Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxicity of cefaclor, a new orally-administered cephalosporin, was evaluated in laboratory animals given single or multiple doses of the antibiotic. The acute toxicity data for cefaclor in mice, rats, dogs and monkeys were comparable to that previously reported for cephalexin. Rats were maintained on dietary mixtures of cefaclor which provided average daily doses of approximately 230 to 950 mg/kg for 28 days in subacute toxicity tests, and 160 to 675 mg/kg for 1 year in chronic toxicity tests. Treatment-related effects in the above studies were limited to soft stool excretion and caecal dilatation in the subacute test. Effects in dogs given daily oral doses of 50 to 200 mg/kg for 30 days were limited to a transient moderate fall in haemoglobin concentration in the two males at the highest dose. Soft stool excretion and occasional episodes of emesis were observed in dogs given cefaclor for 1 year at oral doses of 100 to 400 mg/kg/day. A reversible thrombocytopenia occurred in one animal at the highest dose. Analysis of various tissue fluids taken 2 hours after the last dose revealed that the concentration of cefaclor in the synovial fluid was approximatley one-half of that in serum. The results of these studies indicate that cefaclor has a low toxic potential in the species tested.
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PMID:An evaluation of the toxicity of cefaclor in laboratory animals. 12 54

Faecal samples from 54 dogs with diarrhoea and 54 control dogs were cultured for Campylobacter, Salmonella and Yersinia species and controlled for enteric viruses. The campylobacter were identified as either C jejuni/coli or C upsaliensis. In the diarrhoeic group 16 dogs (29.6 per cent) were positive for campylobacter, 10 C upsaliensis and six C jejuni/coli. Concomitant infection with parvovirus was evident in six of the dogs with diarrhoea and campylobacter-positive faecal cultures. In the control group 13 dogs (24.1 per cent) were positive for campylobacter; three of the isolates were C upsaliensis and six C jejuni/coli. Four isolates could not be identified. The most prominent clinical findings in naturally occurring cases were an acute onset of vomiting (12 of 16), diarrhoea (16 of 16) which was often haemorrhagic (nine of 16) and a raised rectal temperature. Dogs were infected experimentally with both C jejuni (three dogs) and C upsaliensis (three dogs). The challenge strains could be identified in faecal samples from all the dogs, but clinical signs of diarrhoea were seen in only one dog infected with C jejuni. Soft faeces was passed by one dog infected with C upsaliensis. It is concluded that C jejuni/coli or C upsaliensis are either primary pathogens or, after predisposing factors such as virus infections, act as secondary pathogens. It also seems probable that Campylobacter species are present in the intestinal flora of the normal dog.
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PMID:Campylobacter in the dog: a clinical and experimental study. 282 68

The effects of suloctidil (MY103) on the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems were investigated with single and consecutive administration. The general behavior in mice, awareness and motor activity were slightly depressed with the dose above 300 mg/kg, p.o. of MY 103. Soft stool was also marked in the dose above 100 mg/kg, p.o. in beagles and 1000 mg/kg, p.o. in mice. In beagles, vomiting was another syndrome with 100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o. of MY 103. Spontaneous motor activity was significantly decreased after MY 103 by p.o. administration in the dose above 100 mg/kg in mice and 300 mg/kg in rats. In sleep anesthesia studies, MY 103 and iproniazid did not potentiate the effect of a subthreshold dose of barbital, but those two drugs significantly prolonged the sleeping time of pentobarbital as chlorpromazine did. No anticonvulsive effect was observed with MY 103 in chemo- and electroshock seizure tests. My 103 of 300 mg/kg, p.o. significantly decreased the acetic acid induced writhing number, but no analgesic activity was found in the Haffner's method in mice. In the rotarod test, MY 103 of 30-300 mg/kg, p.o. inhibited the motor coordination dose-dependently. MY 103 antagonized the m-amphetamine group toxicity. A cataleptogenic effect was observed following the relatively high dose of MY 103 by an i.p. route. This effect was antagonized by atropine. The spinal reflexes in the immobilized cat, and spontaneous rabbit EEG were not affected by MY 103. The conditioned avoidance response (CAR) was also not changed with MY 103 in rats. In the isolated phrenic-nerve diaphragm preparation, 10(-4)M MY 103 irreversively inhibited the muscle twitches elicited by nerve and muscle stimulation, but suloctidil at 300 micrograms/kg, i.v., did not suppress the tibialis muscle twitches in vivo. In the consecutive administration study, MY 103 suppressed the CAR in rats and prolonged the thiopental-sleeping time in an administration period-related manner. These changes disappeared rapidly after drug withdrawal. Taking these evidences together, it can be concluded that MY 103 has little effect on the CNS with single administration, but the tendency to depress the CNS was observed after the repeated administration of MY 103.
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PMID:[Effects of suloctidil on the central and peripheral nervous systems]. 631 48

Five male and 5 female beagle dogs were orally given lactitol, a hepatic encephalopathy drug, for 52 weeks at doses of 0, 0.25, 1.25 or 6.25 g/kg/day. A 9 week recovery test was conducted after the discontinuation of the drug treatment. Soft stool, diarrhea, and vomiting were seen in the 1.25 and 6.25 g/kg groups. In the 6.25 g/kg group, bloody stool and increased water consumption were also observed. Urinalysis showed larger amount of the urine volume in the 6.25 g/kg group. The cecum weight of this group was increased without any morphological changes. There were no drug related effects on survival, body weight gain and food consumption. Electrocardiographic, ophthalmoscopic, hematologic and biochemical examinations failed to show any abnormalities related to the drug treatment. The above mentioned changes were satisfactorily reversible. Based on the results obtained, the NOAEL of this study was suggested to be 0.25 g/kg/day.
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PMID:[52-week oral toxicity study of lactitol (NS-4) in dogs followed by 9-week recovery test]. 783 96