Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), wellknown inhibitors of prostaglandins, have been used in the treatment of biliary and ureteral pain since the end of the 1970s. The efficacy and tolerance of a new injectable formulation of naproxen sodium in ureteral and biliary pain was investigated in 77 out-patients, observed in an emergency ward, and affected by acute lithiasic symptomatology. Forty-four patients received one 275 mg vial of naproxen sodium intramuscularly, while 33 patients were given one vial at the same dosage intravenously. In 56% of the cases complete relief of pain was achieved within 30 minutes of injection, while in 86% pain was completely relieved or greatly decreased within one hour. Side-effects (nausea, vomiting) occurred in three patients, but were linked to a simultaneous aggravation of the ureteral colic.
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PMID:Treatment of acute pain of ureteral and biliary colic with naproxen sodium administered by the parenteral route. 380 21

Intussusception of the vermiform appendix (IVA) in a 14-year-old girl is reported. The diagnosis was made preoperatively, which is rare: only five other cases have been reported. IVA can present with variable symptoms. This patient presented with episodes of recurrent severe paroxysmal pain and vomiting, each episode being separated by several uneventful weeks. The diagnosis of IVA could be made at the fourth attack of colic by the radiological visualization of a "spiral shell" filling defect at the bottom of the cecum that was reducible by intravenous injection of a spasmolytic. Laparotomy with appendectomy rescued the patient from these distressing episodes. Although IVA is an uncommon condition, one should be aware of its existence and include it in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal syndromes. When confronted with a clinical picture of intussusception in older children or adolescents, one should especially remember this entity as a differential diagnosis with other causes of intussusception, especially tumors.
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PMID:Intussusception of the vermiform appendix: a preoperative diagnosis in an adolescent girl. 394 40

In the search for a superior alternative to conventional bowel preparation which often gives unsatisfactory results in children, we have introduced whole-gut irrigation for pediatric use. After a pilot study on 15 children during which adjustments on the technique were made, we settled on an intensive regimen with some notable modifications from conventional adult practice: the use of warm Hartmann's solution, a relatively large fluid load (mean volume 5.3 l/kg body weight, range 3.0 - 12.0 l/kg) and a rapid infusion rate (1.5 ml/kg/min). We then evaluated its safety, effectiveness, and acceptability prospectively on 45 patients undergoing colonoscopy or colorectal surgery, age ranging from 4 months to 11 years, with a mean of 3.9 years. Subjective complaints were mild and included nausea/vomiting, 12 cases (26.7 percent); abdominal colic, two (4.4 percent); and distending discomfort, three (6.7 percent). There was a mean weight gain of 4.0 percent but no gross electrolyte disturbances. Results of bowel preparation were satisfactory in 33 (73.3 percent), adequate in ten (22.2 percent) and poor in two (4.4 percent). Compared with our previous method, in which inadequate preparation occurred in 4/20 patients, (20 percent) by conventional measures, whole-gut irrigation represents a statistically significant improvement (P less than 0.05). In addition, whole-gut irrigation shortened hospital stay and obviated the traditional need of two to three days' dietary restrictions.
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PMID:Whole-gut irrigation in infants and young children. 394 16

The effect of glucagon administered as a bolus (1 mg) followed by a continuous infusion (2 mg/h) for 8 h and a placebo was compared in 37 adults with urographically demonstrated ureteral calculi less than 6 mm. The bolus injection was given 20 min after start of intravenous urography, and the infusion was initiated immediately afterwards. No effect on pain relief or passage of calculi was found. Nausea and/or vomiting were recorded significantly more frequently in patients who had glucagon than in patients who had the placebo. It is concluded that glucagon is of no value in acute ureteral colic.
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PMID:Glucagon in acute ureteral colic. A randomized trial. 394 97

Unexpected differences in clinical and biochemical findings in two brothers occupationally exposed to the same source of lead for dissimilar lengths of time are presented. Only the brother with the shorter period of lead exposure was anemic and afflicted by nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic and arthralgia. His urinary PBG output yielded the high orders of magnitude found in acute intermittent porphyria in relapse. Prior to administration of a single dose of EDTA (1 g of the calcium disodium salt given intravenously in 325 mL 0.15 mol/L NaCl), his blood lead levels averaged 3.6 mumol/L. The amount of chelatable lead retrieved from his urine, 31 mumol/day, was more than twice that found in his asymptomatic counterpart who was exposed to lead for 13 months and whose pre-EDTA blood lead levels averaged 4.0 mumol/L. Not only the activity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase, but also that of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, was markedly inhibited by lead in red cells of both brothers. These activities were restored to normal levels in vitro by addition to the assay system of zinc and dithiothreitol. This ruled out a coexisting genetic deficiency of either enzyme. The anemia of the symptomatic brother with the shorter period of lead exposure was alleviated by folic acid, 15 mg/day. The differences in findings between the two brothers point to differential susceptibility to lead and illustrate the extent to which symptomatic lead poisoning may mimic biochemical and clinical features of the acute porphyrias.
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PMID:Occupational lead exposure: studies in two brothers showing differential susceptibility to lead. 401 20

2 cases of midgut infarction in patients taking oral contraceptives are reported. Case 1 was a 38-year-old married woman with 3 children. After 2 isolated bouts of severe abdominal pain and diarrhea, examination revealed only minimal epigastric and left loin tenderness. Blood counts were normal. Other tests were negative. She had been taking cyclical tablets of 2.5 mg norethynodrel and .1 mg mestranol (Con ovid-E) for 48 months and continued after 8 days in the hospital. 18 weeks later severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea occurred with abdominal tenderness and rigidity. The white-cell count was 25,000 with 85-90% segmented forms. Other blood tests were normal. At operation the superior mesenteric artery was found to be occluded distal to the origin of the middle colic artery. The thrombus was removed and the circulation to the gut seemed adequate. Intravenous heparin was given. Reoperation at 12 and again at 36 hours revealed viable intestine. 8 days after hospital admission ileus symptoms occurred. Reoperation revealed gangrene of almost all of the small intestine and part of the large intestine. The patient died 3 days later. Autopsy showed thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery which was apparently not associated with local atheroma. Minimal atheroma in the aorta and an infarct of the spleen were noted. Case 2 was a 45-year-old married woman with 2 children who complained of severe abdominal pain and vomiting of 8 hours duration. A similar attack 1 week earlier had subsided in 6 hours. She had been taking tablets of 5 mg ethinyl-esternol (lynestrenol) and .15 mg mestranol (Noracyclin) for 11 months. There was no fever. The white-cell count was 19,500 with 85% segmented forms. Other laboratory tests and X-ray were normal. A loud bruit was heard over the upper abdomen. Bowel sounds were hyperactive. A diagnosis of acute small-bowel obstruction was made. At operation a definite diagnosis could not be made. Symptoms became worse. Reoperation 10 days later revealed gangrenous small intestine and part of the large intestine. The gangrenous parts were removed. After a complicated convalescence the patient recovered, but has moderate steatorrhea. Histologic examination of the resected intestine showed no evidence of atheroma in the mesenteric vessels. Considering these 2 cases with premonitory warning symptoms and without evidence of an atheromatous cause but associated with oral contraceptive therapy the immediate discontinuance of such therapy in women who develop acute abdominal pain is irecommended.
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PMID:Infarction of the midgut associated with oral contraceptives. Report of two cases. 568 97

Gastrointestinal food allergies may be defined as clinical syndromes which are characterised by the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms following food ingestion where the underlying mechanism is an immunologically mediated reaction within the gastrointestinal tract. These gastrointestinal symptoms, principally vomiting and diarrhoea, sometimes abdominal colic, may be accompanied by other symptoms outside the alimentary tract. The clinical spectrum of these disorders ranges from acute anaphylaxis (rarely leading to death in infancy) to relatively minor symptoms which are difficult to distinguish from other disorders such as toddler's diarrhoea or psychologic disorders. The same food, e.g. cow's milk, may produce a wide range of clinical manifestations. In the one individual, clinical features may change with age. The incidence of gastrointestinal food allergic disease is greatest in the first year of life and decreases with age. There are, broadly speaking, two categories of clinical syndromes which are related to speed of onset of symptoms: immediate and delayed. Those syndromes which manifest immediately after food ingestion are usually easy to diagnose and specific IgE tests and skin prick tests are frequently positive. Those which have a delayed onset of up to several days are difficult to diagnose, and currently available investigations may be unsatisfactory for routine use. In current clinical practice, gastrointestinal syndromes which can be manifestations of food allergy, may be grouped as follows: 1) immediate syndromes, including anaphylaxis and b) acute vomiting +/- diarrhoea in association with cutaneous and respiratory manifestations; and 2) delayed syndromes, including a) food-sensitive small intestinal enteropathies, b) food-sensitive colitis, c) multiple food allergy +/- enteropathy, and d) infantile colic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The spectrum of gastrointestinal allergies to food. 639 Dec 92

Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.
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PMID:Practical toxicologic diagnosis. 649 3

The clinical patterns of adverse reactions to cows' milk were examined in 72 children with cows' milk hypersensitivity. Two main groups were found, according to the time of onset of the adverse reaction--immediate onset, within one hour of milk ingestion and delayed onset, after one hour. Children with immediate onset reactions usually had cutaneous manifestations, positive prick tests, raised IgE values, were atopic, and the reaction was provoked by only small amounts of milk. Children with delayed onset reactions usually had gastrointestinal manifestations; negative prick tests; normal IgE values; were not atopic; had a history of vomiting, diarrhoea, and colic in the first year of life; and a larger amount of milk was needed to provoke the adverse reaction. Placing affected children into one or other category should increase the reliability of interpreting milk prick tests and clinical findings.
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PMID:Cows' milk hypersensitivity: immediate and delayed onset clinical patterns. 665 20

We prospectively followed a group of infants with a family history of atopy, from birth for up to 20 months of age. All infants were seen every 4 months and a history, physical examination and skin tests obtained. Atopic dermatitis and rhinitis occurred in about half the infants at some time during the study, while wheezing occurred in about a quarter. Both atopic dermatitis and rhinitis were more common in the first 12 months whereas wheezing occurred later and increased in prevalence with age. Defining atopy by the presence of atopic dermatitis or positive skin tests, only immediate food reactions were significantly associated with atopic infants. In contrast, rhinitis, a single episode of wheezing, colic, vomiting and delayed food reactions were not associated with atopy and thus are unlikely to be due to IgE-related mechanisms during infancy.
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PMID:A prospective study of the clinical manifestations of atopic disease in infancy. 670 55


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