Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Organic, physiologic, and psychologic causes of dysmenorrhea are presented. Signs and symptoms include pelvic fullness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary frequency, nervousness, and headaches. Primary dysmenorrhea has been treated with analgesics, diuretics, and antispasmodics. Androgen therapy was also found to be effective, but it cannot be used for women who have acne or hirsutism. Surgery is rarely indicated for primary dysmenorrhea.
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PMID:Primary and membranous dysmenorrhea. 36 Apr 2

A case report of mesenteric venous thrombosis with small bowel infarction in a 38-year-old woman who had been taking oral contraceptives is reported. The patient was admitted complaining of severe abdominal pain and vomiting for 36 hours. On admission, temperature was 37.5 degrees C and pulse 120/minute. Abdominal rigidity and left-sided abdominal tenderness were present. X-ray of the abdomen showed 2 distended loops of small bowel and 3 fluid levels. Serum amylase was normal. White cell count was 10,000/cu mm. There was a history of abdominal pain and diarrhea over a period of several years. For 6 months she had been taking Ovulen (mestranol .1 mg and ethynodiol diacetate .5 mg) for menstrual irregularity. 2 weeks earlier she had suffered an influenzalike illness with pleuristic chest pain, loin pain, urinary frequency, and dysuria. Chest X-ray and intravenous pylography were then reported as normal. At immediate operation, a 15 cm segment of ileum was found to be infarcted. Semipurulent fluid was present in the abdomen and areas of fibrinous peritonitis were observed. The involved segment of ileum was resected. A small thrombus was extracted from a mesenteric vein. Initial postoperative course was good but 3 days after operation chest pain, dyspnea, and giddiness developed and cardiac arrest followed. Resuscitation was successful. Pulmonary angiography then showed thrombi in all branches of the pulmonary artery. After heparin therapy symptoms improved and the patient left the hospital in 2 weeks, her condition being stabilized with warfarin and dipyridamole (Persantin). The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. Early recanalization of a mesenteric vein was noted. Other reported cases have shown an average prodromal phase of 4 or 5 days. The long-term diarrhea was considered as not connected with the present illness but the presumed influenza illness 2 weeks earlier may have been due to a pulmonary embolism. Of reported cases, 5 of 13 have died. Early diagnosis, prompt surgery, and heparin therpay are considered important.
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PMID:Mesenteric venous thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives: a case report. 106 70

Double-pigtail stents are placed commonly in patients before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to prevent ureteral obstruction from steinstrasse. The use of double-pigtail stents in lithotripsy patients with a moderate stone burden was studied in a prospective randomized trial. Patients with unilateral renal stone(s) with at least 1 diameter between 7 and 25 mm. were eligible for the study. Fifty patients were randomized to a control or stented group. Double-pigtail stents with an attached suture were placed immediately before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the stented group. Stents were removed by the patients 1 week after lithotripsy. A survey on pain and associated symptoms was completed by patients at 1 and 14 days after treatment. There was no statistical difference in flank or abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, temperature or use of analgesics at 1 and 14 days after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the control and stented groups. All patients in the stented groups complained of side effects attributable to the stent including urinary frequency and urgency, bladder pain, hematuria and flank pain with urination. Of 25 patients with stents 7 (27%) had early removal because of severe irritation, early migration or accidental removal. Among the patients with follow-up x-rays 1 month after treatment 17 of 21 (81%) in the control group and 12 of 19 (63%) in the stented group showed no evidence of remaining stones. The use of double-pigtail stents is not beneficial in patients with a moderate stone burden. Double-pigtail stents are associated with considerable patient discomfort but no decrease in symptomatic ureteral obstruction or final stone eradication rate.
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PMID:Use of double-pigtail stents in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. 240 62

The chronic oral toxicity of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4), a new anti-pollakiuria agent, was studied in beagle dogs. Groups of 6 males and 6 females were treated with P-4 at doses of 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 9 mg/kg/day for one year and thereafter 2 animals of both sexes in each group were placed on withdrawal for one month. During administration and recovery period, no death occurred in any dosed animals. As a toxic sign, only the frequency of vomiting was increased in animals of 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups. Body weight, food and water consumption were not affected by the P-4 administration. In serum chemical examinations, gamma-GTP activity was increased in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group at 6 month of administration. Further decrease in total and free cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid, increase in GPT activity were detected in some animals of 9 mg/kg/day group at 12 month of administration. In addition decreasing tendency in levels of albumin was noted in males of 9 mg/kg/day group at 9 and 12 month of administration. And also, a gradual increase in total protein level and a gradual decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity were seen in control group, but in females or males of 9 mg/kg/day group, those changes were mild. Urine pH rised slightly in females of 3 mg/kg/day group and in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group. No specific findings attributable to P-4 treatment were detected in ECG, heart rate, funduscopy, hematology, fecal occult blood test and necropsy. The absolute and/or relative liver weight in males of 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups were significantly increased. Light-microscopically, the hypertrophy of hepatocytes characterized by homogenization and enlargement of cytoplasmic space, and concentric inclusions in hepatocytic cytoplasm were detected in both sexes of 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups. Corresponding to these microscopical findings, the following changes were observed electron-microscopically, the proliferation of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes in both sexes of 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg/day groups, lamellar bodies in hepatocytes in females of 3 mg/kg/day group, and in both sexes of 9 mg/kg/day group, and annulate lamellae in hepatocytes were detected in one female of 9 mg/kg/day group. After the recovery period, the above mentioned abnormalities were markedly attenuated or disappeared except the changes in hepatocytes. From these results, it seemed that 9 mg/kg/day of P-4 might be safety dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[One-year chronic oral toxicity study of propiverine hydrochloride in dogs followed by one-month recovery]. 260 51

Ten patients with advanced bladder cancer were treated with intra-arterial infusion therapy. The patients consisted of nine males and one female between 55 and 82 years old (median: 70 years). In all patients, cisplatinum (CDDP) (2 mg/kg), aclacinomycin (ACR) (0.5 mg/kg) and Angiotensin II (25 mg) were infused via the internal iliac artery for a period of about 30 minutes. Seven patients also received X-ray therapy with a linac. The efficacy of this therapy was assessed by computed tomographic scanning, sonography and cystoscopy. As a result of this assessment, 2 patients were rated complete response "(CR)", 6 partial response (PR) (showing 50% or more reduction in the lesion) and 2 no change "(NC)". To compare the efficacy of this therapy for two histopathologically defined groups of patients (patients with grades 2 and 3 cancer), one patient was rated "CR", four "PR" and two "NC" in the grade 3 group (total 7 patients), while one was rated "CR" and two "PR", in the grade 2 group (total 3 patients). In effective cases, pollakiuria and miction pain disappeared shortly following intra-arterial infusion therapy. As for side effects of the therapy, mild nausea or vomiting was observed in all patients, while leukopenia was noted in one patient.
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PMID:[Treatment of advanced bladder cancer with intra-arterial infusion of cisplatinum (CDDP) and aclacinomycin (ACR), combined with angiotensin II]. 342 16

A phase I study of a new fluorinated pyrimidine, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), was performed by a multi-institutional clinical study group using a total of 111 patients with histologically proven malignancies. The characteristic toxic effects were a transient hot sensation and pollakiuria, which occurred 15-120 minutes after oral administration of the drug, continued for 30 minutes to 4 hours, and subsided spontaneously. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia, which are common with 5-FU administration, also occurred with HCFU but did so less frequently. The maximum tolerated dose for a single oral administration was estimated to be between 12 and 15 mg/kg and the optimal daily dose for continuous administration was considered to be between 9 and 18 mg/kg, with divided daily administration. Fifty-seven patients received 5-19 mg/kg/day of HCFU for > 4 weeks, including 31 patients with > 60 days' treatment. Cumulative doses were from 9.5 to 166.2 g, with a mean of 26.3 g. Hematopoietic toxicity was slight and hepatic toxicity was questionable. No renal or other cumulative toxicity was observed. In ten of the 57 patients, favorable clinical effects were seen: an active decrease in the size of the solid tumor (three patients), the disappearance of ascites (six), and the improvement of intestinal obstruction due to peritoneal carcinomatosis (one).
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PMID:Phase I study of a new antitumor drug, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), administered orally: an HCFU clinical study group report. 744 23

The activity of pidotimod ((R)-3-[(S)-(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl) carbonyl]-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, PGT/1A, CAS 121808-62-6) was studied vs. placebo in a double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial, involving 60 pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. Recovery from acute events was quicker with pidotimod than with placebo (9.6 vs. 12.3 days). In treated patients antibiotic therapy was shorter (6.9 vs. 8.3 days) and main symptomatic parameters (body temperature, vesical tenesmus, stranguria, pollakiuria, total number of symptoms, total symptomatic intensity, rate of asymptomatic patients, haematuria, leukocyturia, positive urinary culture) receded quickly. In patients receiving the drug as well as in patients treated with placebo changes in laboratory parameters were observed, indicating recovery from the acute infectious disease. A significant trend to normalization of the immune response, expressed by chemotaxis and index of leukocyte phagocytosis, was found only in patients treated with pidotimod. After the acute episode a significant decrease of risk of relapses (69%) was observed in these patients. If a relapse occurs, the response of treated patients is quicker (duration of fever, total time of relapses) than for control patients. These findings allow to correlate the individual immune response activation to the resistance to recurrent infections and also to a better response to therapy if the disease occurs and becomes clinically relevant. No side effects were observed. Mild reactions (4 nausea/vomiting, 1 erythema) occurred only in 5 patients (2 pidotimod, 3 placebo) but were attributed to concomitant antibiotic therapy. No alterations of main laboratory parameters were found. These findings confirm the tolerability of the drug also in long-term treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of urinary tract infections in children. 785 49

A 45-year-old woman who had been diagnosed as having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at the age of 28 years and who had been in remission developed severe urinary frequency, watery diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss. She also developed acute renal failure and her serological examination was consistent with active SLE. She had a markedly decreased urinary bladder capacity of 20 ml with hydroureteronephrosis. Histopathological study of her urinary bladder biopsy specimen showed mucosal edema, infiltration by lymphocytes and granulocytes, and deposition of IgA in the epithelium and submucosal region. We diagnosed this as a case of lupus cystitis. The patient's symptoms were alleviated by bilateral nephrostomy and corticosteroid therapy. In the present episode the patient showed none of the usual symptoms of SLE. This case and others reported in the literature show that lupus cystitis presents with specific signs and symptoms and therefore, this syndrome may represent a specific clinical manifestation of SLE.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus relapse with lupus cystitis. 857 46

Comparative single-dose toxicity studies of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1,1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate(NS-21), a new drug for the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence, were conducted in ddY mice and Sprague-Dawley rats after oral(p.o.),intraperitoneal(i.p.) and subcutaneous(s.c.) administration, and in Beagle dogs after p.o. administration. The p.o. LD50 values of NS-21 were 852 and 1167 mg/kg for male and female mice, 2839 and 1739 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively. The i.p. LD50 values were 324 and 390 mg/kg for male and female mice, and 423 and 359 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively. No death occurred in mice and rats at doses up to s.c. 5000 mg/kg. Minimum lethal dose for dogs could not be determined because of vomiting. Mydriasis was noted in all three species tested without regard to administration route. In addition, decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, prone or lateral position, hypopnea, hypothemia, ataxic gait, twitch and clonic convulsion were observed in mice and rats after p.o. and i.p. administration. In rats, salivation was observed after p.o. administration and lacrimation was observed after p.o. and i.p. administration. After s.c. administration, scab formation at the site of injection was observed in mice and rats. In dogs, vomiting, hyperemia of both conjunctiva and oral mucosa, prone position, tremor and clonic convulsion were observed after p.o. administration. Body weight was decreased or its gain was suppressed in mice and rats without regard to administration route. Body weight and food consumption were decreased in dogs after p.o. administration. Pathological examination showed congestion of lung in dead mice and rats after p.o. and i.p. administration. Distention of small intestine was observed in dead mice and rats after p.o. administration and in sacrificed rats after p.o. administration. Adhesion between the abdominal organs was observed in sacrificed mice and rats after i.p. administration. Thymic atrophy associated with a decrease in its organ weight was observed in dogs after p.o. administration.
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PMID:[Single-dose toxicity studies of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1, 1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate(NS-21), a novel drug for urinary frequency and incontinence, in mice, rats and dogs]. 917 Jun

A 13-week oral repeated dose toxicity study of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1,1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate (NS-21), a new drug for the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence, was conducted in beagle dogs. Male and female dogs were given the drug orally for 13 weeks at doses of 0 (control), 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg. After discontinuation of the treatment, a 5-week recovery test was also conducted. No effects related to the treatment were observed on survival. Mydriasis and a decrease in body weight or a suppression of its weight gain were seen in the 25 and 125 mg/kg groups. Vomiting, salivation and a decrease in food consumption were seen in the 125 mg/kg group. Ophthalmologic examination confirmed the mydriasis in the 125 mg/kg group. Electrocardiographic examination and urinalysis showed no abnormalities attributable to the treatment. Hematological examination showed an increase in number of platelets in the 125 mg/kg group. Blood chemical examination revealed increases in GPT and ALP and a decrease in albumin in the 25 and 125 mg/kg groups, and an increase in triglyceride in the 125 mg/kg group. Pathological examination disclosed hepatocellular hypertrophy in the 125 mg/kg group, hyperplasia of smooth-ER and concentric lamellar bodies derived from the smooth-ER, and bile pigments in the bile capillary, hepatocyte and stellate cells of Kupffer in the 25 and 125 mg/kg groups. Megakaryocytes in mesenteric lymph node were observed in the 25 and 125 mg/kg groups. The recovery test showed that the above-mentioned changes were satisfactorily reversible or the degree and frequency of these changes were lowered. No treatment-related effects were seen in the 5 mg/kg group. These results show that the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of NS-21 is 5 mg/kg for 13-week oral toxicity in dogs.
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PMID:[A 13-week oral repeated dose toxicity study of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1,1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate (NS-21), a novel drug for urinary frequency and incontinence, in dogs followed by a 5-week recovery test]. 917 Jun 5


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