Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of premedication and three general anaesthetics on gastric content pH was investigated. Neither premedication with pentobarbital-atropine nor morphine-scopolamine given 1-2 h prior to anaesthesia appeared to affect the acidity of the gastric contents. Halothane invaribly increased the pH of the gastric contents; none of the seven patients studied had a gastric pH of less than 2.5 (mean 5.1) after 1 h of anesthesia. Cyclopropane uniformly maintained the acidity of the gastric contents; only one out of seven patients had a gastric content pH above 2.5 (mean 1.7) after 1 h of anaesthesia. This effect of cyclopropane in maintaining the pH of gastric contents was unaffected by the use of premedication and induction with thiopental. Fluorexene affected the pH of the gastric contents much less uniformly. Although the pH for the group as a whole gradually increased (after one hour from 1.7 plus or minus 0.2 (s.e. mean) to 3.1 plus or minus 0.7), some of the seven patients studied reacted to fluroxene with a constant low gastric content pH. The findings are discussed, and it is concluded that the risk of pulmonary complications in case of vomiting and aspiration upon emergence from anaesthesia is greater if the anaesthetic agent is cyclopropane or fluoroxene, than if it is halothane.
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PMID:Effects of general anaesthetics on the pH of gastric contents in man during surgery: a survey of halothane, fluoroxene and cyclopropane anesthesia. 23 92

A 5-year-old girl had the symptom of vomiting for four years. Gastric analysis showed elevated basal acidity unaffected by betazole stimulation. Roentgenographic examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed two ulcers in the lesser curvature of the stomach. Fasting serum gastrin values were remarkably elevated and a calcium infusion test resulted in noticeable increases in serum gastrin levels. These data were consistent with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. In addition, the patient demonstrated such anomalies as retarded physical and mental development, kyphoscoliosis, median cleft palate, joint contracture and unusual facies due to blepharophimosis, and malformed low-set ears. These clinical features were in accord with the Marden-Walker syndrome. To our knowledge, the present case presents the first case of the combination of these two rare entities in the literature.
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PMID:Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with Marden-Walker syndrome. Association of two rare diseases in a 5-year-old girl. 46 23

The therapeutic effect of four new variants of the preparation Almagel was studied in 100 patients with duodenal ulcer (25 patients in each group were examined)---Flatugel, Flatugel A, Almagel-Neo. The pains, with the treatment faded away in 60 to 68% and abated in 25 to 32% of the treated in the separate groups. As compared with the control group, the symptom constipation was influenced in a higher per cent by the new preparations, explained by the twice higher dose of magnesium hydroxide in the new almagel derivatives. Flatugel A and almagel A-neo had the best upon vomiting, due to the anesthesin, contained in them. In half of the patients, the clinical symptoms disappeared during the first week after the initiation of the treatment and after its termination the clinical manifestations remained unaffected in only 8% of the patients. After the 20-day treatment with the new modifications of almagel, the ulcer niche disappeared in 25-29% and its dimensions were reduced in 30-50%. No significant differences were established as regards the effect upon the rest of the clinical symptoms and ulcer niche among the new preparations themselves and each separate preparations as compared with the control group. The new almagel modifications show a tendency of reduction of gastric secretion and acidity 12 hours after the termination of the treatment as compared with the same prior to treatment, but the differences are statistically insignificant. The new variants of almagel have a pleasant taste, they are taken with pleasure and give no toxic and allergic side effects.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of the Bulgarian preparations, flatugel and almagel-neo in duodenal ulcer]. 699 56

The effect of eating on childhood gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is unclear. Twenty-eight asymptomatic children and 28 children with symptoms of GER were fed apple juice or milk-formula and observed for 3 hr postcibal. Distal esophageal pH was monitored continuously during this interval and used to quantitate the frequency and duration of GER. A period of frequent GER occurred for up to 2 hr after apple juice feedings in asymptomatic children, whereas symptomatic patients had frequent GER for longer periods. Compared to apple juice feedings, milk-formula feedings resulted in a decreased esophageal acidity for the first 2 hr. However, the type of feeding did not affect GER seen in asymptomatic children more than 2 hr postcibal. The frequency and duration of postcibal GER were not reduced by the upright position in either group. Effective medical treatment of symptomatic children did not eliminate the frequent GER within 2 hr of apple juice feedings, whereas the Nissen fundoplication usually eliminated all GER. The absence of GER episodes following apple juice correlated with the inability of most children to burp or vomit following antireflux surgery. Therefore, frequent GER for up to 2 hr after clear liquid meals is probably physiologic in children. The effective control of vomiting by medical or surgical therapy correlated best with a decrease in GER more than 2 hr postcibal.
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PMID:Postcibal gastroesophageal reflux in children. 727 44

A foodborne disease outbreak characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, involving mostly children was investigated. Epidemiological, hospital and laboratory investigations indicated that the disease outbreak was associated with consumption of rancid biscuits abandoned in the street corner in a crowded locality of old city Hyderabad. The offensive flavors of rancidity were masked by the strong pineapple flavor used in the biscuits. Rancidity of the biscuits was confirmed by high peroxide value and acidity of extracted fat. Bacterial contamination was excluded by the total aerobic plate counts and negative tests for Staphylococcus and Salmonella.
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PMID:Foodborne disease outbreak due to consumption of rancid biscuits. 776 Apr 45

Enteral nutrition (EN) has several advantages over parenteral nutrition (PN) for postoperative/posttrauma patients. Modern technologies for tube-feeding have made early EN possible. Jejunal tube-feeding has advantages over gastric tube-feeding: faster metabolic recovery, less vomiting, and less risk of regurgitation and aspiration. Immediate or early EN stimulates the splanchnic and hepatic circulations, improves mucosal blood flow, prevents intramucosal acidosis and permeability disturbances, and eliminates the need for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Saliva containing important antimicrobial substances and gastric acidity are important in sepsis prevention. Chewing, saliva, and gastric acidity support gastric nitric oxide (NO) release, important for mucosal blood flow, gastrointestinal (GI) motility, mucus formation, and bacteriostasis. An oral supply of NO-donating substances and chewing of nitrate-rich food, such as lettuce or spinach, can be useful. Oral and mucosa-protective lipids are recommended. H2 blockers and saliva-inhibiting drugs are avoided. Immediate EN should be given, starting with 25 ml/hr and increasing to 100 ml/hr over 24 to 48 hours. For the immunocompromised patient special attention should be given to the purity of water. Bottled water can contain bacteria such as Pseudomonas. Food antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamin E, and beta-carotenes are important. Ingredients for the colonic mucosa are important. Approximately 10% of caloric need is satisfied by so-called colonic food (prebiotics), fermented at the level of the colonic mucosa to produce colonic mucosa nutrients and to prevent gut origin sepsis. More than 10 g of fiber per day is recommended. The fermenting flora (probiotic flora) is deranged owing to disease or antibiotic treatment, and resupply of flora is important. A new concept of ecoimmune nutrition is presented for enteral supply of mucosa-reconditioning ingredients: new surfactants, pseudomucus, fiber, amino acids such as arginine, and mucosa-adhering Lactobacillus plantarum 299.
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PMID:Nutritional support to prevent and treat multiple organ failure. 866 38

Helicobacter pylori is susceptible to many antibacterial drugs in vitro but has proved difficult to eradicate in vivo. The macrolide clarithromycin has good activity against H. pylori in vitro and has demonstrated the highest eradication rate for any antibacterial monotherapy in vivo. However, it is clear that antibacterial monotherapy is not a sufficiently effective treatment for patients with H. pylori infection. The suggestion that high intragastric acidity impairs the action of antibacterial drugs led to the evaluation of combination H. pylori eradication regimens including H+,K+-ATPase inhibitors and antibacterial drug(s) with or without bismuth compounds. Noncomparative studies evaluating the efficacy of dual therapy with clarithromycin plus omeprazole in patients with H. pylori infection have reported eradication rates of between 58 and 83% > or = 4-weeks after therapy. In comparative studies, clarithromycin plus omeprazole was at least as effective as amoxicillin plus omeprazole. However, direct comparisons have shown that eradication rates achieved by dual therapy are not as high as those achieved by triple therapy. Indeed, triple therapy with clarithromycin plus omeprazole in combination with amoxicillin or a nitroimidazole has achieved eradication rates of up to 100%. Although 14-day triple drug regimes were initially considered necessary for effective eradication, it now seems clear that 7-day regimes are equally effective. Factors known to influence response to H. pylori eradication therapy include bacterial resistance and patient compliance. A review of 4 studies evaluating the efficacy of dual eradication therapy with clarithromycin plus omeprazole reported an overall incidence of adverse events (patient or investigator reported, whether related to treatment or not) of 45%. The most common adverse event was taste disturbance (an adverse event commonly reported during the development of clarithromycin); nausea, headache, diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain occurred less frequently. Although dual therapy might be expected to cause fewer adverse events than triple therapy this has not been the case in direct comparisons conducted to date. Thus, although clarithromycin plus omeprazole is associated with an H. pylori eradication rate of approximately 70%, 1 week of triple therapy with these 2 drugs together with amoxicillin or a nitroimidazole, which eradicates the organism in approximately 90% of cases, may represent optimal H. pylori eradication therapy.
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PMID:Clarithromycin and omeprazole as helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in patients with H. pylori-associated gastric disorders. 874 Dec 37

Technical difficulties in creating gastrointestinal anastomosis in infants and young children, because of the small lumen, are well known and may be complicated by a narrow passage, anastomotic obstruction, gastric stasis, recurrent vomiting, and failure to gain weight. The search for alternative easier technique was the basis for this study. The primary aim was to evaluate the safety of anastomosis between the stomach and a loop of the jejunum performed by using the tissue adhesive Histoacryl glue in comparison with the same anastomosis performed conventionally with absorbable sutures. We compared the results of gastrojejunal anastomosis in rats using either Histoacryl (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) glue or continuous, absorbable sutures. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups of 16 rats each. Gastroenterostomy was performed with either type of anastomosis with and without truncal vagotomy. The criteria ofgastroenterostomy investigated included anastomotic leakage, stricture formation, adhesion formation, and histological examination. The pH of gastric secretion was measured with intact gastric innervation and after vagotmy in all rats. The time to complete each type of anastomosis was measured in minutes. Anastomotic stricture, leak, peritonitis, and death happened in three rats in each group with intact vagal innervation, in two rats after vagotomy and anastomosis with Histoacryl, and in one rat after vagotomy and anastomosis with sutures. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the various groups, except the shorter time for performing the glued anastomosis (5-7 min) compared to the conventional anastomosis (16-21 min). In conclusion, gastroenterostomy with Histoacryl in rats appears to be as safe as conventional suture anastomosis, saves operating time, and is not affected by gastric acidity.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal anastomosis with histoacryl glue in rats. 1129 56

It has been shown that small amounts of the digestive secretions normally present in the duodenum regurgitate into the stomach following operative anastomosis between the stomach and the upper intestinal tract. As the duodenal contents are alkaline in reaction this reflux is thought by many to result in a decrease in the acidity of the gastric contents. The purpose of the investigations reported here has been to determine the effect of bile on the acid chyme of the stomach. By means of a cholecystgastrostomy with ligation and division of the common bile duct in six dogs the bile was diverted from the duodenum into the stomach. The secretion of gastric juice and the acidity of the gastric contents throughout the period of digestion were followed before and after the anastomoses. For this purpose three of the dogs were provided with Pawlow stomach pouches. In the three remaining animals the test meals were recovered by using apomorphin injections. The results from the two series of experiments agree. They indicate, at least with a diet of meat and water, that bile when it is present in the stomach throughout the course of digestion has no appreciable effect on the acidity of the gastric contents. While the anastomosis of the gall bladder to the stomach occasioned some temporary anorexia and vomiting in two of the dogs, the four remaining animals bore the operation well. Three or four weeks subsequent to the operation the digestion and the nutrition appeared normal in each instance. Postmortem examinations revealed no pathological changes in the gastric mucosa.
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PMID:AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CHOLE-CYSTGASTROSTOMY ON GASTRIC ACIDITY. 1986 68

Background. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may present with gastroesophageal and extraesophageal symptoms. Currently, the frequencies of gastroesophageal and extragastroesophageal symptoms in Asian patients with different categories of GERD remain unclear. Aim. To investigate the frequencies of gastroesophageal and extragastroesophageal symptoms in patients with mild erosive esophagitis, severe erosive esophagitis, and Barrett's esophagus of GERD. Methods. The symptoms of symptomatic subjects with (1) Los Angeles grade A/B erosive esophagitis, (2) Los Angeles grade C/D erosive esophagitis, and (3) Barrett's esophagus proven by endoscopy were prospectively assessed by a standard questionnaire for gastroesophageal and extragastroesophageal symptoms. The frequencies of the symptoms were compared by Chi-square test. Result. Six hundred and twenty-five patients (LA grade A/B: 534 patients; LA grade C/D: 37 patients; Barrett's esophagus: 54 patients) were assessed for gastroesophageal and extragastroesophageal symptoms. Patients with Los Angeles grade A/B erosive esophagitis had higher frequencies of symptoms including epigastric pain, epigastric fullness, dysphagia, and throat cleaning than patients with Los Angeles grade C/D erosive esophagitis. Patients with Los Angeles grade A/B erosive esophagitis also had higher frequencies of symptoms including acid regurgitation, epigastric acidity, regurgitation of food, nausea, vomiting, epigastric fullness, dysphagia, foreign body sensation of throat, throat cleaning, and cough than patients with Barrett's esophagus. Conclusion. The frequencies of some esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms in patients with Los Angeles grade A/B erosive esophagitis were higher than those in patients with Los Angeles grade C/D erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. The causes of different symptom profiles in different categories of GERD patients merit further investigations.
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PMID:The Frequencies of Gastroesophageal and Extragastroesophageal Symptoms in Patients with Mild Erosive Esophagitis, Severe Erosive Esophagitis, and Barrett's Esophagus in Taiwan. 2399 65


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