Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

S-2-(3-Aminopropylamino)-ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) is reported to protect normal tissues from the effects of ionizing radiation and possibly alkylating agents as well. The present trial assessed the ability of this compound to modify the clinical toxicity of cyclophosphamide. Patients with advanced cancer first received a dose of 1000 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide intravenously and were observed for toxicity, principally myelosuppression. After the nadir in white blood cell counts and/or platelets had been documented and adequate recovery had occurred, a second course of cyclophosphamide was given, this time preceded by WR-2721 30 min earlier. In this fashion, each patient served as his own control. Doses of WR-2721 ranging from 250 to 1000 mg/m2 were tested. A total of 13 evaluable courses of WR-2721 were given with cyclophosphamide. In no instance did the prior administration of WR-2721 diminish the bone marrow toxicity of cyclophosphamide alone. At the end of the trial two additional patients received the WR-2721 in a split dose, one-half prior to the cyclophosphamide and one-half 6 hr later; again there was no protection. The side effects of WR-2721 included nausea, vomiting, hypotension, sneezing, and swelling of the tongue. We conclude that WR-2721 is a potentially toxic compound that produces no amelioration of cyclophosphamide toxicity in the doses used. Because of the severity of the side effects of WR-2721, principally hypotension, the trial was terminated after 1000 mg/m2 WR-2721 failed to protect against the toxicity of 1000 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide.
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PMID:Clinical trial of the effect of S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) (NSC 296961) on the toxicity of cyclophosphamide. 632 81

Chest and abdominal wall movements were assessed as objective indicators of emesis. Thirty-six vomiting episodes in one intact and four decerebrate cats were monitored either by an inductive plethysmograph or by magnetometers applied to the chest and abdomen. The plethysmographic method was found to be the more suitable of these two monitoring techniques because it produced stable, artifact-free recordings with excellent signal differentiation. The occurrence of emesis was validated by simultaneously recording thoracic central venous pressure. Unlike the intrathoracic pressure measurement, spasmodic movements of chest and abdomen did not differentiate retching from expulsion. However, rhythmic abdominal excursions recorded during vomiting were several times greater than those occurring during any other activity. Surprisingly, these movements indicated an increase in abdominal dimensions during vomiting in contrast to the reduction in size observed during sneezing and coughing. We believe that recording of abdominal movements that accompany vomiting might potentially serve as a noninvasive research tool for the study of emesis in cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Noninvasive documentation of emesis in cats. 645 44

There is increasing evidence that pertussis occurs frequently in adults, but there is limited information on the clinical course of this disease beyond childhood. A household contact study on the efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine was used to study the symptoms of pertussis in adults. Among 257 patients with pertussis identified in 121 families during a two-year period in one study center with a low whole-cell pertussis-vaccine uptake, 79 (30.7%) were adults, aged 19-83 years (mean age: 36 years) with a 1:1.8 male to female ratio. Ninety-one percent of the adults suffered from coughing (mean duration: 54 days), and in 80% this cough lasted > or = 21 days. Whoops were rare (8%), whereas cough followed by vomiting and/or choking (53%) and cough disturbing sleep (52%) were common. This is the first report to describe sweating attacks as symptom of pertussis (14%). Pharyngeal symptoms (37%), influenza-like symptoms (30%), sneezing attacks (22%), hoarseness (18%), sinus pain (16%) and headaches (14%) were also observed. Various complications were seen in 23% of the patients. In order to minimize the spread of the organism, microbiological diagnostics should be vigorously applied to all symptomatic contacts of a patient with pertussis but also to all patients with long lasting cough-irrespective of age.
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PMID:Symptoms and complications of pertussis in adults. 749 1

The purpose of the present phase IV multicentre trial was to evaluate general patient tolerance to Omnipaque 350 mgI/ml (iohexol) supplied in polypropylene containers compared to that of the same product supplied in routinely used glass vials, with emphasis on allergy-like adverse events. Polypropylene is a pure plastic material with practically no additives, and has been tested in vitro as a contrast medium packaging material for several years. Handling of these containers is easier and safer than handling of glass vials. Iohexol was administered to 1481 patients undergoing urography (741 patients in the glass vial group, 740 in the polypropylene container group), all of whom successfully participated in the trial. Six centres, representing four European countries, participated. Patients were randomized to receive iohexol from either polypropylene containers or traditional glass vials according to a double blind, parallel design. Pre-established inclusion and pre-admission exclusion criteria were followed, as well as routine procedures for preparation of the patients and conduct of the urography examinations at each hospital. Patient tolerance was assessed by recording all adverse events experienced over a period of up to 1 h after the procedure. Allergy-like events were defined as coughing, sneezing, nausea, vomiting, urticaria or itching. No adverse events were experienced by 56.5% of the patients in the glass vial group, nor by 58.0% of those in the polypropylene group. Discomfort (mainly a sensation of warmth) was reported by 39.4% and 38.6% of the patients, and adverse events other than discomfort by 7.4% and 5.9% of the patients, respectively. There seemed to be a correlation between the speed of injection and the frequency of discomfort (an increase with increasing speed), both of which varied a lot between centres. There was no significant difference in the incidence of allergy-like events between the two groups. Such reactions were seen in 2.0% of patients in the glass vial group and 1.9% of those in the polypropylene container group. There was no significant difference between the patients' tolerance to iohexol supplied in traditional glass vials or in polypropylene containers. Therefore, the new polypropylene container can be recommended as a container for Iohexol.
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PMID:Iohexol in patients undergoing urography: a comparison of polypropylene containers (Unique Soft Pack) and glass vials. 783 73

Authors treated 50 seasonal allergic rhinitis ragweed sensitive patients with a second generation antihistamine, terfenadine containing suspension given twice/day for two weeks in the weeds season of 1996. Nasal (rhinorrhoea, stuffed nose, sneezing, itching) and eye symptoms (hyperaemia, itching, tearing), noted by the physicians and by the patients' diary, blood count, liver function, kidney function and ECG were examined. There was no meaningful difference between the symptoms registrated by the physicians and the patients. It was pointed out that according to both notes at all symptoms there was an improvement already on the 7th day of the treatment, which developed further for the 14th day. The only exception was rhinorrhoea which ameliorated only for the 14th day. ECG deviation related to the terfenadine treatment was not found. Repeated vomiting was experienced at one child. Transitional, slight SGOT, SGPT activity increase appeared in 4 children, the same was observed at two children in se kreatinine and carbamid nitrogen level. Nine patients needed (from the 7th day) supplementary local treatment (cromoglycate eyedrops or nasal spray).
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PMID:[Multicenter studies of terfenadine-containing suspensions in children with hayfever]. 945 5

Ten avian serotype 3 paramyxoviruses were isolated for the first time in Israel from passerine and psittacine imported caged birds. The birds were submitted for investigation of an illness characterized by nonspecific signs of weakness, anorexia, vomiting, and sneezing. In addition, only the parakeets developed specific neurologic signs. In bacteriologic and pathologic investigation, cachexia and diarrhea were observed in both groups of birds. In psittacines, considerable alterations were observed in lungs, liver, and spleen. Some nonviral pathogens were occasionally isolated. The isolates appeared to belong to serotype 3b avian paramyxovirus (APMV), the prototype strain of which is APMV-3b/parakeet/Netherlands/449/75. The isolation of APMV-3 viruses from imported caged birds may represent a way of introduction of these viruses into the country.
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PMID:Isolation of avian serotype 3 paramyxoviruses from imported caged birds in Israel. 987 58

Abdominal muscles participate in generating a large number of behaviors and reflex responses, including expiration, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, postural control, production of speech, straining, facilitation of venous return to the heart, and reaction to vestibular stimulation. However, the only premotor neurons that have been conclusively shown to influence abdominal motoneurons are located in nucleus retroambiguus, the expiratory region of the caudal ventral respiratory group. In the present study, the neural circuitry controlling the activity of one abdominal muscle, rectus abdominis, was mapped using the transneuronal tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) in the ferret. Injections of PRV into rectus abdominis labeled large presumed motoneurons in the ventral horn of T12-L4, and smaller presumed interneurons that were scattered in laminae VII, VIII, IX, and X of T4-L4. In addition, neurons in several areas of the medulla and caudal pons, including the retroambigual nucleus, medial and ventromedial reticular formation, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, vestibular nuclei, and raphe nuclei, were infected by transynaptic passage of PRV from rectus abdominis motoneurons. Thus, the multifunctional roles of abdominal muscles appear to be coordinated by premotor neurons located in both the spinal cord and several regions of the brainstem.
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PMID:Transneuronal tracing of neural pathways controlling an abdominal muscle, rectus abdominis, in the ferret. 1002 28

The emetic (vomiting) reflex in a crocodilian, Crocodylus porosus, was characterised for the first time using the plant alkaloid veratrine (5 mg kg(-)(1) i.v. or i.p.) as an emetic stimulus. The latency to the onset of vomiting was 8.0+/-0.9 min (mean +/- s.e.m., N=5 animals). Vomiting was preceded by a clearly defined set of prodromal behaviours including, in temporal sequence, rhythmic contraction of the pharynx, sneezing and jaw snapping. Expulsion of vomitus was not particularly forceful and was accompanied by lateral shaking of the head. Physiological studies revealed that vomiting was accompanied by oscillatory (9.1+/-0.7 oscillations over 29.7+/-3. 6 s, N=9 episodes in three animals) increases in intraperitoneal pressure (7.0+/-0.9 kPa, cf. 0.7+/-0.1 kPa during respiration). The significance of these results is discussed in the context of the role(s) of vomiting as a protective reflex and as a mechanism for removal of indigestible food residues (e.g. fur, claws) from the gut.
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PMID:The emetic reflex in a reptile (Crocodylus porosus). 1076 24

Amifostine is a protective agent of normal tissue from adverse effects of radiochemotherapy. It is the prodrug that is dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase on plasma membrane into the active form named WR-1065. More than 90 per cent of the drug is cleared from plasma in 6 minutes and the peak tissue concentration is 10-30 minutes after intravenous administration. Amifostine has the selective property to protect normal tissue but not cancer cells by mainly scavenging free radicals induced by radiation and chemocytotoxic agents. Both preclinical and clinical studies of this drug provide the significant protection of hematopoietic progentitors from a broad range of cytotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, vinblastine, carboplatin, mitomycin-C, fotemustine, doxorubicin, daunorubicin and radiation as well. Moreover, this drug can protect other normal organs or tissues including kidney, salivary gland, liver, heart, lung and small intestine. Amifostine is quite safe, the two major side effects are vomiting and hypotension, and the minor effects are flushing, sneezing, dizziness, chills, metallic taste etc. The drug was approved by the FDA of U.S.A. for use as a cytoprotectant in cyclophosphamide and cisplatin treatment for advanced ovarian cancer and non small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Amifostine and hematologic effects. 1080 97

A forty-four-year-old Japanese female, who had persistant rhinorrhea, was administered Benza block tablets orally along with two other medicines. Immediately after ingestion, the patient displayed itching of the right upper eyelid, followed by coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, nausea, vomiting, swelling of the face, and dyspnea. She had edema, a wheal extending from the face to the neck, and swelling of the eyelids and lips. Her symptoms subsided after treatment. Her reaction to ibuprofen, which was contained in the Benza Block tablets, was confirmed by a positive reaction to prick testing. From the results of these examinations, our patient was diagnosed as having anaphylaxis due to the ibuprofen in the Benza Block tablets. A review of the literature revealed no previous reports of anaphylaxis due to ibuprofen, although a few cases of ibuprofen urticaria have been reported.
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PMID:A case of anaphylaxis due to ibuprofen. 1087 2


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