Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The methods used presently for abortion of the attacks of migraine and cluster headache are not fully satisfactory which causes that the search for new therapies is continuing. Although the mechanism of migraine attacks remains unexplained, it is thought that an important role in it is played by serotonin receptors, vasodilation in certain regions and opening of arteriovenous communications in the head. Sumatriptan is an agonist of 5-HT1 -like receptors and exerts a selective vasoconstricting effect on the arteries of the head, particularly in the rami of the carotid artery. In 1988 the first reports appeared on the effectiveness of the drug in migraine attacks. In the following years extensive, multicentre and international studies of the drug were carried out on over 600 healthy volunteers and nearly 6000 patients with migraine. The studies demonstrated that Sumatriptan was effective in abortion of migraine attacks. After oral administration of 100 mg or subcutaneous injection of 6 mg in nearly 70% of cases the attack regressed or was greatly alleviated, similarly as other symptoms accompanying the headache such as photophobia, nausea, vomiting. Studies were undertaken also on the effectiveness of Sumatriptan in emergency treatment of cluster headache, and good results were again achieved. The tolerance of the drug is good, although in some cases side effects develop, usually transient and mild, among them tingling, feeling of pressure, heat or heaviness of the head or chest, taste change and burning sensation at the site of injection. Sumatriptan, similarly as all novel drugs, requires caution in its use, particularly in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension, and also in old patients. As yet, the use of the drug in paediatric migraine or in pregnancy is not recommended.
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PMID:[Sumatriptan and its use in treatment of migraine and cluster headaches]. 133 66

Bajiaolian (Dysosma pleianthum), one species in the Mayapple family, has been widely used as a general remedy and for the treatment of snake bite, weakness, condyloma accuminata, lymphadenopathy and tumours in China for thousands of years. However, the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine mention little about the toxicity of Bajiaolian. Within 1 year, the authors saw five people who manifested nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, abnormal liver function tests, sensory ataxia, altered consciousness and persistant peripheral tingling or numbness after drinking infusions made with Bajiaolian. The herb was recommended by either traditional Chinese medical doctors or herbal pharmacies for postpartum recovery and treatment of a neck mass, hepatoma, lumbago and dysmenorrhoea. Podophyllotoxin is one of the main ingredients of the Bajiaolian root. The clinical manifestations observed in our patients were consistent with podophyllum intoxication. Podophyllotoxin intoxication usually results from the accidental ingestion or topical application of podophyllum resin. However, these cases of Bajiaolian intoxication were iatrogenic and results from 'therapeutic doses' of Bajiaolian cited in the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine.
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PMID:Podophyllotoxin intoxication: toxic effect of Bajiaolian in herbal therapeutics. 136 Nov 36

From July 18 through November 27, 1989, 12 anaphylactoid reactions (ARs) occurred in 10 patients at a hemodialysis center in Virginia. One patient required hospitalization; no patients died. ARs occurred within minutes of initiating dialysis and were characterized by peripheral numbness and tingling, laryngeal edema or angioedema, facial or generalized sensation of warmth, and/or nausea or vomiting. All 12 ARs occurred with dialyzers that had been reprocessed with an automated reprocessing system. A cohort study, including all patients undergoing dialysis sessions on the six days when an AR occurred, showed that the patients who experienced ARs were significantly more likely than patients who did not to be treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (7/10 vs. 3/33; relative risk = 7.9; 95% confidence interval = 2.5 to 25.2) and to have been exposed to reused dialyzers rather than to new dialyzers (12/70 sessions vs. 0/31; P = 0.016). In those sessions using a reused dialyzer, the mean number of dialyzer uses in case-sessions was significantly higher than for noncase-sessions (10.3 vs. 6.2; P = 0.016). After reuse of dialyzers was discontinued at the center, no further ARs occurred, despite the continued administration of ACE inhibitors. This is the first report of an outbreak of ARs associated exclusively with reused dialyzers. We hypothesize that interactions between a dialyzer that has been repeatedly reprocessed and reused, blood, and additional factors, such as ACE inhibitors, increased the risk of developing ARs.
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PMID:Anaphylactoid reactions associated with reuse of hollow-fiber hemodialyzers and ACE inhibitors. 145 8

Two incidents of toxin-type food poisoning in N.E. Scotland associated with the consumption of red whelks (Neptunea antiqua) are described. Four patients developed symptoms within 1 h of consuming whole whelks. These included visual disturbances--double vision and difficulty in focusing--tingling of the fingers, prostration and in one subject nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and ataxia. In all cases recovery was complete in 24 h. Using a newly developed analytical technique the concentration of the causative toxin, tetramine, in the salivary glands of the whelks consumed was estimated at 0.07%, equivalent to a content of 3.75 mg/100 g of the shellfish.
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PMID:Food poisoning due to the consumption of red whelks (Neptunea antiqua). 318 22

This is the first report in which a marine mollusc, Oliva vidua fulminans (olives), generally not known to be poisonous, was responsible for death in five children after consuming boiled olives with tamarind. The onset of symptoms was rapid 10 to 20 min after consumption of the olives. Signs and symptoms included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tingling sensation around the lips, numbness around the mouth, drowsiness, lethargy and generalized weakness with paraesthesia in the limbs. The five deaths occurred within 3 to 4 hours after eating the poisoned olives and resulted from respiratory failure. Left-over olives from the affected household and freshly collected live olives had a toxicity of 14,200 mouse units (M.U.) and 15,000 M.U. per 100 g meat respectively. No other common chemical poison and organophosphorus insecticides were detected. The neurotoxic agent was acid and heat stable and was toxic at pH less than 4. Its action was similar to that of paralytic shellfish poisoning which was caused by toxins from certain dinoflagellates.
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PMID:Oliva vidua fulminans, a marine mollusc, responsible for five fatal cases of neurotoxic food poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia. 372

In a double-blind clinical trial with 20 patients suffering from endogenous depression statistically significant changes (improvement) were present in the scores of all assessment instruments. Although no statistically significant differences occurred between the groups, significant improvement on the HAM-D occurred earlier for amitriptyline and significant improvement occurred earlier on HAM-A for viloxazine. 2 patients were discontinued due to adverse reactions; one for nausea and vomiting while receiving viloxazine and one for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia while receiving amitriptyline. The same number of TES occurred for each group with seven unique to viloxazine (numbness, tingling, palpitation, ejaculation difficulty, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain and gustatory disturbances) and seven unique to amitriptyline (insomnia, irritability, syncope, tremor, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypertension and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia). Other than for 1 patient who developed syncope and orthostatic hypotension and the patient who developed paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, there were no clinically significant changes in pulse rate, blood pressure and weight. There were no clinical laboratory findings with either drug that were judged to be pathological.
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PMID:Viloxazine in the treatment of endogenous depression. A standard (amitriptyline) controlled clinical study. 718 72

A 32-year-old man developed a rash on his body and extremities following acute fever of a few days duration, and also noticed pain and spontaneous tingling sensations in his lower extremities. Because severe pneumonia with dyspnea and low arterial blood oxygen concentration were found on examination, he was admitted and treated. After recovering from pneumonia in two months, he complained of abdominal symptoms, such as constipation, nausea and vomiting, spontaneous tingling sensations in the lower extremities, and orthostatic dizziness and fainting. On neurological examination, a mild to moderate muscle weakness was found in the distal muscles of both extremities. The ankle jerk was absent. Both superficial and deep sensations were moderately to severely decreased in the feet with positive Romberg's sign. Constipation and vomiting with nausea were noted. Clinical and laboratory examinations revealed marked orthostatic hypotension and hypohidrosis. Motor and sensory conduction studies indicated the presence of axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination and remyelination in the limbs nerves. CSF examination indicated that protein was 150 mg/dl and the cell count to be 18/mm3. Titer of antibody to rubella virus was significantly elevated. There were no other abnormalities to indicate the cause of motor, sensory and autonomic neuropathies. Therefore, the diagnosis of acute polyradiculoneuropathy with autonomic disturbances after rubella infection, which is rare in the literature, was made.
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PMID:[A case of acute polyradiculoneuropathy with autonomic disturbances following rubella infection]. 826 90

The estuarine dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida gen. et sp. nov. produces exotoxin(s) that can be absorbed from water or fine aerosols. Culture filtrate (0.22 microns porosity filters, > 250 toxic flagellated cells/ml) induces formation of open ulcerative sores, hemorrhaging, and death of finfish and shellfish. Human exposure to aerosols from ichthyotoxic cultures (> or = 2000 cells/ml) has been associated with narcosis, respiratory distress with asthma-like symptoms, severe stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting, and eye irritation with reddening and blurred vision (hours to days); autonomic nervous system dysfunction [localized sweating, erratic heart beat (weeks)]; central nervous system dysfunction [sudden rages and personality change (hours to days), and reversible cognitive impairment and short-term memory loss (weeks)]; and chronic effects including asthma-like symptoms, exercise fatigue, and sensory symptoms (tingling or numbness in lips, hands, and feet; months to years). Elevated hepatic enzyme levels and high phosphorus excretion in one human exposure suggested hepatic and renal dysfunction (weeks); easy infection and low counts of several T-cell types may indicate immune system suppression (months to years). Pfiesteria piscicida is euryhaline and eurythermal, and in bioassays a nontoxic flagellated stage has increased under P enrichment (> or = 100 micrograms SRP/L), suggesting a stimulatory role of nutrients. Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates have been tracked to fish kill sites in eutrophic estuaries from Delaware Bay through the Gulf Coast. Our data point to a critical need to characterize their chronic effects on human health as well as fish recruitment, disease resistance, and survival.
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PMID:Insidious effects of a toxic estuarine dinoflagellate on fish survival and human health. 852 74

We report a 32-year-old man who developed cerebellar ataxia and a posterior fossa mass 12 years after the radiation therapy for a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The patient was well until 19 years of the age when he had an acute onset of vertigo and vomiting. A spinal tap was performed and the CSF was bloody. He was admitted to another hospital where an arteriovenous malformation was found in the cerebellum by angiography. Four years after the onset, he developed tingling sensation in the distribution of the second division of the right trigeminal nerve. He was admitted to the neurosurgery service of our hospital where the cerebellar AVM was confirmed. He was transferred to University of California where Bragg peak stereotaxic radiotherapy was successfully performed; this utilizes high energy alpha-ray produced by a cyclotron. Three years after the radiotherapy, marked reduction in the size of the AVM was confirmed by angiography. Twelve years after the onset of his initial symptom, he noted unsteadiness of gait. He was readmitted to our neurosurgery service where obstructive hydrocephalus was found. He was treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunting and placement of a Ommaya reservoir. After these therapy, he noted marked improvement in his gait and ataxia. However, in 1993, his unsteadiness of gait recurred, and he was again admitted to our neurosurgery service on June 20, 1993. On admission, T1-weighted MRI revealed a slightly low signal intensity mass lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere compressing the brain stem; a spotty high signal intensity lesion and another small low intensity lesion were seen within the mass. Vertebro-basilar angiograms revealed upward displacement of the superior cerebellar arteries. No arteriovenous nidus was visualized. On July, 3rd, the cyst was surgically drained and the Ommaya reservoir was removed. Post-operative course was uneventful, however, he developed head tremor after the surgery. Neurologic examination on July 20, 1993 revealed an alert and well oriented man in no acute distress. General physical examination was unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed no dementia; higher cerebral functions appeared intact. The optic discs were flat, and visual fields were intact. Ocular movements were full but convergence was restricted. Horizontal gaze nystagmus was noted more in the right lateral gaze. Pupils were intact. Facial sensation and facial muscles were intact. Hearing was normal. His voice was of nasal quality. Pharyngeal reflex was diminished. The tongue showed deviation to the left without atrophy. Head tremor at 5 c/s was noted. He was able to stand with support but was unable to walk. No muscle atrophy or weakness was noted. The finger-to-nose and the heel-to-knee tests showed dysmetria and decomposition more on the right. Rapid alternating movements were ataxic on the right. Muscle tone was diminished on the right. Muscle stretch reflexes were normally elicited and were symmetric. The plantar response was flexor bilaterally. Sensation was intact. On July 21, a posterior fossa exploration was performed. After the surgery, he was treated with 30 mg/day of alotinolol which showed no effect on his head tremor. He was then treated with gradually increasing doses of clonazepam; when he received 8 mg/day of clonazepam, his tremor showed marked improvement. He was discussed in a neurologic CPC on the nature of the posterior fossa lesion and his tremor. Opinions were divided between delayed radiation necrosis and a radiation-induced brain tumor. The chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had delayed radiation necrosis compressing the brain stem and cerebellar hemispheres. Regarding the nature of his tremor, he thought that his head tremor was of cerebellar type of postural tremor. Histologic examination of the biopsied specimen revealed accumulation of relatively fresh blood constituents in the deep area of the cerebellum forming a mass. Most of the
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PMID:[A 32-year-old man who developed a posterior fossa mass 12 years after the radiation therapy for cerebellar arteriovenous malformation]. 867 25

A 37-year-old Hispanic woman complained of having awakened with a tingling sensation, followed by sudden weakness, in both legs. A month earlier, she had experienced heart palpitations but had not had chest pain or dyspnea. She had lost 10 lb in the last two months despite an increased appetite and no polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting, or diarrhea.
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PMID:A woman with sudden paralysis. 952 29


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