergy and positive skin tests to egg white also underwent skin tests (prick and intradermal in 1:100 dilution) to measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine; 35 children under 3 years old had 41 oral challenges with the suspected foods; and 9 children over 3 years old had 12 oral challenges with the suspected foods. We found that cow milk/humanized milk formula, egg white, soybean, and peanut are the main allergenic foods in the pediatric population. Thirteen children had 13 positive oral challenges: 12 to cow milk/humanized milk formula and one to egg white. Symptoms reproduced by oral challenges included urticarial and erythematous rash, conjunctival itching, angioedema, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and rhinorrhea. No anaphylactic shock was reported. Negative skin test has an excellent predictive accuracy for negative oral challenge with the suspected food in children > 3 years old. The negative predictive accuracy of cow milk skin test in children < 3 years was 73%. Positive skin test is not a good predictor of a clinical reaction to food. Oral food challenge performed cautiously in a medical setting is the "gold standard" for diagnosis. MMR vaccine can be safely administered to infants with egg white allergy after skin tests with the vaccine are performed.
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PMID:Food allergy in infants and children: clinical evaluation and management. 800 79

From 1982 to 1991, we experienced 76 patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia which were confirmed by serologic tests. There were 32 (42%) male and 44 (58%) female patients. One patient had underlying disease of diabetes mellitus while the other patients were in good health. The age ranged from 9 months old to 72 years old. All the patients complained of fever and coughing; 63% had dry cough and 37% had sputum production. Upper respiratory tract complaints such as rhinorrhea, sore throat, or earache were noted in 57% of the patients. Fifty-five percent of the patients had GI symptoms of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Other complaints included myalgia/arthralgia (29%), headache (30%), and general malaise (32%). Dyspnea (17%) and chest pain (20%) were occasional complaints. Seventy-one percent of the patients had WBC counts < 10000/cu mm and 29% > 10000/cu mm. The mean value of C-reactive protein (CRP) was 53.1 micrograms/ml, while 16% of the patients had a CRP value above 100 micrograms/ml. Thirty-one percent of the patients were noted to have a transient elevation of serum transaminase. Four different patterns of infiltration were seen in chest radiographic manifestation: 1) peribronchial and perivascular interstitial infiltrates (18.4%), 2) nonhomogeneous patchy consolidations (22.4%), 3) homogeneous acinar consolidations (27.6%), and 4) mixed interstitial and alveolar infiltrates (27.6%). Interstitial infiltration was more commonly seen in pediatric than adult patients (46% vs 20%). Other features of the radiologic manifestation were as follows: unilateral lesions in 80% of patients, single lobe lesions in 77%, lower lobe predominant in 69%, pleural effusion in 7%, and radiographic deterioration in 10%. Mycoplasmal pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonias.
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PMID:Clinical study of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. 832 Jul 55

This case presentation will discuss the pathophysiology of a child in septic shock due to Neisseria meningitidis. The most prevalent nursing care concerns of this case encountered during the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and during the general floor stay will be addressed. The nursing skill required for identifying problems and planning care that clearly fall under the nursing domain also will be covered. In addition, the complexities of this case demonstrate that collaboration between the PICU nurse and the general pediatric nurse is imperative for successful patient outcome. A.W. was a 5 1/2-month-old infant transported to our PICU from a referral hospital in the state. Diagnosis at time of admission was meningococcemia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, septic shock, respiratory failure, and purpura fulminans. There was a 2- to 3-day history of a runny nose, cough, and vomiting. On the day of admission, A.W. had three seizures and developed a fever and a purpuric rash.
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PMID:Nursing care of a child with meningococcemia. 841 Jun 41

Inhalation or ingestion of very small amounts of buckwheat allergen can initiate severe symptoms including wheezing, rhinorrhea, urticaria, vomiting and anaphylactic shock in patients with hypersensitivity against buckwheat. However, few studies of the immunological properties of buckwheat allergen have been made. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the allergen in buckwheat antigen using the immunoblotting method, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and RAST inhibition assay. Buckwheat 24 kilodalton protein (BW24KD) was shown by immunoblotting analysis to be the most frequently recognized allergenic component, binding to IgE antibodies from 100% of the patients' sera. There was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) between % bindings for BW24KD and buckwheat. In the RAST inhibition assay using patients' sera which showed positive IgE antibodies to buckwheat and BW24KD, there was effective inhibition in a dose-dependent manner between inhibition in a dose-dependent manner between BW24KD and buckwheat. These data indicated that BW24KD was a major allergen in buckwheat antigens. The experiments of SDS-PAGE using digestion buffer with or without 2-mercaptoethanol suggested that BW24KD was a component of heterodimer and the paired components had different molecular weights.
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PMID:[Allergen analysis of buckwheat by the immunoblotting method]. 850 55


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