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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical study was carried out in 20 patients in coronary angiography to compare two low-osmolar contrast media, sodium-meglumine ioxaglate and iopromide. Ten patients presented a stage III coronary disease and the other ten had a stage IV coronary disease. In the latter group, 70% of the patients received sodium-meglumine ioxaglate and 30% were given iopromide. None of the patients given iopromide had a previous history of allergic-like reactions to contrast media as opposed to the sodium-meglumine ioxaglate group where two patients had a previous hypersensitivity reaction to contrast agents. In spite of these adverse conditions in the sodium-meglumine ioxaglate group, no significant difference was found between both preparations as to overall tolerability. The following side effects were observed: slight nausea and wheezing in a patient given sodium-meglumine ioxaglate; medium intense nausea, vomiting and headache in a patient administered iopromide; one case of angina pectoris occurring 8 minutes post-injection of iopromide. Similarly, no significant difference in overall cardiac tolerability could be found between the two contrast media, although sodium-meglumine ioxaglate would tend to be better tolerated in terms of heart rate and contractility. Radiographic efficacy was considered to be equivalent for both contrast agents though the test solutions had different iodine concentrations. In summary, the two low osmolar contrast media proved well tolerated and showed satisfactory diagnostic efficacy in this population at high cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:Comparison of sodium-meglumine ioxaglate and iopromide in coronary angiography. 266 84

This investigation studied 487 babies for symptoms of allergic disease during their first year of life. Because of their positive family histories all the babies are at high risk of becoming allergic. The babies were randomly divided such that cows' milk was deliberately withheld from one group; infants in this group were fed with a soya substitute where required. No benefit resulted from withholding cows' milk, indeed symptoms were more usually associated with this group. Breast feeding, even for a short period, was clearly associated with a lower incidence of wheeze, prolonged colds, diarrhoea, and vomiting. It seemed that the duration of breast feeding was less important than whether or not the child had been breast-fed at all. Wheezing was both more common among boys than girls (P less than .05) and if the mother was a smoker. Other environmental features related to wheezing were social class, month of birth, lack of breast feeding, exposure to dampness, mould and coal fires, but not to domestic pets nor to the numbers of mites found in bedding and carpets. Mite exposure was, however, associated with prolonged colds. Eczema was the only allergic symptom not positively associated with any environmental factor; moreover, it was neither associated with a lack of breast feeding nor with inclusion of cows' milk in the diet. Eczema was associated with the incidence of positive skin prick tests and IgE antibodies to egg white. IgE and IgG4 antibodies were estimated at birth (mothers' and cord bloods) and 3 and 12 months later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Infant feeding and allergy: 12-month prospective study of 500 babies born into allergic families. 306 16

The diagnosis of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy was considered in 303 infants aged less than 1 year, who presented with one or more of the following symptoms: acute reaction related to cow's milk proteins (CMP) ingestion, severe colics, persisting vomiting, protracted diarrhea with or without blood and mucus, failure to thrive, eczema, respiratory symptoms, such as chronic rhinitis and wheezing. A diagnosis of CMPA was confirmed in 148 cases (60%): 125 relapsed on milk challenge, 23 were not challenged because of acute reactions at onset, presence of specific IgE (RAST and prick), and improvement on milk free diet. Familial atopy, familial history of CMPA and previous acute gastroenteritis were significantly more frequent in cases than in 191 age matched controls. Breast feeding was not more common or of longer duration in controls, compared to cases. Mean IgE serum levels were higher (46.3 U/ml) in cases than in controls (17 U/ml), while specific Cow's Milk Protein IgE were found in 71/148 cases (48%). 15 infants entered the study while on breast milk, because of the confirmed relation between their symptoms and CMP on the maternal diet. These infants had a higher prevalence of IgE mediated problems. All cases improved on a milk free diet but in 26 (17.8%) a further modification of the diet was required after the first prescription. Milk challenge was monitored by simple laboratory tests: all cases who had symptoms on challenge showed at least one test modification. Six infants, with no history of acute reaction, showed severe self-limited clinical symptoms at challenge. Key words: cow's milk allergy, milk, allergy, prick test, eczema, diarrhea.
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PMID:Cow's milk allergy in the first year of life. An Italian Collaborative Study. 307 Oct 78

From a national cohort of 8,806 children examined at ages seven, 11 and 16 years (National Child Development Study), data on asthma or wheezing illness (AW) were analyzed to describe its natural history in childhood and its risk factors. Factors found to predict the subsequent onset of asthma included male sex of child, mother's age at the child's birth, pneumonia, whooping cough, tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, allergic rhinitis, eczema and periodic abdominal pain/vomiting attacks. A wide range of perinatal factors, including feeding practices, and social and family factors were shown to have no effect on natural history.
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PMID:Risk factors for asthma up to 16 years of age. Evidence from a national cohort study. 358 54

The incidence and prognosis of childhood asthma and wheezing illness (AW) was studied using data obtained at ages 7, 11, and 16 from a national cohort of 8806 children born in 1958. By the age of 16, 24.7% were reported to have experienced at least one episode of AW. In 18.3% AW had started before the age of 8, but only 4.2% continued to have symptoms in later childhood. A further 3.6% began to have AW between the ages of 8 and 11, and 2.8% began between the ages of 12 and 16. Of those with AW at age 7, 28.3% had symptoms at 11 and 16.5% at 16; these proportions were about doubled if AW at 7 had been severe. The associations between natural history and a large number of perinatal, social, environmental, and medical factors were examined. Those which predicted the onset of AW after the age of 7 were: male sex of child; mother aged 15-19 at child's birth; history of pneumonia, whooping cough, throat or ear infections or tonsillectomy; eczema, allergic rhinitis; and periodic vomiting or abdominal pain.
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PMID:The natural history of asthma in childhood. 374 73

These three cases are presented as additional evidence that vomiting can be a dominant symptom of asthma. Coughing and wheezing can be overlooked or ignored. Asthma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of vomiting.
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PMID:Vomiting as a dominant symptom of asthma. 381 27

Primary tumors of the esophagus are extremely rare in children. A common periesophageal mass in children is duplication. It constitutes only 0.5 to 2.5% of all esophageal lesions usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood. Duplication of the esophagus may be diagnosed on examination by the emergency department (ED) physician when it produces symptoms or when it is inadvertently found on a chest radiograph. The duplication may produce acute gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and dysphagia or respiratory symptoms such as cough, wheezing, or dyspnea. Currently the examination of choice for evaluation of esophageal duplication is a barium swallow. However, computed tomography (CT) has the advantage over conventional diagnostic procedures, since it demonstrates the cystic nature of the mass and its relationship to adjacent structures in a noninvasive manner. An esophageal duplication has a well-marginated spherical mass contiguous with the esophagus, with preserved surrounding fat planes, and numbers of 15 to 30 Hausenfield units (HU) on CT. We are reporting three cases of this anomaly as demonstrated by CT.
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PMID:Esophageal duplication in children: a report of three cases evaluated by computed tomography. 384 40

We have previously demonstrated that peanut oil is not allergenic to peanut-sensitive individuals. Seven soybean-sensitive patients were enrolled in a double-blind crossover study to determine whether ingestion of soybean oil can induce adverse reactions in such patients. All subjects had histories of systemic allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema, wheezing, dyspnea, and/or vomiting) after soybean ingestion and had positive puncture skin tests with a 1:20 w/v glycerinated-saline whole soybean extract. Sera from six of the seven subjects were tested by RAST assay for the presence of specific IgE antibodies to soybean allergens. All patients had elevated levels of serum IgE antibodies to the crude soybean extract; binding values ranged from 2.3 to 28.1 times that of a negative control serum. Before the oral challenges, all patients demonstrated negative puncture skin tests to three commercially available soybean oils and to olive oil (control). On four separate days, patients were challenged with the individual soybean oils and olive oil in random sequence. At 30-minute intervals, under constant observation, patients ingested 2, 5, and 8 ml of one of the soybean oils or olive oil contained in 1 ml capsules. No untoward reactions were observed with either the commercially available soybean oils or olive oil. Soybean oil ingestion does not appear to pose a risk to soybean-sensitive individuals.
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PMID:Soybean oil is not allergenic to soybean-sensitive individuals. 389 82

Mast cells occur throughout most tissues although they are more prevalent in areas which come into contact with the external environment such as the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. The physiologic role of this cell is not known; however, it has a recognized pathophysiologic role as an effector cell in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Such mast cells, when activated by either immunologic or non-immunologic stimuli, both release and generate chemical mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes which then act on surrounding tissues. Depending upon the site of mast cell degranulation, a variety of clinical findings ensue. For example, mast cell degranulation in the lungs may lead to wheezing, while mast cell degranulation in the gastrointestinal tract may lead to vomiting and diarrhea. It is now recognized that not all mast cells are identical. The best example of this mast cell heterogeneity is found in the gastrointestinal tract. There is evidence that certain gastrointestinal mast cells both contain and generate mediators either distinct from or differing in quantity from those of mast cells found at other sites. Such observations suggest that a knowledge of these differences is required to understand gastrointestinal diseases in which mast cell activation plays a part.
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PMID:Mast cell mediators with emphasis on intestinal mast cells. 609 3

Contrast media reactions may be classified as anaphylactoid, vasomotor, severe or life threatening, and fatal. Anaphylactoid reactions mimic immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity in that signs may consist of urticaria, angioedema, wheezing, dyspnea, hypotension, or shock. These reactions occur in 2% to 8% of all contrast media infusions. Vasomotor reactions occur in 5% to 8% of patients and consist of nausea, vomiting, flushing, and warmth. Severe reactions during which there is a concern for life occur about once per 1000 procedures. Fatalities have occurred in from 1:3000 procedures for intravenous cholangiography to between 1:10,000 to 1:100,000 procedures for intravenous urography. The pathogenesis of contrast media reactions is unknown, and various mechanisms may be associated with different clinical features. Radiocontrast media infusions can cause rises in plasma histamine and complement activation by either classic or alternate pathways or nonsequentially, yet adverse reactions may or may not occur. Abnormalities in the complement system or an increased conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein has been demonstrated in some patients who have had anaphylactoid reactions. It is unknown if these mechanisms can explain the pathogenesis of anaphylactoid contrast media reactions. When patients who have had definite anaphylactoid reactions require a repeat procedure, the incidence of reactions ranges from 35% to 60% for intravascular infusion. Pretreatment with prednisone and diphenhydramine has been demonstrated to reduce this reaction rate to 9% in 465 procedures. Prednisone-diphenhydramine and ephedrine have further reduced the reaction rate to 3.1% in 192 procedures. These results are statistically significant (X2 = 5.4996, p = 0.019). Emergency equipment should be available should a severe reaction occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Contrast media reactions. 649 Nov 7


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