Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients may be intolerant of zidovudine for several reasons, the most prominent being hematologic toxicity. In vitro studies demonstrate that zidovudine is toxic to the myeloid and erythroid precursors in the bone marrow; at concentrations of zidovudine near those associated with the optimal antiviral effect in vitro, the proliferative capability of these progenitor cells is reduced 50%-70%. The clinical manifestations of anemia and leukopenia generally are time- and dose-dependent. Strategies for alleviating the hematologic toxicity of zidovudine include the use of hematopoietic growth factors, such as erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Myopathy, a recently recognized toxic effect of zidovudine, also appears to be time-dependent. Patients often complain of muscle weakness and discomfort and exhibit an associated elevation in creatine phosphokinase level; dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy generally is required. Some patients have experienced high fever, nausea, and vomiting; however, these effects are unusual and of unclear etiology. The substantial proportion of patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex receiving zidovudine who experience hematologic or muscular toxicity may benefit from treatment with new antiviral agents, such as dideoxyinosine, with toxicity profiles different from that of zidovudine.
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PMID:Zidovudine intolerance. 220 Oct 71

It is generally accepted that patients experience less discomfort with low osmolality contrast media (LOM) than with high osmolar media (HOM). Hard statistical facts from so called 'high quality' controlled trials, proving that more significant reactions such as vomiting, hives, urticaria or anaphylactic complications also are less common with LOM are, however, not readily available (3). One reason for this may be that most of the well designed controlled studies performed may have been tailored by the drug manufacturer for a specific purpose: to fulfil the format requirements for registration by the licensing governmental authorities. For this the sponsor, to save time, usually engages several medical centres, each only performing 15 to 60 studies (4). Materials of such a size are of course much too small to reveal any change in the frequency of a complication occurring with an incidence of only a few per cent or less. The absence of a statistically significant difference in such low incidences of complications does not justify any conclusion. The question then arises: how big a material would be needed to obtain a fair chance to statistically verify a clinically highly important decrease in the incidence of a complication from, for instance, 10 to 5 per cent? This paper deals with such questions.
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PMID:The significance of 'no significant difference'. 220 33

In the attempt to correlate clinical findings with serum levels of aldrin, sixteen patients were followed-up after acute intoxication by this agent. Eight of them, males and females, aged from 1 to 37 years, presented no or light symptoms (some discomfort and nausea). The serum of one of these patients was found to contain 16.6 ppb of aldrin and that of another, 1.41 ppb of dieldrin. A group of five patients, aged from two to 30 years, showed symptoms of moderate severity, reporting nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dyspnea, sweating, mild jerking, rise in blood pressure and convulsions. Of these cases, two were accidental and three were attempted suicides, the majority achieving complete recovery within 24 hours. Serum levels of aldrin were between 6.98 ppb and 26.3 ppb and of dieldrin between 82.00 and 314.18 ppb. We found three severe cases, aged from 21 to 35 years, two attempted suicides and one occupational case. Two of these patients died and one of them presented hypothermia, coma, absence of reflexes and generalized convulsions, and another presented abdominal pain, paleness, sweating, cold extremities, dyspnea, hyperthermia and generalized convulsions. In the first one that died the serum levels were: of aldrin 30.00 ppb and of dieldrin 720 ppb. In the other levels of 747.3 ppb of aldrin and 1,314.00 ppb of dieldrin were found. The third had less serious symptoms and presented serum levels of aldrin of 31.05 ppb and of dieldrin 147.11 ppb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute poisoning by aldrin: relationship between serum levels and toxic effects in humans]. 221 74

We sought to determine the effects of Trichinella spiralis infection on small intestinal motor activity in the fasted state in dogs and relate it to clinical symptoms during the intestinal phase of trichinosis. Motor activity was recorded by strain gauge force transducers. Infection with T. spiralis resulted in a significant increase in the incidence and proximal origination of giant migrating contractions (GMCs) during the first 5 days postinfection. This was also the time when the dogs had diarrhea. The dogs were often restless and showed signs of discomfort during proximally originating GMCs. The incidence of retrograde giant contractions (RGCs) increased significantly on the 2nd and 3rd day postinfection. RGCs were followed by vomiting 71% of the time during infection. The migrating motor complex cycle length increased significantly, and this was due to intestinal "amyogenesia" and "dysmyogenesia". During these phenomena, electrical control activity was almost completely obliterated in the proximal half of the small intestine (amyogenesia) and became irregular and unstable in the distal half (dysmyogenesia). Intestinal amyogenesia and dysmyogenesia lasted up to 4 h and were terminated by a GMC. We conclude that diarrhea induced by T. spiralis infection is closely associated with an increase in the incidence and proximal origin of GMCs. These GMCs may also be the motor correlates of abdominal cramping and pain during the intestinal phase of trichinosis.
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PMID:Effect of T. spiralis infection on intestinal motor activity in the fasted state. 224 Feb 13

In an open randomized study including 51 consecutive patients with gynaecological malignancies sucralphate was daily administered to patients receiving pelvic irradiation. Sucralphate, an aluminium hydroxide complex of sulphated sucrose used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, seems to be of value in preventing radiation-induced bowel discomfort. The most objective parameter, frequency of diarrhoea was almost 50% less in the sucralphate groups as compared to the controls. The patients receiving sucralphate in general displayed only minor alterations in bowel habits even at the end of the radiation treatment. The number of patients requiring symptomatic therapy with loperamide were markedly lower in the sucralphate group. Subjective discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite were also less common. A reduction in acute reactions to irradiation increases the possibility of carrying through planned treatment and avoids unfavourable intermissions, and thus curing the patient with cancer in the pelvis by means of radiotherapy.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of sucralphate in radiation induced diarrhea. An open randomized study in gynecological cancer patients. 224 14

In 1970, this patient was first reported after her massive ventral hernia was repaired. Her large omphalocele was initially covered with skin flaps as a newborn, and at 3 years of age the resulting ventral hernia was completely repaired using the staging technique described by Schuster, and modified by Plzak and Gross. Silon sheeting was used as a temporary prosthesis. She remained well until 1988 (age 23 years) when she became pregnant with the expected date of confinement January 10, 1989. The first two trimesters were uneventful with sonograms showing a normal male fetus who was gaining weight appropriately. By the third trimester the abdominal girth did not increase coincident with the baby's size, vomiting prevented adequate caloric intake, and pelvic pressure from the baby's head caused increasing discomfort. She spent 7 weeks in the hospital on intravenous therapy, including peripheral total parenteral nutrition, and delivered vaginally, with the aid of forceps, a 2.9-kg normal boy 5 weeks prematurely. This is the first reported case of a large omphalocele patient conceiving and delivering a normal fetus. It also demonstrates the potential problems related to multiple surgical procedures to close a large congenital abdominal wall defect.
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PMID:A 24-year follow-up of a large omphalocele: from Silon pouch to pregnancy. 227 38

Activated lymphocytes are administered to patients as a component of many biological therapy clinical trials. Oncology nurses caring for these patients need to understand administration techniques, potential side effects, and management strategies. Activated lymphocytes may be administered intravenously or regionally; administration techniques and side effects differ depending on the route of administration. The major side effects with intravenous infusion are chills/rigors, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, respiratory compromise, headache, nausea, and vomiting. When activated lymphocytes are infused regionally, the most common side effects are immediate regional discomfort and delayed chills, fever, and hypotension. Management of these side effects involves intense nursing care including assessment, monitoring, and interventions to promote medical stability and symptom control. Astute assessment skills and sound nursing judgement are essential for the safe administration of activated lymphocytes.
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PMID:Nursing care of patients receiving activated lymphocytes. 231 82

A new sulfate-free polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (SF-ELS) for colonoscopy was formulated to taste better and have less net water and electrolyte secretion and absorption than a standard polyethylene glycolelectrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS). At two centers, 157 patients were prospectively randomized to receive SF-ELS or PEG-ELS to assess adequacy of preparation, patient tolerance, weight changes, and various hematologic and biochemical parameters. Physician assessment of colon cleansing showed no difference between those patients receiving SF-ELS (N = 74) or PEG-ELS (N = 78). Eighty-two percent of all preps were found to be "clinically acceptable." Subjects receiving SF-ELS had significantly less fullness and cramps, while PEG-ELS subjects reported less nausea. There was no difference between groups for vomiting, overall discomfort, or willingness to repeat the preparation received. Eighty percent of all patients would repeat the randomized cleansing methods. There were no clinically significant changes in weight or assessed laboratory parameters, with the exception of potassium where PEG-ELS patients had an mean decrease of 0.22 mEq/liter vs. 0.01 mEq/liter for SF-ELS (p less than or equal to 0.01). Patient taste questionnaires in those patients expressing a preference showed a preference for SF-ELS (76.6%) over PEG-ELS (23.4%) (p less than or equal to 0.001). Thirty-two (22.5%) of total respondents indicated no preference. We conclude that SF-ELS when compared with PEG-ELS is similarly a safe and effective method of colon cleansing for colonoscopy that is well tolerated. Patients prefer the taste of the new solution.
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PMID:Comparison of a new sulfate-free polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution versus a standard solution for colonoscopy cleansing. 236 14

Double-pigtail stents are placed commonly in patients before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to prevent ureteral obstruction from steinstrasse. The use of double-pigtail stents in lithotripsy patients with a moderate stone burden was studied in a prospective randomized trial. Patients with unilateral renal stone(s) with at least 1 diameter between 7 and 25 mm. were eligible for the study. Fifty patients were randomized to a control or stented group. Double-pigtail stents with an attached suture were placed immediately before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the stented group. Stents were removed by the patients 1 week after lithotripsy. A survey on pain and associated symptoms was completed by patients at 1 and 14 days after treatment. There was no statistical difference in flank or abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, temperature or use of analgesics at 1 and 14 days after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the control and stented groups. All patients in the stented groups complained of side effects attributable to the stent including urinary frequency and urgency, bladder pain, hematuria and flank pain with urination. Of 25 patients with stents 7 (27%) had early removal because of severe irritation, early migration or accidental removal. Among the patients with follow-up x-rays 1 month after treatment 17 of 21 (81%) in the control group and 12 of 19 (63%) in the stented group showed no evidence of remaining stones. The use of double-pigtail stents is not beneficial in patients with a moderate stone burden. Double-pigtail stents are associated with considerable patient discomfort but no decrease in symptomatic ureteral obstruction or final stone eradication rate.
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PMID:Use of double-pigtail stents in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. 240 62

Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was performed on 291 donors during apheresis. Twenty-one donors (7.2%) had clinical symptoms such as discomfort, nausea, chill, numbness, and paresthesia, and 13 of this group exhibited ECG abnormalities, such as tachycardia, bradycardia, and other abnormal wave patterns. The donors with tachycardia and slight bradycardia had no symptoms. Ten donors had moderate to severe bradycardia with pulse rates less than 50 beats per minute; four of them had severe bradycardia (less than 45 beats per minute), and three of the four exhibited severe hypotension, vomiting, fainting, or convulsion. Other abnormal ECG changes, such as supraventricular and ventricular premature contractions, right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation or ST segment depression, and tall, flattened, or inverted T waves were observed in 29 donors (10%). These changes were not associated with symptoms. Only three of these donors complained of discomfort or chest heaviness. The abnormal waves appeared more often in granulocytapheresis donors than in plateletapheresis donors.
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PMID:Abnormal electrocardiographic findings in apheresis donors. 245 70


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