Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on experiences from anaesthesia of approximately 7000 cats in a four year period the effects of a combination of 20--25 mg/kg Ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg Xylazine given i/m are described. In the present study the Xylazine has been applied in considerably lower doses, compared with previous reports on these drugs, and this change has reduced the unwanted side effects, without at the same time reducing the effect on the muscular tension and the psychical disturbances induced by the Ketamine. Ketamine and Xylazine were given in one injection after being taken in the named sequence and mixed in the syringe. Indication for anaesthetizing the cats were, besides routine surgery in the out-patient clinic, operations of weakened animals for pyometra, foreign bodies, intestinal invaginations with and without resection, removal of abdominal tumors and urolithiasis. Animals with impared liver function were not anaesthetized with these drugs due to the important role of liver metabolism in their excretion. In spite of the fact that the corneal and laryngeal reflexes normally persist, the combination of the two drugs allowed surgery in these organs after application of local anaesthetics as an extra precaution. Premedication with atropine has not been used routinely, and still only very few cases of increased salivation or vomiting have been observed. Aspiration has not been a complication and in the whole material, only 3 deaths have occurred, none of them with a specific post mortem finding besides shock. In these 3 cases the patient died later than 45 minutes after the injection and after ended surgery. Side effects ascribed to phenomena of interaction have not been observed. One cat was anaesthetized a number of times during pregnancy without any effect on the cat or its kittens. It is concluded, that the Ketamine/Xylazine combination, when mixed as prescribed gives a very safe and pleasant narcosis, and that side effects are minimized, if the corneas are moistened with an ophthalmic ointment and the patient is allowed to recover in dark and quiet surroundings.
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PMID:[Clinical use of ketamine-xylazine for anaesthesia in the cat (author's transl)]. 46 Nov 18

The authors report on their experience with anesthesia in 380 cases of induced abortion. Paracervical block was used in 39 cases, (10.2%), with no complications. General anesthesia was used in 3 different ways: 1) narcoanalgesia combined with propanidid and dextromoramide, used on 103 women (21.1% of cases), resulted in a large number of cases of vomiting; 2) narcoleptoanalgesia with propanidid, dextromoramide and droperidol, used on 143 patients, (37.6%), resulted in fewer cases of vomiting; and, 3) narcoanalgesia with CT 1341 and dextromoramide, used on 79 patients, (20.7%), resulted in an even smaller number of cases of vomiting.
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PMID:[Abortion and the use of anaesthesia. Observations after two years' experience (author's transl)]. 48 82

A retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive cases of ambulatory pediatric ophthalmic surgery was performed. The diagnoses included strabismus surgery, nasolacrimal duct probing, and excision of chalazion. The hospital stay was extended in only two cases and that was due to vomiting. This is a known side effect of halothane anesthesia and falls well within the known incidence of this occurrence. Ambulatory surgery appears to be a very viable method for short-stay surgery in children.
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PMID:Ambulatory pediatric ophthalmic surgery. 52 84

The findings of a study into the anti-emetic properties of domperidone are reported. When the drug was given prophylactically with either morphine or pethidine the study revealed that any anti-emetic property of domperidone was of short duration and that it would not be suitable as a prophylaxis against opiate-induced emesis. Domperidone is not being introduced into clinical practice in the United Kingdom on the basis of current study.
Anaesthesia 1979 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of the anti-emetic action of domperidone. 52 33

Seven hundred and twenty-two patients who received epidural analgesia during labour were delivered by Caesarean section. The block was extended in 554 patients to provide analgesia for surgery. In twenty-one cases incomplete analgesia necessitated general anaesthesia. The main complications were maternal hypotension (15.9%) and vomiting (17.1%). Almost all patients expressed enthusiasm for the technique.
Anaesthesia
PMID:The extension of labour epidural analgesia for Caesarean section. 53 48

Fibre-optic endoscopy of the upper gastro-intestinal tract has been successfully performed in 55 patients (60 examinations) with one complication related to general anaesthesia. Fifty-six of these examinations were performed under general anaesthesia in children ranging from 1 to 14 years. Four examinations were done without an anaesthetic. The instruments used were the Olympus GIF-K (forward oblique gastroscope) in the older children and the GIF-P2 (end-viewing paediatric gastroscope) in the younger patients. Indications for examination included gastro-intestinal bleeding, confirmation or exclusion of peptic ulceration as suspected on barium studies, persistent and recurrent vomiting, chronic abdominal pain, and the evaluation of gastro-oesophageal reflux. The need for careful selection of patients is emphasized since general anaesthesia is considered essential in the majority of chidren.
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PMID:Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy in chidren. 55 Apr 8

The antiemetic effects of droperidol, diphenidol, and placebo were compared in 210 patients subjected to minor gynecologic or urologic procedures. Atropine (0.6 mg), meperidine (1 mg/kg) body mass, and either droperidol (5 mg), diphenidol (40 mg), or 2 ml of 0.9% saline were administered IM, 1 hour before general anesthesia. Trial drugs were presented in coded ampules so that the study was conducted double-blind. Droperidol appeared superior to both diphenidol (p less than 0.01) and placebo (p less than 0.001) in the prevention of vomiting, and reduced the incidence of nausea when compared to saline (p less than 0.05). Forty-four patients experienced side effects, which occurred with similar frequency in the 3 groups studied.
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PMID:Nausea and vomiting after anesthesia and minor surgery. 56 92

Women (185) undergoing elective orthopedic surgery under balanced general anesthesia were given 5 or 10 mg of domperidone, 1.25 mg of droperidol, 10 mg of metoclopramide, or a saline placebo intravenously in a double-blind random fashion 5 minutes before the end of anesthesia to prevent postoperative vomiting. Administration of the same antiemetic was repeated intramuscularly during the first 24 hours postoperatively if the patient complained of nausea or retched or vomited. Sigificantly (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001), fewer of the patients given droperidol were nauseated (25%) or vomited (17%) in comparison with patients given saline (incidence of nausea was 55% and vomiting 40%). Incidences of nausea and vomiting were similar in patients given domperidone, metoclopramide, or saline. Furthermore, 39 to 45% of the patients given domperidone, metoclopramide, or saline needed additional doses of the same drug, whereas only 22% of the patient given droperidol required a second dose. It is concluded that droperidol is effective in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after balanced general anesthesia but that domperidone or metoclopramide are not.
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PMID:Comparison of domperidone, droperidol, and metoclopramide in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting after balanced general anesthesia. 57 64

Piflutixol, 6-fluoro-9-[3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino)propylidene]-2-trifluoromethyl-thioxanthene, has been shown to have pronounced neuroleptic properties. It is a very potent inhibitor of methylphenidate-induced stereotypies in mice, amphetamine and apomorphine-induced stereotypies in rats, apomorphine-induced stereotypies and vomiting in dogs. Furthermore piflutixol causes cataleptic reaction in small doses and inhibits conditioned avoidance reaction in rats. The compound is equally potent orally and parenterally and has a prolonged effect. Piflutixol has up to the present proved to be the most potent inhibitor of dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in rat striatum in vitro. Piflutixol has a stron sedative effect (inhibition of spontaneous motor activity, induction of ptosis and potentiation of barbiturate anaesthesia) and in addition inhibits reticular arousal reaction in very low doses. Thus piflutixol constitutes a unique combination of potent anti-stereotyped activity with potent sedative effects. This means that piflutixol may prove to be a low-dose basic neuroleptic with long duration of action.
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PMID:The pharmacology of a new potent, long acting neuroleptic, piflutixol. 57 63

A method of 'crash induction' using pancuronium and thiopentone was studied in 100 patients at risk from vomiting or regurgitation. The technique was inferior to thiopentone/suxamethonium in terms of time to intubation, activity of vocal cords and responses to stimuli during induction. Six cases gave difficulty with intubation due to poor relaxation. Only two patients had a fall in systolic blood pressure of more than 20% following induction. No regurgitation occurred. The technique may be suitable for skilled anaesthetists in cases when suxamethonium is relatively contraindicated, when large doses of pancuronium can be used or when hypotension is likely to follow induction.
Anaesthesia 1978 Jan
PMID:Thiopentone and pancuronium crash induction. A comparison with thiopentone and suxamethonium. 62 32


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