Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Own data and analysis of previous publications show that situations where accidental ingestion of corrosive substances by children may have happened are frequent, but severe corrosive esophagitis leading to perforation or stricture formation is very rare. In case of suspected esophageal injury, esophagoscopy and glucocorticoid treatment become necessary. The evaluation of the initial symptoms in patients from our own material and from the literature indicates that all children with serious esophageal burns had one or more of the following symptoms: visible burns in the oral cavity, hypersalivation, retching, vomiting, retrosternal or epigastric pain, cardiovascular collaps, airway stenosis. Hence, children with an uncertain history of ingestion and without any of these symptoms need not be treated. After ingestion of liquid substances, but never of dry or granular products, lesions in the esophagus without accompanying burns in the oral cavity were observed. The evaluation of 1158 cases of accidental ingestions of several types of household products and a collection of data from the literature on the causticity of these substances shows that cleaners containing mainly detergents and phosphates (with pH values generally between 9 and 11), and household bleaches on sodium hypochlorite basis, are relatively harmless. Drain cleaners (NaOH), decalcifiers (formic acid) and detergents for automatic dish washing machines (metasilicates) are very caustic and are responsible for the majority of serious accidents in children.
 ...
PMID:Local injuries by accidental ingestion of corrosive substances by children. 2 63

The satiety effect of slow intravenous infusions of impure cholecystokinin (CCK) was investigated in 5 rhesus monkeys during sham feeding. CCK suppressed sham feeding. The dose for 50% inhibition of sham feeding was about 10 U/kg-hr; 20 U/kg-hr abolished sham feeding. No dose produced retching, vomiting, diarrhea or other behavioral signs of toxicity. These results demonstrate the potency of CCK for inhibiting feeding in the monkey when gastric, intestinal and postabsorptive mechanisms are not activated by ingested food.
 ...
PMID:Cholecystokinin suppresses sham feeding in the rhesus monkey. 11 72

In the dose range of 4.0--32.0 mg/kg s.c., caffeine produced most of the signs which are commonly seen after the administration of naloxone (0.05 mg/kg s.c.) to morphine-dependent monkeys. The signs designated as lying on side or abdomen, avoiding contact, vocalizing, crawling or rolling, restlessness or pacing, tremors, retching, vomiting, coughing, vocalizing when abdomen palpated, rigid abdomen and salivation were noted. A randomized and blind experimental design, which included vehicle and positive (naloxone) controls was used. The significance of the differences between total scores for the whole syndrome was tested by the Mann-Whitney U-test. In preliminary studies in naive monkeys, caffeine was found to elicit some withdrawal signs but the results were equivocal. Na benzoate also elicited some withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent monkeys at 32.0 mg/kg s.c., but few signs were seen in naive monkeys. Caffeine was found to be approximately 10X more active than Na benzoate in inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in a neuroblastoma cell whole homogenate assay. These results are consistent with the observations of Collier and Francis that morphine abstinence in rodents is associated with increased brain levels of cAMP.
 ...
PMID:Caffeine elicited withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. 21 Oct 41

Fifteen patients with osteogenic sarcoma receiving high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy were studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral and smoked delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as an antiemetic. Each patient served as his or her own control. Fourteen of 15 patients had a reduction in nausea and vomiting on THC as compared to placebo. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the number of vomiting and retching episodes, degree of nausea, duration of nausea, and volume of emesis (P less than 0.001). There was a 72% incidence of nausea and vomiting on placebo. When plasma THC concentrations measured less than 5.0 ng/mL, 5.0 to 10.0 ng/mL, and greater than 10.0 ng/mL, the incidences of nausea and vomiting were 44%, 21%, and 6%, respectively. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol appears to have significant antiemetic properties when compared with placebo in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate.
 ...
PMID:Delata-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate. A prospective, randomized evaluation. 29 41

The clinical features of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome were prospectively documented in 130 of 1 667 patients submitted to endoscopy for gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, an incidence of 7,8%. The important clinical features found in these patients were: alcohol abuse (21%); retching or vomiting (38%); salicylate ingestion (36%); dyspepsia (39%). The correct clinical diagnosis was therefore often difficult to make. Additional lesions were found in 40% of patients at endoscopy. Blood loss was relatively small, and surgery was not required in any patient. The 2 deaths that occurred were not attributable to haemorrhage. A high index of suspicion and early endoscopy are required to establish the diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:The Mallory-Weiss syndrome. A prospective study in 130 patients. 30 21

A double-blind comparison was undertaken between Debendox with 10mg of extra pyridoxine and placebo with 10mg of pyridoxine, in 56 women suffering from nausea and/or vomiting during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy. The results of treatment were assessed on the patient's own dialy records of:the time of nausea, the frequency of nausea, and the severity of nausea, retching and vomiting. There were statistically significant differences in favour of Debendox with extra pyridoxine in respect of the days of nausea all day (P les than 0-02), the severity of nausea (P less than 0-05) and the severity of retching (P less than 0.05).
 ...
PMID:Treatment of pregnancy sickness. 32 60

Blood loss and the frequency of vomiting were assessed at 88 spontaneous vertex deliveries. An i.v. injection of oxytocin 10 u was as effective as ergometrine 0.5 mg in controlling bleeding from the uterus after delivery. The continuous infusion of a dilute solution of oxytocin in the first stage of labour was not followed by an increased blood loss at delivery. Oxytocin infusions were maintained for 1 h after delivery. Vomiting or retching occurred in 13% of the mothers who received i.v. ergometrine. None of the women who received oxytocin suffered emetic sequelae.
 ...
PMID:Ergometrine or oxytocin? Blood loss and side-effects at spontaneous vertex delivery. 37 50

A retrospective survey has been made of patients with the Mallory-Weiss lesion who presented with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding during the period 1972 to 1976. The lesion was diagnosed endoscopically in 78 cases, representing 7.7% of the total number of patients admitted with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 86 years (mean 43 years). The male-female ratio was 3:1. A history of retching and vomiting clearly preceded the bleeding in 60 patients. Significant alcohol intake within 48 hours of bleeding was reported in 53% of patients. Other upper gastrointestinal tract conditions, or migraine, may have induced vomiting in some instances. Previously known Mallory-Weiss lesions were rare (two patients), but 21% of patients had well documented past upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding from other causes. The tears were situated at the cardio-oesophageal junction in 47% of patients and were entirely gastric in 30%; 23% were oesophageal. Blood replacement was required in 31 patients (40%), and 16 of these were transfused with five or more units. Of those patients requiring transfusion, half had other significant pathological lesions. The mean hospital stay was four days and prolonged stay in hospital was usually necessary only in the presence of other disease. In no instance was surgery required primarily to control bleeding from mucosal tears. This study suggests that the Mallory-Weiss lesion is a relatively common cause of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, but that it is usually a benign condition, unless it complicates some other disorder.
 ...
PMID:The Mallory-Weiss lesion: a five-year experience. 67 35

Blood loss and the incidence of emetic sequelae were assessed in 148 patients undergoing midcavity forceps delivery under continuous lumbar extradural analgesia. Five units of oxytocin i.v. was found to be as effective as ergometrine 0.5 mg i.v. in reducing blood loss at delivery. Nausea, retching or vomiting occurred in 35 (46%) of the mothers who received ergometrine and in none of those who received i.v. oxytocin. The cardiovascular side-effects of ergometrine and oxytocin are reviewed and compared with special reference to patients with hypertension and heart disease. It is suggested that 5 units of oxytocin i.v. should be preferred in these high-risk patients. Because of the absence of an emetic action, i.v. oxytocin is preferable to i.v. ergometrine for patients receiving extradural analgesia.
 ...
PMID:Ergometrine, oxytocin and extradural analgesia. 95 92

From an extensive review of the published cases of lesions of the esophagus and stomach brought about by vomiting and a supplemental review of local experience with the Mallory-Weiss syndrome, the influence of hiatus hernia on the lesion site can now be defined. Mallory-Weiss lesions located in the gastric cardia are commonly associated with hiatus hernia. By contrast, those occurring in the distal esophagus and those that overlie the cardioesophageal junction are only rarely associated with hernia. The Boerhaave lesion occurs most probably in the absence of hiatus hernia and in 2 of 3 previously reported cases wherein a hernia was present, a combined gastroesophageal rupture occurred. A newly recognized postemetic form of gastric rupture is clearly distinguished from other causes of this lesion and its characteristic location is described. A unifying hypothesis is proposed in which the location of lesions occurring during emesis is determined by the presence of a hiatus hernia during retching.
 ...
PMID:Lesions brought on by vomiting: the effect of hiatus hernia of the site of injury. 95 56


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>