Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BACKGROUND. Exposure of pregnant women to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor may have side effects on the fetus or newborn, mainly oligoamnios and impaired renal function. CASE REPORT N zero 1. A 34 year-old woman was given enalapril from the onset of her pregnancy because of hypertension from the age of 18 years. Oligoamnios was diagnosed in the fetus on gestational week 28; enalapril was then replaced by nifedipine but this drug was badly tolerated so that the woman was again given enalapril 8 days later. The baby (1700 g) was born by cesarean section at gestational week 34 because of acute distress syndrome; he developed hypotension, anuria, generalized oedema and was placed in intensive care. Treatment included ventilation, sympathomimetic agents, and diuretics. An exchange-transfusion followed by peritoneal dialysis was performed a few hours later. Renal function returned to normal between the 3rd and 5th day. Unilateral kidney hypoplasia was diagnosed at the age of 2 years. CASE N zero 2. A 24 year-old woman was given enalapril at the third trimester of a twin pregnancy. Delivery was full term at 37 weeks. The first baby, a boy weighing 2610 g, suffered from hypoglycemia and vomiting followed by hypotension and oliguria that required exchange-transfusion and repeated peritoneal dialysis. This boy has developed moderate chronic renal failure and hypertension. The second baby, a girl weighing 2,165 g, suffered from respiratory distress syndrome followed by hypotension and oliguria, but her renal function returned to normal within a few days. CONCLUSIONS. The use of angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor by pregnant women places the fetus at severe risk: treatment with this type of drug should be stopped as soon as pregnancy is confirmed.
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PMID:[Fetal and neonatal effects of maternal treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor]. 795 36

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition resulting from an exotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus. Presenting symptoms include high fever, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting progressing to hypotension, oliguria, conjunctival hyperemia, and an erythematous rash over the trunk, abdomen, and extremities. TSS has been associated both with and without the use of tampons during menstruation, postsurgical infections, and stab wounds, and can occur in postrhinoplasty patients with and without nasal packing. There has been one case reported in the literature of TSS associated with suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL). This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of two cases in which the patients developed TSS after outpatient use of SAL. In the first case, an abdominoplasty and SAL were performed in a healthy young female. The second case involved the harvesting of abdominal fat via syringe suction and subsequent facial fat injection in a female with systemic lupus erythematosus and severe facial atrophy.
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PMID:Toxic shock syndrome associated with suction-assisted lipectomy. 801 20

A lymphosarcoma originating from kidneys, which metastasized to the ovaries, oviducts, heart and pancreas, was pathologically diagnosed in a 3-year-old female Japanese dog (Shiba dog). Clinically, the dog exhibited vomiting, diarrhea, oliguria and abdominal enlargement, associated with hypoglycemia. Grossly, the kidneys were enlarged and neoplastic masses were also seen in the ovaries and heart. Histologically, a majority of glomeruli and renal tubules were obliterated due to diffuse invasion by tumor cells. There were no metastatic lesions in the mesenteric and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow. Most of the tumor cells were small- to medium-sized lymphoid cells with a large nucleus and scanty cytoplasm.
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PMID:Bilateral renal lymphosarcoma in a dog. 839 50

Seventy patients consecutively admitted to a single institution were treated with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and analyzed for determining the incidence and risk factors associated with reactions to i.v. contrast media. Patients with metastatic renal cancer (n = 44) or melanoma (n = 26) received 74 cycles of IL-2 administered at 2 to 6 x 10(6) U/m2/d for 10-21 days either alone or with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Seventy-four computed tomography (CT) scans were performed before administration of IL-2; and 74, 59, and 35 CT scans were performed, respectively, 2, 6, and 10 weeks after administration of IL-2. Of the 168 scans performed after therapy with IL-2, non-ionic media were used in 110 and ionic media were used in 58. There were no reactions before administration of IL-2, but there were nine reactions after therapy with IL-2. Reactions to contrast media occurred 1-4 hours after media infusion and included fever, chills, emesis, diarrhea, rash, wheezing, hypotension, edema, and oliguria. Hospitalization was required in seven cases, including intensive care unit support in four, but all patients recovered fully. Contrast reactions were more frequent 2 weeks after therapy with IL-2 (eight of 74 scans, 11%) compared with 6 weeks after IL-2 (one of 59 scans, 1.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant (McNemar's test). Six patients who reacted to contrast 2 weeks after IL-2 treatment received contrast 4 weeks later: five had no reaction and only one experienced a reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adverse reactions to intravenous contrast media in patients treated with interleukin-2. 847 95

Three cases of acute pancreatitis following transurethral resection of the prostate are reported. The incidence is rare. A review of perioperative data failed to disclose any unique factor except in 1 patient who had an underlying biliary tract disease. Hyperamylasemia or hyperlipaemia in association with abdominal pain and vomiting was noted in all patients to establish the diagnosis. Computed tomography also confirmed the existence of acute pancreatitis. One patient died of respiratory and renal failure. However, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to reduce high mortality. In conclusion, acute pancreatitis should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in the presence of abdominal pain with vomiting, azotemia or oliguria after transurethral resection of the prostate.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis following transurethral resection of prostate. 850

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) affects, to varying degrees, all travelers to high altitudes (elevations greater than 5280 feet). In a small percentage of patients, AMS can lead to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Symptoms of AMS range from a combination of headache, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, and dizziness, to more serious manifestations, such as vomiting, dyspnea, muscle weakness, oliguria, peripheral edema, and retinal hemorrhage. Although the primary cause of these symptoms is related to the reduced oxygen content and humidity of the ambient air at high altitudes, the physiologic pathway relating hypoxemia to AMS and its sequelae remains unclear. Tips on self-diagnosis and symptom recognition are critical elements to be included in educating patients who are contemplating a trip to high altitudes. Preventive strategies include allowing 2 days of acclimatization before engaging in strenuous exercise at high altitudes, avoiding alcohol, and increasing fluid intake. Conditioning exercise for patients older than 35 years is also recommended before departure. A high-carbohydrate, low-fat, low-salt diet can also aid in preventing the onset of AMS. Acetazolamide (125 mg two or three times daily, or once at bedtime) has also been shown to reduce susceptibility to AMS and the incidence of HAPE and HACE. Although effective in treating cerebral symptoms of AMS, dexamethasone is not routinely recommended as a prophylactic agent for AMS.
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PMID:A trek to the top: a review of acute mountain sickness. 855 56

A prospective one year study was conducted on children between the ages of 1 month to 5 years hospitalised in the pediatric ward of Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, with the aim of determining the predictive utility of certain clinical and stool parameters in diagnosing bacterial diarrhoea. Among the 204 children enrolled in the study, fever was observed in 40% in both the culture positive and negative groups. Clinical features such as abdominal distension, vomiting and oliguria although had low positive predictive values, their negative predictive values were high. Among the stool parameters, watery consistency and pus cells > 5 HPF were significantly more often observed in culture positive cases. The presence of mucus and pus cells > 5 HPF had good sensitivity (70-80%) but poor specificity (27-40%), while the reverse was true of blood (sensitivity 23%, specificity 89%). Again the positive predictive values were uniformly low while the negative ones were high. In conclusion the clinical and stool parameters were found to be more useful by their absence than by their presence in excluding a positive stool culture.
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PMID:Predictive utility of clinical and stool parameters in bacterial diarrhoea in children. 877 34

The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical course and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). From 1983 to 1995, we treated 33 patients (27 males, 6 females) aged from 16 to 71 years. Half of patients were connected with work at a farm or in a forest. The disease was confirmed serologically with indirect immunofluorescence test (IFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In 18 patients percutaneous kidney needle biopsies were analyzed. In 85% of the cases, the disease broke out from June to October. The most frequently expressed clinical signs and symptoms were fever, nausea/vomiting, headache, backache, abdominal pain, myalgia, diarrhea, conjunctival injection, and hemorrhages. Four patients had concomitant pancreatitis. In 25 patients, oliguria was present, and transient hemodialysis treatment was needed in 19 patients. Infection with Hantaan virus was established in 20 patients and with Puumala virus in 13 patients. At renal biopsy, acute interstitial nephritis accompanied with hemorrhages and necrosis was found, and at a later biopsy there were also signs of interstitial fibrosis. All patients were cured, but renal function was not completely recovered in some. We conclude that ARF is a serious complication in patients with HFRS. Although not lethal in our group of patients, many of them showed severe signs and symptoms of illness. Transient hemodialysis was necessary in two-thirds of the patients. Some degree of functional defects and morphological changes might persist.
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PMID:Acute renal failure due to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. 887 90

We report 45 pediatric cases of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection confirmed by stool culture between May 1993 and June 1994. In 41 (91.1%) cases there had been contact with untreated well or mountain water. Y. pseudotuberculosis was also isolated from 4 samples of mountain spring water thought to be the sources of infection. During the course of the illness, acute renal failure (ARF) developed in 6 patients (13.6%). The age distribution of the ARF group (12.3 +/- 1.2 years) was significantly different from the non-ARF group (8.0 +/- 3.2 years). The serogroups of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates from stool samples were 5 (n = 30) and 4 (n = 15). Isolates from the water samples were all serogroup 5. The main symptoms of both groups were fever, rash, abdominal pain, and vomiting. ARF developed between the 2nd and 14th days (mean 6 days) after the onset of fever, and oliguria (< 400 ml/m2 per day) developed in 3 patients (3/6, 50%) immediately after their fevers had subsided. ARF underwent a benign course, with complete recovery within a maximum of 4 weeks (mean 10.2 days), with 1 exceptional patient requiring hemodialysis. Renal biopsy showed evidence of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Y. pseudotuberculosis should be included as one of the causes of acute interstitial nephritis causing ARF in children, especially when the children have histories of drinking untreated water in endemic areas.
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PMID:Acute renal failure associated with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in children. 889 60

Ischemic hepatitis can occur as an acute episode in advanced congestive heart failure (CHF). The mechanism is massive necrosis of the central lobules resulting from acute hypoxia when low cardiac output further reduces oxygen supply, aggravating underlying congestion due to poor venous outflow. We describe a 70-year-old woman with congestive heart failure for 7 years who was admitted with jaundice, vomiting, abdominal pain and oliguria after an episode of hypotension. The diagnosis of ischemic hepatitis was established by a documented episode of severe hypotension, followed by elevation of serum transaminases, a rise in serum bilirubin and LDH levels, prolonged prothrombin time and acute renal failure. Other causes of acute hepatitis, such as a virus or drugs were excluded, and improved liver and renal function followed hemodynamic stabilization. We conclude that ischemic hepatitis should be considered whenever acute hepatitis follows a recent episode of systemic hypotension, especially in the context of concomitant CHF.
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PMID:[Ischemic hepatitis in congestive heart failure after an episode of hypotension]. 915 12


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