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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Buprenorphine, a new powerful analgesic agent, was used to treat chest pain in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. Initial studies showed no significant changes in systemic or pulmonary artery blood pressure or in heart rate after intravenous buprenorphine. Sublingual buprenorphine also appeared effective in relieving pain, but its onset of action was considerably delayed compared with the intravenous route. A randomised double-blind controlled trial of equivalent doses of buprenorphine and diamorphine showed no significant difference between the drugs in terms of pain relief and duration of action. The occurrence of nausea, vomiting, and other side effects was similar in the two groups. The onset of action of buprenorphine was slightly but significantly slower than that of diamorphine. Since buprenorphine seems to be comparable with diamorphine in action and is not a controlled drug, it may prove useful in both general and hospital practice.
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PMID:Randomised trial comparing buprenorphine and diamorphine for chest pain in suspected myocardial infarction. 38 95

This chapter addresses the role of health professionals in providing abortions and examines the dynamic technology of this field. Once the decision to perform an abortion is made, the proper procedure must be selected. Gestational age is the fundamental determinant but the experience and capability of the practitioner are also crucial. Suction curettage is the safest and most effective procedure available for abortions performed within 10 weeks of conception. Evaluation of the abortion patient should include, at a minimum, tests for hemoglobin, presence of gonococci, and Rh type. One of the most important parts of preparation for an abortion is sensitive and searching counseling. A potentially serious complication of suction curettage is perforation of the uterus. Dilatation and evacuation (D and E), is similar to the suction curettage procedure. This method may be used for gestations of 20 or more weeks after conception and requires greater operator expertise and experience. The complications of D and E are similar to those of suction curettage but are more frequent. Amnioinfusion is currently the most widely used method of pregnancy termination after 14 weeks in the US. The abortifacient agent that has had the greatest use is hypertonic saline. Morbidity associated with saline amnioinfusion includes hemorrhage requiring transfusion, retained tissue requiring manual or surgical removal infection, coagulopathy, and hypernatremia. Prostaglandins are alternative abortifacient agents. A disadvantage of using prostaglandins to induce abortion is that they frequently require repeat doses to be effective. Other disadvantages include nausea, vomiting, diarhea, and bronchospasm. Urea is anther effective abortifacient agent.
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PMID:Abortion. 38 51

In a controlled, prospectively randomized trial, 74 patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer were randomized to either intra-arterial hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or systemic chemotherapy with 5-FU. In 61 acceptable patients, there was no significant difference in terms of response rate, time to progression, duration of the response, and survival rate. Though the response rate for the intra-arterial infusion arm was slightly higher than for the systemic arm, the difference was not significant, and the intra-arterial infusion arm was associated with a greater incidence of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, in addition to complications of femoral-arterial thrombosis, bleeding, and infection at the catheter site not seen in patients treated by systemic chemotherapy. Patients with an objective response to chemotherapy on either treatment arm survived twice as long as the nonresponders. Long-term survival in one patient, 77 months, can occasionally be achieved in patients with hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Results of a prospective randomized study of hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil versus intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: A Central Oncology Group study. 38 74

Fifteen patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with the combination of Ftorafur, Adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM II). Three patients showed partial responses, in five the disease remained stable for at least 3 months and seven showed progression while on treatment. All responding patients showed survival in excess of 12 months. Hematologic toxicity was of only moderate severity. Median white count nadir was 3500 cells/mm3 and median platelet nadir was 187,000 cells/mm3. Four patients had white count nadirs from 2000--2500 cells/mm3 and three had nadirs from 500--1500 cells/mm3; also there were four with platelet nadirs less than 100,000/mm3. However, no drug-related infections occurred and no platelet transfusions were required. The major non-hematologic toxicities of the regimen were nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, and rhinorrhea. These toxicities were limiting and resulted in termination of the trial because of poor patient acceptance and the failure of the combination to exhibit a therapeutic advantage over the similar combination (FAM) that employed weekly 5-fluorouracil in place of Ftorafur.
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PMID:A phase II trial of ftorafur: adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM II) in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. 38 3

Administration of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) may be associated with a number of serious side effects, including nephrotoxicity, gastroeintestinal side effects (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), myelosuppression, and occasional transient elevations in liver function tests. In addition, ototoxicity (tinnitus and hearing loss), anaphylactic reactions, peripheral neuropathies, and hypomagnesemia with resulting tetany may also be encountered. The toxic potential of this new agent necessitates careful clinical monitoring during treatment.
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PMID:Toxic effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in man. 38 23

Twenty-six evaluable patients with disseminated or locally unresectable pancreatic or biliary tract carcinoma received Ftorafur (4 g/m2 iv day 1 and 22 and 2 g/m2 iv day 4 and 26), Adriamycin (60 mg/m1 IV day 1 and 45 mg/m2 iv day 22) and BCNU (150 MG/M2 IV DAY 1) combination chemotherapy (FAB) repeated at 6--8 week intervals. Two (29%) complete and one (14%) partial remissions were observed in 7 patients with biliary carcinoma while 5 of 19 (26%) patients with pancreatic carcinoma achieved partial remissions. Median survival for responding patients was approximately 11 months (range 7--16+) with median survivals of about 6 months (p less than 0.05 and about 3 months (p less than 0.05) for patients with stable and progressive disease. Major drug toxicity was myelosuppression with median lowest granulocyte counts of 1,000/microliters and platelet counts of 88,000/microliters. Approximately 25% of patients required antibiotic therapy for fever of unknown origin or documented infections. Other tolerable drug toxicities included nausea, vomiting and mucositis. The FAB regimen appears quite promising in biliary tract cancer and has efficacy in pancreatic carcinoma that warrants further clinical trials. Because of myelotoxicity observed with this regimen we now recommend a BCNU starting dose of 100 mg/m2 instead of 150 mg/m2.
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PMID:Adriamycin, BCNU, ftorafur chemotherapy of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. 38 4

The efficacy of orally administered mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) synthesis, for the treatment of psoriasis, was studied in a double-blind fashion. Of twenty-one patients completing the study period, ten of eleven patients treated with MPA had a greater than 25% decrease in severity score compared with only two of ten patients treated with placebo. The placebo group had a slight increase in severity score compared to almost 50% reduction in the average severity score of the MPA-treated group. After termination of the double-blind portion of the study, the placebo group was treated with MPA and showed a 60% decrease in severity score. Adverse effects encountered included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. One patient had an uncomplicated episode of herpes zoster. Other than a mild decrease hemoglobin, no hematologic toxicity was noted.
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PMID:Efficacy of mycophenolic acid for the treatment of psoriasis. 39 32

A double blind trial was performed in patients with Cesarean section in order to study the effect of Simeticon (Stuart Pharmaceutical Company, Pasadena, California) on the occurrence of subjective and objective signs of gas distress during the immediate postoperative period. The results obtained with Simeticon show a highly significant reduction of the analysed subjective complaints (nausea, vomiting, meteorism, discomfort in the stomach, abdominal pains) in relation to placebo. Peristaltic movements in patients treated with Simeticon appeared in the first two days in 100% of cases and only in 30% in the placebo group. Flatulence also appeared in all the patients receiving Simeticon, in contrast to only 20% in the placebo group. There was no difference in spontanous defecation between the groups. On the basis of the results obtained, and considering the non-toxicity of the drug, its chemical inertnees, good tolerance, and simple use, the authors consider simeticon very useful for the prevention and therapy of postoperative discomfort due to gas accumulation and gastro-intestinal distention after Cesarean section.
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PMID:[Use of simethicone in the prevention of postoperative abdominal discomfort and gastrointestinal distension after cesarean section]. 39 87

The adverse effects following lumbar myelography and ventriculography with meglumine iothalamate (Conray Meglumin), meglumine iocarmate (Dimer-X, Bis-Conray) and metrizamide (Amipaque), and after thoracic and cervical myelography and cisternography with metrizamide are reviewed. In addition to the published material information given to Nyegaard & Co. from several hospitals participating in clinical trials with metrizamide is also reported. The frequency of minor adverse effects (headache, nausea, vomiting) seems to be about the same with all the three water-soluble contrast media. Convulsions, either localized to the lower part of the body or generalized, may be a problem with meglumine iothalamate and meglumine iocarmate, while the epileptogenic effect is markedly lower with metrizamide. With a technique directed towards preventing contrast medium of high concentration from passing intracranially, the frequency of serious adverse effects may be kept at a very low level. Late adverse effects (adhesive arachnoiditis) occurring after all other water-soluble contrast media are a very minor problem after metrizamide. Serious complications have not been recorded following ventriculography and cisternography with metrizamide. Metrizamide is considered to be the water-soluble contrast medium best suited for use in the subarachnoid space and cerebral ventricles.
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PMID:Adverse effects of water-soluble contrast media in myelography, cisternography and ventriculography. A review with special reference to metrizamide. 40 Sep 6

The ovulation-inducing action of cyclofenil was investigated in 135 sexually mature women aged 20--35 years. The patients were only included in the trial if no ovulation in 2 consecutive cycles with the following criteria: basal temperature, cervix score, ascorbic acid retention, basophil count, serum hormone levels, e. g. LH and progesterone and the estrogens in the 24-hour urine could be determined. Ovulation was only considered to have occurred when all the parameters named indicated it. The lack of ovulation was accompanied by amenorrhea in 21 of the 135 patients. The ovulation rate in the 241 cycles observed was 101, corresponding to 42%. In the 114 patients with anovulatory cycles, the ovulation rate in the 184 cycles observed was 95, corresponding to 50%. In the 21 amenorrheic patients, ovulation occurred 6 times in the 57 cycles observed. Nausea or vomiting occurred as side effects in only 2 cases.
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PMID:[Ovulation induction by cyclofenil (author's transl)]. 41 97


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