Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical signs and lesions of levamisole toxicosis include: nausea, vomiting, increased salivation, frequent urination and defecation, colic, dizziness, headache, muscle tremors, ataxia, anxiety, hyperesthesia with irritability, clonic convulsions, depression, rapid respiration, dyspnea, prostration, collapse, hemorrhages in the subepicardium and thalamus, enteritis, hepatic degeneration and necrosis, and splenic congestion. Most of these signs and lesions are similar to those observed in nicotine poisoning. Levamisole causes vasopressor and panting effects which are blocked by ganglionic blocking agents hexamethonium and mecamylamine but are not blocked by atropine. The vasopressor effect of levamisole is blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine and dibenamine; however, the respiratory effect of levamisole is not affected by these alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Repeated IV injections of levamisole cause a tachyphylactic response. With levamisole-induced tachyphylaxis, the effects of other ganglionic stimulants dimethylpiperazinium and nicotine are also abolished. Levamisole causes an electroencephalographic arousal which is antagonized by atropine sulfate and mecamylamine. There is also a structural similarity of levamisole to nicotine. These studies suggest that levamisole is a nicotine-like compound. Possible treatment of levamisole poisoning is discussed. Drug interactions of levamisole with organophosphates and anthelmintics, eg, pyrantel, methyridine, and diethylcarbamazine, are also discussed.
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PMID:Toxicity and drug interactions of levamisole. 721 95

Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, prostration, vomiting, and hepatomegaly were observed in an infant fed a carnitine-free soy formula. The extremely low plasma and urinary carnitine concentrations, elevated plasma free fatty acids, disproportionately low plasma beta hydroxybutyrate, and elevated urinary dicarboxylic acids, in the presence of a fatty liver, suggested that carnitine deficiency was the basis for this child's metabolic disturbance. When the infant was fed an enriched carnitine diet, remarkable clinical, biochemical, and histologic improvement was observed. The possibility that carnitine may be an essential nutrient for some infants is raised by the findings in this patient.
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PMID:Dietary-dependent carnitine deficiency as a cause of nonketotic hypoglycemia in an infant. 727 94

During the two war years, higher pregnancies were interrupted by 133 patients either for medical, social or ethical causes. To induce abortions, 15 methyl prostaglandin F2 was used. In advance, portions had been prepared (softened) with cervical application of prepidil gel in dose of 0.5 g. Starting eight to ten hours later Prostin 15 M was applied every 3 hours in dose of 250 mg. An average period from gel application to expulsion of ovulum was 30 hours by nullipara and 21 hours by patients who have delivered a child before. Due to strong uterotonic activity of these medicaments side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and prostration occurred several times. Serious complications were registered in 4 patients. Three of them suffered cervix rupture due either to insufficient preparation or external orifitium spasm. The fourth one had profuse bleeding due to secondary atonia. Ruptures were sutured and bleeding stopped with standard uterotonic and blood transfusion.
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PMID:[Frequency of induced abortions in mid-pregnancy at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in Sarajevo 1993-1994]. 775 93

This study in cats compared the effects of a natural prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and cabergoline, administered on and after day 30 after mating, with regard to the plasma progesterone concentration, the induction of abortion and the side effects of each regimen. PGF2 alpha, through a direct luteolytic action, induced abortion by an abrupt and rapid (24 h) decline in the plasma progesterone concentration. Using doses (2 mg per cat) comparable to the ones selected in a previous study, 100% of abortions (4/4) in cats treated from day 33 of gestation were obtained. Cabergoline (1.65 micrograms kg-1 day-1, administered subcutaneously for 5 days), through its antiprolactinic action induced abortion in 80% (4/5) of the cats treated on day 30 of gestation. The abortion was initiated by means of a reduction in plasma progesterone concentration to < 1 ng ml-1. This reduction was not as rapid (3-4 days), however, as that obtained with PGF2 alpha (24 h). Prostaglandins always induced significant side effects such as nausea, prostration, vomiting and diarrhoea, within 10 min following injection, whereas cabergoline never induced side effects or behavioural disturbances. In addition, cabergoline usually induced abortion through fetal resorption (75% of cases), without any clinical sign other than some vaginal discharge.
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PMID:Abortion induction in the cat using prostaglandin F2 alpha and a new anti-prolactinic agent, cabergoline. 822 56

We have carried out a retrospective study on 100 children in hospital in Marseilles, France with a diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. On admission, the main clinical features were anaemia (90 cases), fever (83 cases, > 40 degrees C in 22 cases), hepatomegaly (44 cases), vomiting (29 cases), neurological signs (22 cases), thrombocytopenia (13 cases), hyperparasitaemia (6 cases), jaundice (4 cases), shock (1 case) and hypoglycaemia (1 case). Severe malaria, as defined by the World Health Organization Malaria Action Programme, was rare in our study (only 2 cases) and the prognosis was good (no death, no sequela). The search for neurological signs such as impaired consciousness, prostration or convulsions is an effective and simple way to diagnose potentially severe cases. In the presence of these signs, intravenous quinine treatment resulted in a shortened duration of fever (30 h instead of 63 h) and thereby avoided patients becoming worse. In children without neurological signs or persistent vomiting, oral therapy may be used even if there is high fever or hyperparasitaemia, but close surveillance is required. Patients treated with halofantrine or mefloquine had a shorter stay in hospital than those treated with chloroquine (mean = 4 d instead of 5.7 d). The resistance of some strains to chloroquine may explain this difference.
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PMID:Choice of therapy for imported cases of falciparum malaria in children: a retrospective study of 100 cases seen in Marseilles, France. 846 3

From January 1984 to May 1994, 17 of 239 children under 15 years old stung by Tityus serrulatus (15.1%) or Tityus bahiensis (84.9%) presented severe envenoming. Of these 17 patients (1-11 years old; median = 2 yr) 14 were stung by T. serrulatus and three by T. bahiensis. All of them received scorpion antivenom i.v. at times ranging from 45 min. to 5 h after the accident (median = 2 h). On admission, the main clinical manifestations and laboratory and electrocardiographic changes were: vomiting (17), diaphoresis (15), tachycardia (14), prostration (10), tachypnea (8), arterial hypertension (7), arterial hypotension (5), tremors (5), hypothermia (4), hyperglycemia (17), leukocytosis (16/16), hypokalemia (13/17), increased CK-MB enzyme activity (> 6% of the total CK, 11/12), hyperamylasemia (11/14), sinusal tachycardia (16/17) and a myocardial infarction-like pattern (11/17). Six patients stung by T. serrulatus had depressed left ventricular systolic function assessed by means of echocardiography. Of these, five presented pulmonary edema and four had shock. A child aged two-years old presented severe respiratory failure and died 65 h after being stung by T. serrulatus. Severe envenomations caused by T. serrulatus were 26.2 times more frequent than those caused by T. bahiensis (p < 0.001).
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PMID:A comparative study of severe scorpion envenomation in children caused by Tityus bahiensis and Tityus serrulatus. 859 62

The authors report the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological aspects of a human case of jungle yellow fever. The patient suffered from fever, chills, sweating, headaches, backaches, myalgia, epigastric pains, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and prostration. He was unvaccinated and had been working in areas where cases of jungle yellow fever had been confirmed. Investigations concerning the yellow fever virus were performed. Blood samples were collected on several days in the course of the illness. Three of these samples (those obtained on days 5, 7 and 10) were inoculated into suckling mice in attempt to isolate virus and to titrate the viremia level. Serological surveys were carried out by using the IgM Antibodies Capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (MAC-ELISA), Complement Fixation (CF), Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and Neutralization (N) tests. The yellow fever virus, recovered from the two first samples and the virus titration, showed high level of viremia. After that, specific antibodies appeared in all samples. The interval between the end of the viremia and the appearance of the antibodies was associated with the worsening of clinical symptoms, including bleeding of the mucous membrane. One must be aware of the risk of having a urban epidemics in areas where Aedes aegypti is found in high infestation indexes.
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PMID:Jungle yellow fever: clinical and laboratorial studies emphasizing viremia on a human case. 859 63

Trichinellosis is caused by ingestion of insufficiently cooked meat contaminated with infective larvae of Trichinella species. The clinical course is highly variable, ranging from no apparent infection to severe and even fatal disease. We report two illustrative cases of trichinellosis. Returning to Denmark a few days after having eaten roasted pork in the Republic of Serbia, a female patient suffered from severe vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhoea, and later myalgia, arthralgia, generalized oedema, and prostration. A biopsy showed heavy infestation with Trichinella spiralis, 2000 larvae/g of muscle. Life-threatening cardiopulmonary, renal and central nervous system complications developed. The patient recovered after several months. Her husband, who also ate the pork, did not have clinical symptoms, but an increased eosinophil count and a single larva in a muscle biopsy confirmed infection. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of trichinellosis are reviewed.
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PMID:Trichinella infection and clinical disease. 893 84

Snakes of the Balkan peninsula represent an important part of the fauna of this part of Europe. Due to its biochemical complexity, snake venom cannot be compared with venoms of any other venomous animals. The primary effect of venoms of snakes of this region (Viperina) is local (myonecrosis and hemorrhage) and hemotoxic. Following the bite local signs occur very soon: pain, edema, erythema, signs of hemolysis as well as systemic: nausea, vomiting, hemorrhages in vital organs, sweating, prostration. Systemic manifestations following viperine bite, edema and hemorrhagic complications mostly disappear within a week, while coagulation disorders may persist for two or three weeks. The management of snake bites starts with application of a specific antitoxin, in our country being produced at the Institute of Immunology and Virology TORLAK in Belgrade.
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PMID:[Clinical picture and treatment of venomous snake bites in Yugoslavia]. 976 57

A retrospective study was conducted of 482 glyphosate calls recorded at the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires (CNITV) of France between 1991 and 1994. Most of the calls came from veterinary practitioners (83.8%) and were related to emergencies. In the majority of calls, the CNITV did not assess clinical observations as certain or highly probable glyphosate poisoning. Only 31 cases were assessed as certain or highly probable and were linked with direct ingestion of glyphosate concentrates or sprays in 25 dogs. The symptoms were most frequently described as vomiting, hypersalivation and diarrhea; prostration and paresis were not common. Symptomatic treatment resulted in rapid recovery without sequelae.
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PMID:Glyphosate toxicosis in domestic animals: a survey from the data of the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires (CNITV). 983 Jul


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