Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A single dose toxicity of calcipotriol (MC903), an anti-psoriasic agent, administered subcutaneously (s.c.) and percutaneously (p.c.) was studied in Slc:SD rats (s.c. and p.c.) and beagle dogs (s.c.). The LD50 values of MC903 were as follows: rats, 2.19 mg/kg in males and 2.51 mg/kg in females by s.c., and more than 15 mg/kg in both sexes by p.c.; dogs, more than 1.5 mg/kg in males by p.c. No sexual difference was noted in LD50 values of rats. Death of rats was observed from 1 to 3 days after administration by both routes. Dead animals showed decreases in body weight and locomotor activity, reddish tear, abnormal gait and dirty hair by both routes. Furthermore, dead animals administered by s.c. showed salivation, nasal discharge, piloerection, ptosis, diarrhea, urorrhea, nasal and vaginal bleeding, subnormal temperature, loose stool, cyanosis, irregular and deep respirations, clonic and tonic convulsions. Survival of rats showed similar signs to those of dead animals except for nasal discharge, nasal and vaginal bleeding, cyanosis, agonal respiration and convulsion. Discoloration of the kidney, white patch of the heart and a dilatation of the stomach wall were observed on macroscopic examinations. No mortalities were observed in dogs which showed vomiting, conjunctival congestion, circumoral and auricular reddenings, periblepharal purplish reddening, decreases in locomotor activity and defecation, emaciation, eye discharge, skin desquamation of treated area and an increase in respiration. On macroscopic examination, desquamation of the skin, reddening of the circumoral mucosa, pale gray yellow striations in renal tubules of the cortex and discoloration of the thyroid were observed. Histopathological findings revealed epidermal thickening with parakeratosis, fibrocytes, hypertrophy and hypersecretion of the sebaceous and sweat glands, formation of epitheloid glanulomas and infiltration of neutrophils in the subcutaneous tissues. Furthermore, moderate calcium deposits in the renal tubules, fatty cells and slight calcium deposits in interstitial tissues of the thyroid, and a cystic nest of an ectopic intestinal epithelium between muscle layers of the duodenum were observed at the highest dose. On the basis of results obtained in the present study, rats administered MC903 by s.c. or p.c. died probably due to the circulatory and renal disturbance resulted from effects of this drug on the heart and kidney.
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PMID:[Single dose toxicity studies of calcipotriol (MC903) in rats and dogs]. 874 15

The aim of the study was to examine criteria for ill children in child-care centers. A questionnaire on practices of exclusion/return of children according to specific signs and symptoms was mailed to the directors of care centers in central Israel. Thirty-six of the 60 questionnaires (60%) were returned by mail and the reminded were completed in personal visits to the CCCs achieving a response rate of 100%. About half (51.7%) used "common sense" and "personal feelings" to exclude children and to allow their return, and 29 (48.3%) used the guidelines of the Ministries of Education and Health or other authorities. The percentage of centers excluding children by signs/symptoms was as follows: high fever (>38 degrees C), 100%; low-grade fever, 76.7%; asthma exacerbation, 80.0%; heavy cough, 75.0%; eye discharge or conjunctivitis, 83.3%; diarrhea and vomiting more than twice per day, 100%; rash, 72.3%; otalgia, 46.7%; and infected skin lesion, 66.7%. Only four centers excluded children with head lice. Most centers required a physician's note on return of a child after high fever (76.7%), eye discharge or conjunctivitis (48.3%), and from 75 to 80%, respectively, for frequent vomiting and bloody or mucinous diarrhea. The results show that exclusion practices among child-care centers (CCCs) vary widely, suggesting the need for the establishment of a uniform exclusion and return policy in Israel, with distribution of clear, up-to-date guidelines on the prevention and control of communicable diseases to all day-care centers. In a simple way, this study identified attitudes concerning the exclusion/return of sick children in CCCs and was useful for the discussion of the related policy with CCCs responsible and national health and educational authorities.
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PMID:Exclusion of ill children from child-care centers in Israel. 1559 Feb 28