Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) new statement on the diagnosis of pregnancy was drawn up in April 1990. A pregnancy diagnosis includes clinical evaluation of the woman's history, symptoms, physical examination, and pregnancy tests. Pregnancy symptoms may include amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, enlargement and tenderness of the breasts, frequent urination, and changes in appetite and food and drink habits. If biochemical testing is not possible, a reliable clinical diagnosis of pregnancy cannot take place before 6-8 weeks. At this time, the clinician can observe cervical softening and uterine softening and enlargement if a woman is pregnant. If the uterine size does not match the length of amenorrhea, clinicians should suspect the following: earlier or later conception than indicated, ectopic pregnancy, incomplete or missed spontaneous abortion, twin gestation, hydatidiform mole, or other uterine anomaly. They should suspect ectopic pregnancy in women with smaller than expected uterine size when they have been sterilized or are using an IUD or are using low-dose progestogen-only pills or Norplant. They should refer women with smaller than expected uterine size who are experiencing bleeding and/or pain to a more sophisticated clinical facility, where an accurate diagnosis of and adequate treatment for ectopic pregnancy can be done. Biochemical pregnancy tests consist of antibodies that mark human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from a urine or serum sample. hCG levels increase beginning about 10 days after fertilization. The most convenient and inexpensive pregnancy test for clinics is the immunoassay test (slide test), which requires a urine or serum sample. It can provide reliable results a few days after the missed menstrual period. Clinicians should provide appropriate counseling regardless of whether the client wishes to continue or terminate the pregnancy.
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PMID:New IPPF statement on the diagnosis of pregnancy. 192 37

A toxico-allergo-asthenic syndrome, primarily detected as a group disease (16 cases) affecting the workers of a cattle-ranch with the record of halproviosis (chlamydiosis) of agricultural animals, is described. A rise in temperature, sickness, vomiting, headache, loss of appetite, pain in the jaws and the joints, conjunctivitis and episcleritis, frequent urination, weakness, irritability, emaciation appeared to be its most characteristic symptoms. The halprovial nature of this syndrome was revealed on the basis of differential clinico-laboratory studies, serological, epizootic and epidemiological data.
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PMID:[Clinico-serologic study of humans with diseases epidemiologically related to halprowiosis (chlamydiosis) of farm animals]. 700 94

Clinical signs and lesions of levamisole toxicosis include: nausea, vomiting, increased salivation, frequent urination and defecation, colic, dizziness, headache, muscle tremors, ataxia, anxiety, hyperesthesia with irritability, clonic convulsions, depression, rapid respiration, dyspnea, prostration, collapse, hemorrhages in the subepicardium and thalamus, enteritis, hepatic degeneration and necrosis, and splenic congestion. Most of these signs and lesions are similar to those observed in nicotine poisoning. Levamisole causes vasopressor and panting effects which are blocked by ganglionic blocking agents hexamethonium and mecamylamine but are not blocked by atropine. The vasopressor effect of levamisole is blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine and dibenamine; however, the respiratory effect of levamisole is not affected by these alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Repeated IV injections of levamisole cause a tachyphylactic response. With levamisole-induced tachyphylaxis, the effects of other ganglionic stimulants dimethylpiperazinium and nicotine are also abolished. Levamisole causes an electroencephalographic arousal which is antagonized by atropine sulfate and mecamylamine. There is also a structural similarity of levamisole to nicotine. These studies suggest that levamisole is a nicotine-like compound. Possible treatment of levamisole poisoning is discussed. Drug interactions of levamisole with organophosphates and anthelmintics, eg, pyrantel, methyridine, and diethylcarbamazine, are also discussed.
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PMID:Toxicity and drug interactions of levamisole. 721 95

The purpose of the present work was to study the effects of tolerance to ethanol on the sleep-wakefulness cycle (SWC) structure. Experiments were carried out in chronic conditions on the adult cats (n=5). The following methods were used: the stereotaxic - for implanting electrodes; polysomnographic - for EEG registration of the SWC structure. Alcoholisation (0.2-2.5 g/kg 25% ethanol solution) was conducted by intraperitoneal injections that lasted for two weeks. The obtained results were processed statistically and significance of the changes was determined by the Student t-test. Low single doses of ethanol (0.2 - 0.5 g/kg) did not induce any significant changes in the structure of the SWC. While using doses of 0.6 g/kg it was noted only increasing of the latent period of the onset of sleep. However, the structure of the SWC recovered within 1-2 hours after injection. Increasing the dose to 1 g/kg caused severe intoxication. This was reflected in a behavioral (anxiety, tremor, vocalizations) and autonomic (vomiting and frequent urination) signs. Against the background of restless behavioral wakefulness synchronization of the characteristic of light slow-wave sleep developed. The volume of deep slow-wave sleep was statistically significantly decreased and the latent period of the onset of paradoxical sleep was increased. The structure of sleep was fragmented, due to frequent awakenings. For the fifth-eighth day of alcoholization the structure of the SWC restored, behavioral and vegetative signs of intoxication disappeared, which must indicate the development of tolerance to this dose of ethanol. The obtained results signify that development of tolerance to ethanol can be reflected in the alteration of the structure of SWC. Alcoholization disturbs the subtle mechanisms of the sleep due to destruction of brain homeostasis.
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PMID:Reflection of tolerance to alcohol in the structure of the sleep wakefulness cycle. 2541 25

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious causes of death throughout the world. Extrapulmonary forms, namely adrenalitis and prostatitis, are rare presentations of TB and pose a difficult diagnostic challenge, given their non-specific manifestations. The authors present a case of a 42-year-old man with long-standing symptoms of fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, nightly fever and sudoresis. He also suffered from sporadic vomiting and episodic hypotension, and had skin hyperpigmentation, as well as frequent urination, perineal discomfort and pain at ejaculation. Laboratory investigation confirmed primary adrenal failure. On CT scan there were two hypodense right adrenal nodules and bilateral lung condensations with a tree-in-bud pattern. Another hypodense nodule was seen in the prostate. TB was diagnosed by isolatingMycobacterium tuberculosisfollowing cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial secretions, urine and ejaculate. Antibacillary treatment resolved the infectious lesions but the patient remained on corticosteroid replacement therapy for ongoing adrenal failure.
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PMID:Synchronous presentation of two rare forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. 2709 May 36

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most severe public health problem affecting both sexes but females are more susceptible due to the differences in urogenital and reproductive anatomy, physiology and lifestyle. As in UTI, different parts of the urinary tract are affected and morbidity due to UTI is more common in women of all ages and older men. Due to multi-drug resistant strains and high recurrence rate, UTI has become a major socioeconomic burden. The current review article was aimed to describe the natural therapeutic strategies to manage and cure the UTI. For this purpose, different databases including Google Scholar, Cochrane database, and PubMed etc. were explored. Inclusion criteria were any research article investigating the current therapy of UTI. It was found that microbial infections including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella species are the major causes of UTI with different signs and symptoms including painful urination or dysuria, hematuria, urinary urgency, burning micturition, frequent urination, nausea, and vomiting. Antibiotics like trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, quinolone etc. as the first choice of the drug are used worldwide. However, due to microbial resistance, several life-threatening side effects, repeated high doses, high cost and low efficacy of these antibiotics motivated the researchers to explore natural remedies for the treatment of UTI. Herbal medicines are effective to combat bacterial resistance with high efficacy, and easy availability with minimal or no side effects. For these reasons it has attained the attention of researchers wanting to explore the herbal treatment of UTI. Vaccinium macrocarpon, Tribulus terrestris, Trachyspermum copticum, Cinnamomum verum and Hybanthusenn easpermus are some common medicinal plants reported to have therapeutic potential for the management and cure of the UTI. Although herbal medicines have more potential over conventional medicine but more discoveries are required to explore the phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action responsible for the management and cure of UTI.
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PMID:Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants for the management of urinary tract infection: A systematic review. 3093 2

Three clinical cases of dogs with Pearsonema plica infection were detected in the western part of Slovakia. All cases were detected within five months. Infections were confirmed after positive findings of capillarid eggs in the urine sediment in following breeds. The eight years old Jack Russell Terrier, one year old Italian Greyhound, and eleven years old Yorkshire terrier were examined and treated. In one case, the infection was found accidentally in clinically healthy dog. Two other patients had nonspecific clinical signs such as apathy, inappetence, vomiting, polydipsia and frequent urination. This paper describes three individual cases, including the case history, clinical signs, examinations, and therapies. All data were obtained by attending veterinarian as well as by dog owners.
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PMID:First Documented Cases of Pearsonema Plica (syn. Capillaria Plica) Infections in Dogs from Western Slovakia. 3251 92