Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 167 patients, who underwent cardiac surgery using topical ice slush, 21 (12.6%) were found to have phrenic nerve palsy postoperatively. In addition, two patients showed severe epigastric discomfort, such as nausea, vomiting and gastric distension. These symptoms were consistent with so called "gastric ileus", first reported by Spencer et al. The injury of thoracic vagi induced by topical ice slush might be related to the development of this complication.
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PMID:[So-called "gastric ileus" induced by the use of topical ice slush: report of two cases]. 132 73

Motility-like dyspepsia, a clinical subgroup of functional dyspepsia, refers to the cluster of symptoms which suggests an underlying motility disturbance of the upper gut. Characteristic symptoms, in addition to upper abdominal pain or discomfort, are nausea, vomiting, early satiety, anorexia, postprandial abdominal bloating and excessive repetitive postprandial belching. Patients with concomitant symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are currently excluded from this clinical entity. Delayed gastric emptying of solids and/or liquids, postprandial antral hypomotility and antroduodenal incoordination, gastric myoelectrical arrhythmias and dysfunction of visceral afferents are the major alterations in upper gut sensorimotor activity which have been described. An empirical trial of medical therapy is warranted if there are no "alarm" symptoms at presentation. If symptoms are not relieved after 2-4 weeks, then investigations of the upper gastrointestinal tract, preferably by endoscopy, to exclude the presence of organic disease, is advisable. Management approaches are then reassurance, dietary manipulations and attention to psychosocial aspects. Prokinetic agents appear to be useful as short-term medical therapy in some patients, but optimum long-term treatment strategies, including the use of medications which may improve a diminished tolerance to gut distension, are not established.
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PMID:Motility-like dyspepsia. Current concepts in pathogenesis, investigation and management. 144 83

Recently, it has been shown that changes in gastric electrical rhythm can be connected with clinical syndromes characterized by nausea and vomiting, among these the nausea of pregnancy. We studied gastric electrical activity during the first trimester of pregnancy in nine women with nausea and vomiting (study group) by means of cutaneous electrogastrography. Recordings were made before and after a standardized meal in the 6th-8th wk of gestation, and 2 months after voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP). The control group consisted of eight pregnant women without a history of nausea and vomiting. In the women in the study group there was more unstable cutaneous electrogastrographic (EGGc) activity and a reduced increase in postprandial power during pregnancy than after VIP, when a normal pattern with regular 3-cpm EGGc waves was reestablished. The coefficient of variation of gastric frequency during pregnancy was significantly higher than after VIP (p less than 0.01), whereas the postprandial to preprandial power ratio was lower (p less than 0.01). During the recording sessions, none of the subjects had clear episodes of tachygastria or bradygastria, and none of them had nausea, vomiting, or epigastric discomfort. Comparison of the EGGc data for the pregnant women in the study and control groups revealed a similar pattern of gastric electrical activity in the two, the only exception being the power ratio, which was lower in the study group (p less than 0.01). We conclude that pregnant women without symptoms of nausea and vomiting at the time of EGG recordings have normal 3-cpm myoelectrical activity, and that EGGc activity is more unstable and less responsive to the ingestion of food during pregnancy than after VIP. Furthermore, in pregnant women with a history of nausea and vomiting, EGGc activity is less responsive to the ingestion of food than it is in symptom-free pregnant women.
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PMID:Gastric myoelectrical activity in the first trimester of pregnancy: a cutaneous electrogastrographic study. 159 Mar 1

Acemannan, the USAN-accepted name for long-chain polydispersed beta-(1,4)-acetylated polymannose with interspersed 0-acetyl groups with a mannose monomer/acetyl ratio of approximately 1:1 and extracted from Aloe vera (barbadensis Miller), was administered as a 1.0 mg/ml solution to mice, rats and dogs, either as single dose or repeated at 4-d intervals for 8 doses by iv or ip routes. No significant signs of intoxication and no deaths occurred in animals treated with the single injection of acemannan at dosages of 80 mg/kg iv or 200 mg/kg ip in mice, 15 mg/kg iv or 50 mg/kg ip in rats, and 10 mg/kg iv or 50 mg/kg ip in dogs. On repeated injections systemic toxicity was limited to obvious transient discomfort that appeared dose related. There was accumulation of macrophages and monocytes without subsequent inflammatory reaction in lungs of the iv-treated animals, and in liver and spleen and on peritoneal surfaces of ip-treated animals. The effects were not considered adverse, but were consistent with the known immune stimulating activity of acemannan. A few deaths occurred in mice and rats that were suggestive of resulting from improper injection or sequella of necrosis of the injection site. The NOAELs for acemannan determined from these repeated injection studies were 20 mg/kg iv or ip in the mouse, 4.0 mg/kg iv and 50 mg/kg ip in the rat, and 1.0 mg/kg iv in dogs; 5.0 mg acemannan/kg ip in the dog was considered to be LOAEL, based on the emesis and abdominal discomfort induced.
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PMID:Toxicologic evaluation of injectable acemannan in the mouse, rat and dog. 160 84

We reviewed case histories of 40 pediatric-sized developmentally disabled patients who had previously participated in a study comparing the Nissen fundoplication with the Angelchik prosthesis for the surgical treatment of severe gastroesophageal reflux. Five of these patients had experienced erosions of the prosthesis into the gastrointestinal tract. These erosions were diagnosed between 2 years and 2 years 8 months following surgical insertion of the device. Erosions were associated with a variety of symptoms including vomiting, increasing discomfort, melena, anemia, coffee ground gastric residuals, and repeated small bowel obstructions. In no case was erosion associated with the development of peritonitis. Despite the documented advantages of the Angelchik prosthesis, the 12.5% erosion rate in this patient population is excessive. We recommend that use of the Angelchik prosthesis is not advisable in pediatric-sized developmentally disabled patients.
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PMID:Erosions of the angelchik prosthesis in pediatric-sized developmentally disabled patients. 171 76

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric (IG/IH) nerve block and intravenous fentanyl for pain control following inguinal herniorrhaphy in pediatric outpatients. Seventy-five ASA physical status I and II children (aged 1 to 10 yr) with unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received IG/IH nerve block, using 0.25% bupivacaine (1 mg/kg) immediately after induction. Group B received intravenous fentanyl (1 microgram/kg) immediately after induction. Group C received only general anesthesia as control. At postanesthetic care unit (PACU), we recorded the degree of pain/or discomfort at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min using modified Hannallah's scoring system after the patient was fully awake. The degree of recovery was also evaluated using Steward's scoring system. After discharge, the parents were interrogated about the condition of child within 24 h by telephone. Follow-up items raised included vomiting, drowsiness, pain and shivering. Our results showed that children in both study groups had lower pain score than those in the control group, and in the fentanyl group children had lower pain score than in the nerve block group during the first 30 min at PACU. The recovery time was also longer in the fentanyl group. There was no significant difference among the three groups regarding the raised items over telephone interrogation. In sum, inguinal nerve block was effective for postoperative pain relief in children undergoing inguinal herniorraphy. We also suggested that small dose of intravenous fentanyl would serve as an easy, simple and effective means for relieving postinguinal herniorrhaphy pain during the first 30 min of the initial postoperative period.
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PMID:Comparison of inguinal nerve block and intravenous fentanyl in relieving postinguinal herniorrhaphy pain for pediatric outpatients. 175 50

An outbreak of Gnathostoma larva migrans occurred among guests of a New Year's party in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Nine people who consumed a raw fish dish called 'Hu-sae' contracted the disease. Five of them developed gastro-intestinal symptoms consisting of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea as early as within the first 24 hours, while in the other four, symptoms started on the following day. After the initial symptoms pertaining to the gut, malaise, chest discomfort, cough, myalgia, weakness, itching and migratory swellings were experienced. Eosinophilia was demonstrated in every patient with a mean (+/- SE) count of 5,516 +/- 1,010 cells/cu mm. Detection of antibody against aqueous extracts of G. spinigerum adult antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a titer of 1:1,600 or greater in every patients except one who had a titer of 1:400 (positive greater than or equal to 1:400). This outbreak illustrates the high attack rate when heavily infected fish are consumed.
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PMID:Gnathostoma larva migrans among guests of a New Year party. 182 91

A phase I trial of Roussel-Uclaf recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL 2) was performed on 31 cancer bearing patients of the Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, and the Institut Curie, Paris. This study allowed to define a schedule for administration of IL 2 in continuous infusion over 5 day cycles. This schedule is manageable in patients without major visceral failure. It is reproducibly feasible in conventional medical oncology units, without specialized intensive care facilities. Toxicities, although numerous, are acceptable for IL 2 doses below 24,000,000 IU/m2/day. There is a close relationship between secondary effect severity and IL 2 doses received. Main toxicities were: fever with chills, fatigue and general discomfort in 23 patients, nauseas and vomiting in 12, diarrhea in 10 and cutaneous rashes with erythema and dermal vascularitis in 13. One peculiar feature of this study was the minimal occurrence of manifestation related to leaky capillary syndrome prominant in other studies. Oliguria, functional renal failure and edema were observed in only 4 patients with functionally unique kidney. Five patients had severe anemia, 2 grade III thrombocytopenia, 1 grade IV hepatic cytolysis, 4 severe confusion episodes and 2 hypothyroidism with anti-thyroid microsome auto-antibodies. All these toxicities were reversible after withdrawal of IL 2 treatment. During this phase I trial, 3 therapeutic objective responses were observed, all 3 occurring in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with IL 2 doses equal to, or above 16,000,00 IU/m2/d. Recombinant IL 2 Roussel-Uclaf thus can be administered through a simple, manageable and efficient regimen.
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PMID:[Phase I trial of a recombinant human interleukin 2. Results in patients with disseminated solid tumors]. 182 63

In 25 patients (19 males and 6 females) suffering from chronic arteriopathy of lower extremities at Fontaine stage II, the clinical efficacy of picotamide was investigated in double blind, cross over placebo-controlled study. Patients were assigned randomly to the treatment with placebo or picotamide (900 mg/die) for three months and, after 15 days of wash-out, to the treatment with picotamide or placebo for the same period. Painfree walking distance and ankle/arm systolic pressure ratio improved significantly only during picotamide treatment. Laboratory monitoring revealed a significant decrease in platelet aggregation and an increase of fibrinogen degradation products only during picotamide treatment. Three patients during picotamide treatment referred transient gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea); however in no case the treatment was suspended because of the appearance of these symptoms. These results indicate that picotamide is an effective drug in the management of chronic arteriopathy of lower extremities.
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PMID:[The clinico-instrumental evaluation of the efficacy of picotamide in treating chronic obstructive arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. 188 58

We report on the clinical efficacy of a slow-release formulation of bromocriptine studied in a multi-center, double-blind trial using standard bromocriptine as the control. We randomly allocated enrolled patients (N = 243) to either the slow-release or normal bromocriptine group. Sixty of them were de novo patients. The maintenance dose of slow-release bromocriptine was 14.2 +/- 0.7 mg/d and that of standard bromocriptine 13.5 +/- 0.7 mg/d (mean +/- SE). The slow-release formulation was taken twice and the standard three times a day. Forty-one percent of the patients treated with the slow-release bromocriptine and 32% of the patients treated with the standard bromocriptine showed moderate or marked improvement in the global improvement rating. There were no serious side effects, and the frequency of vomiting and epigastric discomfort was lower in the patients treated with the slow-release bromocriptine. Clinical efficacies for tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and gait disturbance were comparable between the two drugs tested. The slow-release bromocriptine seems to be a valuable drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease with less severe side effects than regular bromocriptine.
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PMID:A multi-center, double-blind study on slow-release bromocriptine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 192 1


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