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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Observations made during endoscopic evaluation of the stomach, duodenum, and colon of 58 dogs and 17 cats with a history of regurgitation, vomiting, and/or diarrhea were compared with results of histologic examination of tissues obtained during the procedures. Endoscopic observations included normal mucosa, alternations in mucosal color and texture, and luminal masses. Although endoscopy alone is a useful technique for detecting alterations of the gastrointestinal mucosa, histologic assessment of tissues obtained is necessary to confirm either an inflammatory or a neoplastic process.
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PMID:Comparisons between endoscopic and histologic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs and cats: 75 cases (1984-1987). 230 90

The determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been shown to be as specific as alphafetoprotein (AFP) for the prenatal detection of open neural tube defects although AFP remains the method of choice. This paper describes a semi-automated technique for the analysis of acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid that: A) reduces the cost of the procedure; B) allows for a larger number of samples to be run at a time; and C) provides for more accurate and reproducible procedures and results. Six fetuses with neural tube defects (2 with gastroschisis and 3 where one twin was dead) were detected and found to have elevated AChE, TChE and 2 bands by electrophoresis. Quality control procedures using both pure enzyme and amniotic fluid with low and high levels of the enzyme are described. The analysis of 340 amniotic fluids of normal pregnancies indicates that the normal value for AChE is 5.17 +/- 2.63 mU/ml (97% confidence interval for the mean 4.84-5.49 mU/ml. A group of 27 abnormal pregnancies provides evidence that fetal vomiting and regurgitation, fetal demise, multiple cysts syndrome, idiopathic IUGR, arthrogryposis multiplex, hydrocephaly (stenosis of aqueductus), trisomy 21, trisomy 18, hydronephrosis, pyloric stenosis, heart malformation, ectopia cordis and multiple gestation produce elevated levels of pseudocholinesterase (PChE) in amniotic fluid. The use of pseudocholinesterase levels in amniotic fluid for prenatal diagnosis is proposed and discussed in view of its elevated levels in abnormal pregnancies where AChE is normal. The normal values for PChE are 23.86 mU/ml (mean) and 5.83 for standard deviation. Electrophoretic analysis was performed on all samples with values higher than one standard deviation above the mean.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Determination of cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid. Uses in prenatal diagnosis and quality control. 242 50

In an open study, the clinical efficacy of sulglycotide was tested in patients with non-ulcerous dyspepsia (NUD). Outpatients with dyspeptic symptoms of at least 3-months' standing were entered into the study; diagnosis was based on history, clinical findings and endoscopy. Forty-four patients could be evaluated after 8 weeks' treatment with sulglycotide (200 mg t.i.d. orally). Treatment results were checked endoscopically and on the basis of changes in subjective symptoms (heartburn, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, postprandial sense of fullness, eructations, regurgitation, all of which were quantified on an analogic scale from 0 = absent to 3 = intense). Treatment with sulglycotide led to marked and significant improvement of clinical symptoms of NUD (p less than 0.05 vs. baseline) and of macroscopic endoscopic findings recorded at entry. It is concluded that sulglycotide is a valid therapeutic choice for patients suffering from NUD.
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PMID:[Sulglicotide in non-ulcerous dyspepsia]. 252 69

The first case, a two-month-old female infant, had frequent vomiting since 5 days of age. Dilated esophagus with narrowed distal end was noted on barium meal study. Panendoscopic examination revealed dilated esophagus and a pin-head sized, stenotic lumen at 15 cm from the incisor. Under the impression of esophageal stenosis, gastrostomy was performed for feeding. Esophagogram made at 6 months of age demonstrated good patency of the esophagus without stenosis and gastrostomy was subsequently closed at the age of 1 year. Unfortunately, swallowing disturbance had bothered her intermittently since. Barium esophagogram and panendoscopy made 8 years later again revealed distal esophageal obstruction with dilated proximal esophagus. The second case was a two and half year old boy who suffered from frequent regurgitation of undigested food for 6 months. Dilated esophagus with narrowing of the lower end of esophagus was noted on barium meal study. After admission, panendoscopic examination revealed the esophagus was very narrow at 25 cm from incisor and the proximal esophagus was dilated. The esophageal dilatation with mercury-weighted bougies was performed intermittently. At present he is doing well, and a barium meal study showed adequate esophageal emptying.
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PMID:[Achalasia: report of two cases]. 263 99

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both psychosocial pathological eating disorders. An intense preoccupation with food, weight and a distorted body image coupled with a morbid fear of becoming obese are common elements in both syndromes. Self-starvation with extreme weight loss is associated with anorexia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is characterized by unrestrained eating sprees followed by purging, fasting or vomiting. Approximately 50% of anorexia nervosa patients also practice bulimia. The impact of eating disorders on the oral soft and hard tissues depends upon the diet as well as the duration and frequency of binge-purge behavior. Erosion of the teeth due to frequent regurgitation of highly acidic stomach contents is a common finding. Dental caries development is less predictable and appears to be diet- and oral hygiene-dependent. Painless enlargement of the parotid salivary glands is a common sequela of chronic vomiting but the pathophysiological cause has not been firmly established. The dehydration of the oral soft tissues due to salivary gland impairment in addition to dietary deficiencies and poor oral hygiene can adversely impact the health of the periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. Initial dental care is focused on discouraging behavior that is destructive to the oral tissues. Improved oral hygiene, the use of gastric acid-neutralizing antacid rinses and the daily application of topical fluorides can be useful in reducing enamel erosion. Extensive restorative oral rehabilitation should be postponed until the underlying psychiatric components of the disorder are stabilized.
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PMID:Dental aspects of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. 269 4

Thirty-one cases of esophageal achalasia were admitted to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 1981 and 1986. Eighteen male patients and 13 female patients, aged from 12 to 84 years old with an average of 39 years old, were included in this series. Their chief complaints were dysphagia (83.9%), postprandial vomiting (12.9%), and food regurgitation (3.2%). The symptoms are present for an average of 2.8 years (mostly between 0.5 and 2 years) before the diagnosis is made. The clinical signs and symptoms included dysphagia, postprandial vomiting, loss of body weight, food regurgitation, abdominal fullness, cough, chest pain, belching, and choking. The tentative diagnoses at admission were achalasia, esophageal stricture R/O achalasia, achalasia R/O esophageal cancer, and esophageal cancer. Laboratory examinations showed 90.3% with absence of the gastric air shadow in chest P-A view X-ray film. Typical birds-beat deformity in barium-meal esophagogram was seen in 100%, and during esophagoscopic examination, 25% (6/24) were without abnormal findings, 66.7% (16/24) had liquid and food stasis, 8.3% (2/24) had esophagitis. Manometry of esophagus was performed in 5 cases, all had positive abnormal patterns detected, such as aperistalsis of esophageal body and incomplete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter, but only 60% showed hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. In these 31 cases, 3 cases refused any treatment, 9 cases received medical therapy including drug therapy(9) and pneumatic esophageal dilatation(8), and 19 cases received surgical operations. Better swallowing improvement was obtained in the surgically treated group than in the medically treated patients during follow up period.
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PMID:[A clinical analysis of esophageal achalasia]. 277 66

The relevance of the upper gastrointestinal motility-stimulating effects of cisapride for the treatment of excessive regurgitation and vomiting in infants was studied in 137 patients aged less than 1 year. They were treated with placebo or with cisapride, 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg three times daily, for up to four weeks. In a dose-dependent fashion, cisapride significantly reduced the frequency and severity of regurgitation: after four weeks of treatment at 0.15 to 0.2 mg/kg, only about 20% of infants still had moderate or severe regurgitation, compared with about two thirds of those treated with placebo. Although only a few patients were followed up, the duration of treatment (four weeks) appeared to be long enough to minimize relapse. Side effects were limited to phenomena indicative of stimulated bowel motility.
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PMID:Effect of cisapride on excessive regurgitation in infants. 280 24

Clinical signs of esophageal hiatal hernia in four dogs and one cat included regurgitation, vomiting, hematemesis, hypersalivation, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Thoracic radiographs, esophagram, and fluoroscopy were used to demonstrate cranial displacement of the esophagogastric junction and part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus. Other findings included megaesophagus, esophageal hypomotility, gastroesophageal reflux, and pneumonia. Medical therapy failed to resolve the clinical signs. Reduction in size of the esophageal hiatus, fixation of the esophagus to the diaphragmatic crus (esophagopexy), and a left fundic gastropexy were performed. Surgical results were considered good to excellent.
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PMID:Hiatal hernia repair by restoration and stabilization of normal anatomy. An evaluation in four dogs and one cat. 281 56

The increased prevalence of bulimia has received great publicity by the news media. Such publicity predisposes individuals to self-diagnosis. A 57-year-old man with a 10-year history of food regurgitation presented to an eating disorder clinic complaining of bulimia, which he had heard discussed on a television talk show. He proved not to have bulimia but a large pharyngoesophageal (Zenker's) diverticulum. The diagnosis of bulimia may be misattributed to various symptoms by patients. The differential diagnosis of chronic regurgitation and vomiting must be considered in such patients.
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PMID:Non-bulimia: food regurgitation in a patient with self-diagnosed bulimia. 308 93

In a prospective clinical trial, 26 consecutive patients underwent endoscopic pneumatic dilatation over a 10-year period. Dilatation was achieved by means of a balloon attached to a normal gastrointestinal fiberscope. With the endoscope in an inverse position, the device was placed in the cardia and the dilatation process was monitored macroscopically. Before dilatation, patients suffered from dysphagia (92%), reduced speed of swallowing (100%), symptom aggravation under stress (73%), weight loss (50%), aspiration, pain, regurgitation, and vomiting. After dilatation and long-term follow-up (mean of 5 years), symptoms could be markedly reduced, especially the speed of eating and symptom aggravation under stress. Excellent and good results (Visick scale) were achieved in 76%. Fair results were achieved in 20%. To date, perforation and other complications have not occurred. Mortality was zero. Our series was an uncontrolled trial, so the results are hardly comparable to other studies. Furthermore, the small number of patients in our study represents a weak point with regard to complications. We conclude that the main advantages of the procedure are its simplicity and practicability. The simple procedure may be the method of choice in elderly patients. Of course, no final decision can be made until a well-designed controlled trial has been carried out.
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PMID:Long-term results of Troidl's technique of endoscopic pneumatic dilatation for achalasia of the esophagus. A prospective clinical trial. 333 76


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