Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A specialist pediatric renal nursing service provides a link between hospital and home. Such support aims to reduce hospitalization and disruption to schooling and family routine. A 3-year prospective study monitored the progress and documented the nursing support to and contacts with 13 children (5 of whom were under 5 years of age) who commenced continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). Mean duration of CCPD was 14 months. Home and clinic contacts included telephone calls (65% of contacts), home, school, nursery, respite care, and community visits. Nine families received respite care from a home-care pediatric renal nurse, with children under 5 years receiving 68% of such visits. A total of 388 inpatient days were recorded. These included admission for catheter and dialysis training (125 days). hypertension (83 days), dialysis-related admissions (66 days), peritonitis (43 days), vomiting (31 days), and surgical procedures and infections (40 days). Nine peritonitis episodes occurred in 8 children (incidence 1 per 20 patient-months), and one death (cardiovascular collapse) occurred on CCPD. Seven children received a transplant, with the median waiting time for transplant being 7 months (range: 3-14 months). This study documents the spectrum of nursing support we have evolved to support children on CCPD and their families in the hope of reducing morbidity and hospitalization.
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PMID:Nursing contacts and outcomes in a pediatric CCPD program. 1064 41

An unusual case diagnosed as connective tissue-type mast cell leukemia with marked mastocyte infiltration into visceral organs in a seven-year-old female Curly-Coated retriever is presented. Acute circulatory collapse, emesis, diarrhea, abdominal enlargement, icterus, cyanosis, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, hepatomegary, ascites, and right ventricular enlargement were observed. Hematologic and biochemical examinations revealed mast cell leukemia, mature neutrophilia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia, hyperhistaminemia, renal and hepatic injuries. Mast cells were distributed systemically, but predominantly in the diaphragm and liver with a large mass among the serosa of ileum, cecum and colon. Mast cells were stained intensely by both safranin and berberine sulfate.
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PMID:Connective tissue-type mast cell leukemia in a dog. 1072 Jan 89

Meckel's diverticulum is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain and small bowel obstruction in adults. We present a case of a 31-yr-old man with recurrent vomiting and abdominal pain in whom the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum was not suspected until CT of the abdomen revealed multiple fluid-filled, dilated loops of ileum with distal collapse after normal abdominal radiographs. We suggest that CT may be helpful when the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum is suspected.
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PMID:Meckel's diverticulum causing intestinal obstruction. 1177 61

Hereditary angioedema is characterised by recurrent episodes of peri-orbital and peri-oral swelling which can cause an upper airway obstruction, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, and even hypotensive collapse. This potentially fatal condition is frequently misdiagnosed; its early recognition and appropriate treatment are thus important. We report a familial cluster of hereditary angioedema in a Chinese family and describe the clinical course of two patients.
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PMID:Hereditary angioedema in a Chinese family. 1184 98

Following ingestion of 30 mg of presumed benztropine (Cogentin) a 39-year-old male developed nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. His admission to hospital was soon followed by collapse and death. Histological examination, however, revealed increased numbers of mitotic figures in otherwise normal epithelial cells of the esophagus and bronchioles, a feature characteristic of colchicine toxicity. Subsequent toxicological analyses confirmed the presence of colchicine in the urine, but not in the blood. A dispensing error had resulted in substitution of colchicine for Cogentin. Histological findings had, therefore, provided evidence of colchicine toxicity and had guided subsequent toxicological evaluation. In suspected cases of colchicine toxicity, histological samples should, therefore, be taken from multiple sites along the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract in addition to other organs and tissues so that diagnostic morphological changes can be looked for.
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PMID:Epithelial cell mitotic arrest--a useful postmortem histologic marker in cases of possible colchicine toxicity. 1208 92

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of several psychiatric disorders in both children and adults. We present two patients with hydrocephalus and learning difficulties who were admitted to the neurosurgical unit with a suspected cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction and raised intracranial pressure. They had both been commenced on risperidone for the treatment of aggressive outbursts. Twelve days after commencing risperidone, the first patient developed symptoms of headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, lethargy and two episodes of collapse. The second patient presented with similar symptoms 4 days after his risperidone dose was increased. An unnecessary shunt exploration was averted in both cases when it was noted that the side-effect profile of risperidone mimicked exactly those of shunt malfunction. Discontinuation of the drug resulted in complete resolution of all symptoms within 72 h. Many patients with shunted hydrocephalus have associated developmental disorders that may warrant treatment with risperidone. Clinicians should be aware of the potential symptom overlap between shunt malfunction and risperidone side-effects in these patients.
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PMID:Side-effects of risperidone therapy mimicking cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction: implications for clinical monitoring and management. 1209 77

Wasp stings generally cause local reactions like pain, wheal, flare, edema and swelling, which are generally self-limiting. Multiple stings can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, generalized edema, dyspnea, hypotension, collapse, renal failure or death. Unusually, they may cause serum sickness, vasculitis, neuritis or encephalitis. We report a case of a 40 year old male who developed focal neurological deficit 10 hours following a wasp sting, which was confirmed to be ponto-cerebellar infarction on MRI scan, and recovered within five days.
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PMID:Wasp sting induced neurological manifestations. 1239 66

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, and non-irritating gas formed when carbon in fuel is not burned completely. It enters the bloodstream through the lungs and attaches to hemoglobin (Hb), the body's oxygen carrier, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and thereby reducing oxygen (O(2)) delivery to the body's organs and tissues. High COHb concentrations are poisonous. Central nervous system (CNS) effects in individuals suffering acute CO poisoning cover a wide range, depending on severity of exposure: headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, disorientation, confusion, collapse, and coma. At lower concentrations, CNS effects include reduction in visual perception, manual dexterity, learning, driving performance, and attention level. Earlier work is frequently cited to justify the statement that CO exposure sufficient to produce COHb levels of ca. 5% would be sufficient to produce visual sensitivity reduction and various neurobehavioral performance deficits. In a recent literature re-evaluation, however, the best estimate was that [COHb] would have to rise to 15-20% before a 10% reduction in any behavioral or visual measurement could be observed. This conclusion was based on (1) critical review of the literature on behavioral and sensory effects, (2) review and interpretation of the physiological effects of COHb on the CNS, (3) extrapolation from the effects of hypoxic hypoxia to the effects of CO hypoxia, and (4) extrapolation from rat behavioral effects of CO to humans. Also covered in this review article are effects of chronic CO exposure, the discovery of neuroglobin, a summary of the relatively new role for endogenous CO in neurotransmission and vascular homeostasis, groups which might be especially sensitive to CO, and recommendations on further research. The interested reader is directed to other published reviews of the literature on CO and historically seminal references that form our understanding of this ubiquitous gas.
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PMID:Carbon monoxide and the nervous system. 1266 97

Lactic acidosis (LA), a rare but life-threatening adverse effect associated with antiretroviral therapy, has been reported with an increasing frequency since the mid-1990s. From June 1994 to June 2002, a total of six patients, four males and two females with a median age of 43 years (range, 30 to 74 years), had been diagnosed with LA. The estimated incidence of LA was 5.1 per 1000 patient-years (PYs) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.5-5.5 per 1000 PYs) and 4.4 per 1000 PY on nucleoside analogues (NAs) (95% CI, 3.9-4.7 per 1000 PYs). Their median body mass index at diagnosis of LA was 17.6 kg/m(2) (range 16.3 to 22.6 kg/m(2)). The median CD4+ lymphocyte count at the initial diagnosis of HIV infection and at the onset of LA was 38 cells/ micro L (range, 4 to 103 cells/ micro L) and 108 cells/ micro L (range, 79 to 224 cells/ micro L), respectively. The most common symptoms were nausea, vomiting, and dyspnoea. All of the patients had findings suggestive of NA-related mitochondrial toxicity, such as myositis, pancreatitis, fatty hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy or lipodystrophy. The prescribed NA related to LA were stavudine in six patients, lamivudine, five, and didanosine, one. Despite treatment, all patients died of persistent circulatory collapse following LA. The median duration from diagnosis to death was eight days (range, 4-17 days). Our report highlights that clinicians caring for patients with AIDS should be alerted to the potentially fatal LA associated with antiretroviral therapy when patients present with low body mass index, lipodystrophy, unexplained abdominal symptoms, dyspnoea, or elevated aminotransferases.
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PMID:Fatal lactic acidosis associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection in Taiwan. 1507 19

A young woman with polydipsia died suddenly while receiving a normal saline drip in a hospital for psychiatric care. Slight symptoms due to water intoxication, more specifically, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, appeared and her serum sodium and potassium measured 106 and 1.7 mEq/l, respectively. General convulsions are thought to be the most common result of water intoxication in emergency cases, however, when she was found with circulatory collapse, no severe neurological symptoms were present. The cause of her collapse did not seem to be due to hyponatremia but to hypopotassemia. Although epinephrine is contraindicated with some psychiatric drugs, the doctor used it to raise blood pressure in treating circulatory collapse. It is possible that epinephrine induced cardiac arrest.
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PMID:A sudden death during a saline drip in a schizophrenic patient with polydipsia. 1523 Dec 91


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