Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During 1985-1989, in Calcutta Medical College Hospitals, of 152 children of 1-6 year age group admitted with the history of scorpion sting 18 (11.8%) died. Maximum numbers of stings were inflicted in the fingers. Important clinical features recorded were circulatory failure, breathlessness, profuse sweating, vomiting, local oedema and convulsion. Incidences of scorpion stings were much more frequent in the summer and rainy seasons than in the winter season.
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PMID:A retrospective study on scorpion sting in a pediatric age group in a hospital in Calcutta. 139 14

Studies have attempted to define predictive indicators of diagnosis and/or prognosis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the emergency department and to identify the need for hospital admission in patients with chest pain. Because prehospital predictors have not been defined, dispatchers, paramedics, and base station physicians continue to triage based on patient history. We reviewed 401 patients presenting in one year to an urban paramedic system with chest pain, normal vital signs, and stable rhythms to identify predictors of AMI and unstable angina. Thirty-one percent (123) had a diagnosis of AMI, 26% (105) unstable angina, and 43% (173) "other" diagnoses. Two-hundred seventy-eight patients required nitroglycerin administration, 182 required IV morphine, 14 developed arrhythmias requiring lidocaine, and two suffered cardiac arrest in the field. Nine other patients had a cardiac arrest after arrival in the ED. When comparing AMI and unstable angina patients to the "others," 64% (132) versus 36% (74) had radiation of pain (P less than .003), 72% (95) versus 28% (37) had diaphoresis (P less than .0001). Neither difficulty breathing, nausea/vomiting, vital signs, initial rhythm, nor past history of myocardial infarction were helpful in discriminating AMI and unstable angina from others. Comparing AMI alone versus others, the presence of ST segment elevation on lead II was present in 15% (18) AMIs, 3% (3) unstable angina, and 8% (14) others (P = .005). Diaphoresis also was a predictor of diagnosis with 51% (63) of the AMIs and 25% (69) of others exhibiting this sign (P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Limitations of prehospital predictors of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. 368 92

The symptoms and signs of 51 patients with a history of scorpion sting were studied. Acute pulmonary oedema with peripheral circulatory failure due to myocarditis developed in 10. Pulmonary oedema appeared within thirty minutes to ten hours after the sting. 5 out of 7 male patients in whom pulmonary oedema subsequently developed presented with priapism. Profuse sweating, mydriasis, vomiting, and peripheral circulatory failure were also seen, and, in 1 patient, the clinical picture was suggestive on pancreatitis. The remaining 40 patients has severe local pain only and no subsequent cardiac manifestations. There appears to be a positive correlation between occurrence of priapism in a male and the later development of cardiac manifestations after a scorpion sting.
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PMID:Diagnostic cardiac premonitory signs and symptoms of red scorpion sting. 612 Apr 3

Three boys were treated for arteritis of the aorta and great vessels and bilateral renal artery stenosis. One presented at age 6 months with failure to thrive, excessive sweating, and vomiting: hypertension and cardiac failure were subsequently diagnosed. The two older boys (7 and 14 years) presented with symptomless hypertension. The clinical and angiographic findings in the three patients suggest that the illness may have been Takayasu's arteritis, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypertension in infancy and childhood. Renal autotransplantation was performed in all three patients with good results. Early renal autotransplantation may reduce the morbidity associated with this disease.
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PMID:Three patients with arteritis. 614 18

A double-blind study was designed to test the hypothesis that local side-effects during i. v. administration of erythromycin lactobionate depend on the drug concentration and that they can therefore be minimized by dissolving erythromycin in a larger infusion volume. Forty healthy students were assigned in a randomized sequence to four 30 min infusions: 120 and 250 ml of erythromycin lactobionate (1 g in 0.9% NaCl) and 120 and 250 ml of placebo (0.9% NaCl). An unexpectedly high incidence (95% and 80% for the infusion volumes of 120 and 250 ml, respectively) of severe systemic side-effects was observed during the first 79 infusions. Because all of these systemic side-effects were associated with the infusion of erythromycin, the study was terminated at this point. Side-effects included abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and profuse sweating. The postulated positive effect of lower erythromycin concentrations in the infusion on local side-effects (pain at the infusion site, erythema) was marginal (63% vs. 45%). Compared to the systemic side-effects, the problem of local tolerance is less important. In young adults, 30 min infusions of 1 g erythromycin lactobionate are associated with a high incidence of systemic side-effects which may be due to an age-dependent effect of the drug on smooth muscle.
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PMID:Side-effects due to the intravenous infusion of erythromycin lactobionate. 688 76

91 patients with trichinosis were treated at the Clinic of Infectious and Dermatovenereology Diseases in Novi Sad during a one-year period. In 64% of patients the onset was intestinal, while in 36% it was invasive. Diarrhea (in 28.89%) and abdominal pain (in 22.22%) are the most common symptoms of the intestinal stage. Nausea, vomiting and opstipation are less common. The main symptoms of the invasive stage are myalgia (65.54%), high temperature and eyelid edema (57.78%). Facial edema (38.89%), general weakness (24.44%), conjunctivitis (15.56%) and rash (8.89%) are somewhat less common. Heavy sweating, headache, nervousness, psychic instability and fast forgetting occur in a small number of treated patients. Myocarditis and encephalitis occurred in 3.33% of patients. There were 43.33% of patients with mild clinical picture, 40% with mild-to-severe and 16.66% with severe clinical picture. 54.44% of patients were males and 45.56% were females, and it can be said that sex did not influence the severeness of the clinical picture. The youngest patient was 5 years of age, the oldest 72. Most patients were 21-50 years of age but we did not establish statistical importance between clinical picture severeness in regard to age. The shortest period of incubation was 5 days, the longest 40 days. Average incubation period was 18.05 days (x = 18.05). Studying period of incubation and severeness of the clinical picture we established the following (x2 = 28.535). The shorter the incubation period, the severer the disease.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of trichinosis]. 901 31

A relationship between neurovegetative symptoms and an increased risk of sudden infant death (SID) has been frequently described. Such symptoms are vomiting because of gastroesophageal reflux, breathing disorders while nutritive sucking, excessive sweating during sleep, prolonged apneas and apneas with associated symptoms, further unexplained episodes of cyanosis, pallor and loss of muscle tone. An acute decompensation of the cardiorespiratory autonomic system during sleep is currently discussed to be one of the causes of SID. Polysomnographic investigations are used to diagnose sleep related cardiorespiratory autonomic dysfunction. In this study, infants up to the age of 5 months were examined using polysomnography throughout their entire nocturnal sleep. The findings from 79 infants with neurovegetative symptoms were compared with the results from 163 healthy control children. Indications of an impaired respiratory regulation during sleep were shown to be significantly more frequent in infants with neurovegetative symptoms. In particular the occurrence of periodic breathing with a high frequency of periodic apnea plus a large number of acute decreases in oxygen saturation could be shown in infants with neurovegetative symptoms. The findings were most pronounced during the first 1.5 months after birth. The results of this investigations lead to the conclusion that, in the case of young infants with breathing abnormalities, neurovegetative symptoms can frequently be observed. The occurrence of such symptoms should therefore be a reason for a polysomnographic examination.
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PMID:[Neurovegetative symptoms in infants with sleep-related respiratory disorders]. 919 72

Acute health effects of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides on coffee farmworkers in 1991-1992 in Tanzania are reported to provide a basis for concern over farmworkers being overexposed during application. Workers exposed to OP pesticides (N=133) were drawn from a population of about 240,000 coffee farmers. They were interviewed on symptoms and personal protection, and their erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined during both spraying and nonspraying period. AChE activities during spraying and nonspraying period were comparable (mean 32.0, SD 7.8 vs. 33.0, SD 8.7 U/g HgB, P=0.26). The prevalence of cough, headache, abdominal pain, excessive sweating, nausea, excessive salivation, diarrhea, and vomiting did not differ significantly between spraying and nonspraying periods. There was no suggestion of decreased AChE in exposed subjects who complained of OP-related symptoms compared to symptomless exposed subjects. Use of gloves, long boots, head cover, face cover, and coverall was not significantly associated with AChE activity. No marked AChE depression was found during spraying season, which may explain the lack of association between symptoms and AChE. The fact that only moderately toxic OP pesticides were used may indicate that toxicity was not sufficiently high to cause depression. Experience, however, suggests that occupational poisoning remains a potential serious danger in coffee cultivation in Tanzania.
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PMID:Acute health effects of organophosphorus pesticides on Tanzanian small-scale coffee growers. 1157 13

The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) users, their GHB and other drug use patterns, and the harms associated with GHB use. Seventy-six GHB users were recruited and administered a structured interview on GHB use and related harms. GHB users appeared to be a stable, highly educated and well-functioning group. They had had extensive experience with a range of drugs, and GHB was typically used in conjunction with other drugs. Despite the fact that most GHB users had not had a long or extensive experience with GHB use, the proportion reporting significant negative side effects when using GHB was high (99% reported at least one), and the mean number of side effects ever experienced was 6.5. Notably, half (52%) reported becoming unconscious, 53% reported vomiting, 58% reported profuse sweating, and 8% reported having a fit or seizure. The high rate of problems reported by a group with limited use of this drug suggests that in a context of polydrug use, GHB use is associated with significant risks to users.
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PMID:GHB use among Australians: characteristics, use patterns and associated harm. 1206 82

Due to the long-term health risks now associated with hormone replacement therapy, many menopausal women are actively seeking alternative treatments. One such alternative is black cohosh (Actaea racemosa, syn. Cimicifuga racemosa), which has been used in the United States for the treatment of gynecologic complaints for more than 100 years. Review of the published clinical data suggests that black cohosh may be useful for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, profuse sweating, insomnia, and anxiety. Results from the most recently published trial, however, indicate that black cohosh is not effective for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors being treated with tamoxifen. Because the overall quality of the published clinical trials is low, two new randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are currently underway in the United States. To date, only one standardized black cohosh extract has been tested clinically; the current recommended dose is 40-80 mg per day. At least 4-12 weeks of treatment may be required before any therapeutic benefits may be apparent. Adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, mastalgia, and weight gain have been observed in clinical trials. No drug interactions are reported in the medical literature. The estrogenic effects of black cohosh are controversial, and the more recent data indicate that black cohosh extracts may have an anti-estrogenic activity. Owing to potential effects on sex hormones, however, black cohosh should not be administered to children or during pregnancy and lactation.
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PMID:Black cohosh: an alternative therapy for menopause? 1255 11


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