Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The parotid glands and skin of the toad contain toxic substances. Ingestion of toad or toad cake may result in intoxication. Clinically, it may be predominantly manifested by a digitalis-like cardioactive effect. During the last six years, the National Poison Center of Taiwan has collected four cases of toad or toad cake intoxication: two cases were toad intoxication and two cases were toad cake intoxication. All four cases manifested with general weakness; three cases showed bradycardia, vomiting and diarrhea; two cases had numbness of the oral cavity; one case had excessive salivation; and two cases showed a consciousness change. In one case, an EKG showed bradycardia, and a first and second degree A-V block; this patient died of ventricular fibrillation. The prognosis in two cases was good. We lost contact with the last patient. The treatment principles in toad or toad cake intoxication is life support. If ingested, treatment is directed at prevention of absorption, including emesis, gastric lavage, activated charcoal and cathartics. Atropine, a pacemaker and other antiarrhythmic agents may be helpful in treating cardiovascular toxicity.
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PMID:[Toad or toad cake intoxication in Taiwan: report of four cases]. 790 65

We conducted a multicenter Phase II study of BMS-181339 in patients with ovarian cancer. The facilities participating were 23 in number. The total number of cases registered for the study were 62; 57 of them entered for evaluation in drug efficacy, and 58 cases were evaluable in drug safety. All the cases were previously treated with chemotherapy including platinum-based drugs. The clinical responses of BMS-181339 were as follows: CR, 1 case; PR, 13 cases; MR, 3 cases; NC, 13 cases and PD, 27 cases. The response rate was 24.6% (95% CI: 14.1-37.8%). Histologically, the drug showed its efficacy on serous adenocarcinoma 28.2% (11/39), mucinous adenocarcinoma 20.0% (1/5) and clear cell adenocarcinoma 20.0% (1/5). In regional evaluation, the drug demonstrated its efficacy not only on endopelvic lesions 19.0% (4/21) and abdominal lesions 14.3% (2/14), but also on remote metastatic lesions such as hepatic metastasis 30.8% (4/13) and lung/pleura 33.3% (2/6). The drug also showed its efficacy on the cases 22.9% (8/35) refractory to the platinum-based drugs. Major adverse reactions were fever 63.8% (37/58), alopecia 59.3% (32/54), peripheral nerve disorders 28.1% (16/57) such as numbness of the extremities, nausea/vomiting 24.1% (14/58), arthralgia 20.7% (12/58) and diarrhea 20.7% (12/58) etc.. Abnormal alterations in laboratory test values were an incidence rates of 100% for both leukopenia and neutropenia. However, these symptoms were clinically manageable by transient withdrawal of medication, dose reduction and administration of antibiotics and G-CSF. In addition, decrease in hemoglobin 93.1% (54/58), decrease in platelet counts 31.0% (18/58), elevation in GOT 27.6% (16/58), in GPT 31.0% (18/58) and in LDH 20.7% (12/58) were seen, but no serious organopathy was observed. Thus, we confirmed that BMS-181339 was a clinically useful chemotherapeutic agent in patients with ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II study of BMS-181339 in patients with ovarian cancer. BMS-181339 Ovarian Cancer Study Group]. 794 92

A 67-year-old woman experienced a severe headache and vomiting. A computed tomographic (CT) scan showed a mild subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography revealed a saccular aneurysm at the apex of the basilar artery. Several days later, she noticed mild hemiparesis of the left extremities. She underwent a clipping operation on the aneurysm by approaching from the right temporal love. Postoperatively, she developed diplopia and dilatation of the left pupil. Cerebral angiography revealed an occlusion of the left posterior cerebral artery. She was admitted to another hospital in order to continue rehabilitation. General physical examination was normal. Neurological examination revealed paralysis of the left medial and left inferior rectus muscles and palsy of the left inferior oblique muscle. The pupil of the left eye was dilated, measuring 5 mm in diameter, and it did not constrict to any stimuli. The left superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris functioned normally. Visual acuity and visual fields were normal except for the influence of a senile cataract. She had a mild left hemiparesis, slight left ataxia and slurred speech. She had numbness of the left half of the body. A CT scan showed small low density areas in the right thalamus and left cerebellar hemisphere. Her ophthalmologic findings were compatible with the inferior branch palsy of the oculomotor nerve. The ophthalmoplegia of this case seems to be due to partial damage of the oculomotor nerve induced by ischemia of vascular supply. It is supposed to be caused by a vasospasm of the left posterior cerebral artery following a clipping operation of the basilar apex aneurysm.
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PMID:[Inferior branch palsy of the oculomotor nerve following clipping of basilar apex aneurysm]. 831 94

The estuarine dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida gen. et sp. nov. produces exotoxin(s) that can be absorbed from water or fine aerosols. Culture filtrate (0.22 microns porosity filters, > 250 toxic flagellated cells/ml) induces formation of open ulcerative sores, hemorrhaging, and death of finfish and shellfish. Human exposure to aerosols from ichthyotoxic cultures (> or = 2000 cells/ml) has been associated with narcosis, respiratory distress with asthma-like symptoms, severe stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting, and eye irritation with reddening and blurred vision (hours to days); autonomic nervous system dysfunction [localized sweating, erratic heart beat (weeks)]; central nervous system dysfunction [sudden rages and personality change (hours to days), and reversible cognitive impairment and short-term memory loss (weeks)]; and chronic effects including asthma-like symptoms, exercise fatigue, and sensory symptoms (tingling or numbness in lips, hands, and feet; months to years). Elevated hepatic enzyme levels and high phosphorus excretion in one human exposure suggested hepatic and renal dysfunction (weeks); easy infection and low counts of several T-cell types may indicate immune system suppression (months to years). Pfiesteria piscicida is euryhaline and eurythermal, and in bioassays a nontoxic flagellated stage has increased under P enrichment (> or = 100 micrograms SRP/L), suggesting a stimulatory role of nutrients. Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates have been tracked to fish kill sites in eutrophic estuaries from Delaware Bay through the Gulf Coast. Our data point to a critical need to characterize their chronic effects on human health as well as fish recruitment, disease resistance, and survival.
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PMID:Insidious effects of a toxic estuarine dinoflagellate on fish survival and human health. 852 74

In 184 adult patients with severe nonmalignant low back pain from postlaminectomy syndrome, temporary lumbar epidural catheters were infused with either 0.25% bupivacaine 92 mL, fentanyl 600 micrograms, and droperidol 5 mg (Group A), or 0.25% bupivacaine 92 mL, fentanyl 600 micrograms, and NaCl 0.9% 2 mL (Group B). Infusion rates ranged from 0.5 to 2 mL per hour, with an option for turning the infusion off when the patient had no pain and turning it on when the pain returned. Infusions were continued from 2 to 55 days, during which time the patient was at home. In Group A, only two patients had nausea without emesis, while in Group B, nausea occurred in 18 patients (P < 0.04) and four vomited (P < 0.05). The number of patients with headache, pruritus, somnolence, and/or numbness was minimal and without statistically significant group differences. During treatments, pain levels were 2 or less on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Added to the epidural infusate, droperidol appears to significantly reduce nausea and vomiting in ambulatory patients receiving fentanyl and bupivacaine in extended epidural infusions. The possibility that droperidol potentiates analgesic effects could not be evaluated.
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PMID:Reduction of nausea and vomiting from epidural opioids by adding droperidol to the infusate in home-bound patients. 853 96

The characteristics of hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) were studied in 508 patients who visited our hospital over 11 years. Information regarding symptoms and laboratory data was collected from the clinical records, and outcome was surveyed with a questionnaire mailed to all patients. Patients with acute HVS ranged in age from 5-85 years, and acute HVS was particularly prevalent among women in their late teens. Triggers of HVS included anxiety, nausea & vomiting, and fever due to the common cold. The primary symptoms were dyspnea and numbness, but these differed from the symptoms that appeared during a provoked attack, Half of the patients had no underlying disorder, but the others were suffering from neurosis, cardiovascular disorders, or other diseases. These characteristics of acute HVS did not differ from those seen in patients in whom the diagnosis of HVS was confirmed with arterial blood gas analysis. Half of the patients recovered without treatment, and the others underwent paper-bag rebreathing or intravenous infusion of sedatives. The prevalence of chronic HVS was 2% and almost all those patients were middle-aged women. In contrast, the questionnaire revealed that half of the patients had repeated HVS attacks. In 10% of the patients, these attacks persisted for more than 3 years. Many of these patients reported that they sighed frequently and felt air hunger while in remission. These findings were compatible with the criteria for chronic HVS. Therefore, it may be possible to diagnose HVS from symptoms alone, without hyperventilation provocation tests. In conclusion, these data underscore the importance of clinical symptoms in the diagnosis of HVS.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics and outcome of 508 patients with hyperventilation syndrome]. 853 89

1. A case of poisoning due to the raw root tuber of a Chinese medicinal plant, Alocasia macrorrhiza is presented. 2. The patient developed neurological (severe pain and numbness in the perioral area and throat) and gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) symptoms immediately after eating the root tuber. 3. A macrorrhiza has properties and morphology very similar to another medical plant. A. odora. The root tuber of the latter is known to contain a neurotoxin sapotoxin.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity following the ingestion of a Chinese medicinal plant, Alocasia macrorrhiza. 857 83

A cross-sectional study was designed to identify a relationship between the presence of symptoms usually related to nervous system involvement as well as other chronic complications of diabetes with three objectively defined degrees of autonomic neuropathy (AN). Symptoms usually related to peripheral sensitive neuropathy and AN were assessed using a questionnaire applied to 132 diabetics (38 IDDM and 94 NIDDM), 65 without and 67 with AN. AN was classified as follows according to 5 cardiovascular autonomic tests described by Ewing: 1) early involvement-1 abnormal test (N = 27); 2) definite involvement-2 or 3 abnormal tests (N = 26); 3) severe involvement-4 or 5 abnormal tests (N = 14). A statistically significant association was observed between degree of autonomic involvement and the presence of the following symptoms: dizziness on standing, dysphagia, vomiting, diarrhea, fecal incontinence, gustatory sweating, urinary retention, numbness and hyperesthesia of the feet or legs. Constipation and cystitis were not significantly related to cardiovascular AN. Only 3% of the patients without neuropathy and with early involvement had four or more than four of the symptoms. The prevalence of proliferative retinopathy and nephropathy was increased among patients with more severe degrees of AN. For IDDM patients there was a positive correlation between the degree of cardiovascular AN and the duration of diabetes. We conclude that: 1) severe cardiovascular AN is usually related to 4 or more of the evaluated symptoms and those patients usually have the other complications of diabetes; 2) severe AN could be a risk factor or an indicator of the same underlying process that determines the beginning of proliferative retinopathy and/or nephropathy.
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PMID:Relationship between the degree of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and symptoms of neuropathy and other complications of diabetes mellitus. 858 Aug 65

Seven Vietnamese boat-people in Tai A Chau Detention Centre in Hong Kong caught, barbecued and ate a puffer fish. After 2 h, two of them developed severe symptoms of numbness and vomiting, while the remaining five subjects developed symptoms about 18 h later. They were all transferred to Queen Elizabeth Hospital. One patient died, and the others made an uneventful recovery.
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PMID:Puffer fish poisoning. 858 Dec 53

The pain in 286 cases of bone metastasis of cancer was treated with an analgesic decoction of herbal drugs in combination with the Acupoint Therapeutic Apparatus that generated low frequency electric impulses into the acupoints. This series of patients comprised 104 cases of medium pain and 182 cases of severe pain, which was practically or completely relieved in 17 or 29 minutes respectively after the treatment; the total effective rate was 74.2% for 212 cases, and the duration of analgesic effect lasted 2.7 hours to 5.2 hours, averaging 3.6 hours. The cases that needed considerable dosages of analgesic tablets or sedatives markedly reduced their requests of such drugs. Determination of bone marrow stem cells indicated that the herbal treatment produced effects of promoting and protecting the stem cells. The rate of lymphocyte transformation was 45-76% before the treatment and rose to 57-96% after the treatment, demonstrating an increase of 15.2%, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The analgesic effect of the decoction was not correlated to the age and sex of the patients or the variety of cancer, except that it was not effective for uterine carcinoma. The main side effects included nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and numbness of the tongue.
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PMID:The treatment of pain in bone metastasis of cancer with the analgesic decoction of cancer and the acupoint therapeutic apparatus. 870 5


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