Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty previously untreated patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with cyclophosphamide, 400 mg/m2 and Adriamycin, 40 mg/m2 IV on day 1, followed by cytosine arabinoside, 20 mg/m2, every 12 hours subcutaneously on days 5--9; this regimen was repeated every 28 days. On days 14--28 of the first cycle, each patient received 3,000 rads to the primary tumor and whole brain. Following eleven courses, Adriamycin was discontinued and patients received cyclophosphamide, 800 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and methotrexate, 15 mg/m2 IV on days 5--7. This regimen was repeated every 28 days. Toxicity included nausea, vomiting, alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and esophagitis. Overall response rate was 65%. Media survival in limited disease was 14.5 months, and in extended disease it was 4.5 months. This combination is active in localized small cell carcinoma but provides no superiority over other regimens.
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PMID:Combination radiotherapy and chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung. 23 39

The drug treatment of terminally ill patients is reviewed. The treatment of the major discomforting symptoms of degenerative diseases--pain, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and depression--is reviewed. The use of phenothiazines, anticholinergic drugs and corticosteroids is discussed. To help patients keep track of their drugs, use of a medication schedule card is recommended.
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PMID:Drug therapy in terminally ill patients. 23 20

Electrolyte disturbances in leukemia can be the result of the disease process or drug therapy. One group of electrolyte abnormalities is related to the stage of the leukemic process. Included in this group are newly diagnosed patients who may show elevated serum potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium--a result of their release from malignant cells after cytotoxic therapy or their accumulation due to urate nephropathy. Patients in remission usually have normal serum electrolyte concentrations, but acute leukemia patients during relapse may have hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia. This imbalance may be related to cellular uptake of these electrolytes in the presence of inadequate dietary intake. Other factors contributing to electrolyte derangements, and related to the leukemic process, include hyponatremia and hypochloremia secondary to the SIADH, hypokalemia in acute monocytic or acute myelomonocytic leukemia due to lysozyme-induced tubular damage, hypercalcemia possibly secondary to leukemic infiltration of bone or parathyroid glands (with PTH release), or production of a PTH-like substance by leukemic cells. Nonspecific factors related to the disease process which may aggravate the electrolyte imbalance include gastrointestinal loss through nausea, vomiting, and malnutrition. The drug-related electrolyte abnormalities include cyclophosphamide- and vincristine-induced SIADH; decreased serum sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium concentrations as a result of polymyxin B nephrotoxicity; hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia secondary to amphotericin B; hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperphosphaturia due to L-asparaginase-induced hypoparathyroidism; hypokalemia due to a nonreabsorbable anion effect of antibiotics in the distal tubule or changes in membrane ionic transport of all cells by large doses of antibiotics. Electrolyte disturbance in leukemia thus have a multifactorial pathogenesis which can best be delineated according to the stage of the leukemic process and the drugs being used. Recognition of the cause or causes in a particular patient is essential for an effective approach to management. This review emphasizes the need for routine measurement of serum electrolytes during all phases of the leukemic process.
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PMID:Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in the management of leukemia. 26 90

Eighteen evaluable children who relapsed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were treated with intermittent, high-dose actinomycin D. Objective responses occurred in four of 11 children who had relapsed with chemotherapy which did not contain an anthracycline. The major toxic effects included thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia. Minor toxic effects included nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and stomatitis. The onset of the maculopapular skin rash coincided with the platelet count nadir. These data suggested that actinomycin D is active in ALL.
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PMID:Actinomycin D in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. 27 97

Reflux gastritis is a symptom-complex consisting of antacid-resistent epigastric pain, nausea and frequent vomiting, weight loss and anaemia, sometimes with evident gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Gastric secretory studies usually show achlorhydria. The onset of symptoms is usually abrupt in previously healthy subjects. From 1973 to 1977, eleven patients with the established diagnosis of reflux gastritis have been treated with a Roux-en-Y reconstruction, as a remedial operation. There was no mortality in the series. At follow-up after a mean time of two years, the result was graded as excellent in ten patients and as fair in one. It is concluded that the Roux-en-Y procedure can be recommended in patients with reflux gastritis.
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PMID:Roux-en-Y loop reconstruction as remedial operation for reflux gastritis after gastric resection. 27 33

A case of pelvic actinomycosis, now seen as a complication of intrauterine contraceptive devices, is reported. A 32-year old nulliparous women who had developed pain and irregular bleeding over the previous month presented initially for removal of a Dalkon shield IUD. For the previous 5 years the IUD had caused no symptoms. The Dalkon shield could not be removed, and vaginal examination revealed a tender mass in the pouch of Douglas. The patient was hospitalized for a laparoscopy and removal of the IUD under general anesthesia. Laparoscopy revealed an acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with pus leaking from bilteral pyosalpinges. The IUD was removed, and the patient was treated with parenterally by administered penicillin and streptomycin for 5 days. 3 weeks later the patient was readmitted, complaining of nausea, vomiting and malaise. Clinically she was febrile, with signs of an acute abdomen. On vaginal examination, a large tender mass was palpable in the pouch of Douglas, and the blood film revealed a leukocytosis. When her condition failed to improve after treatment with penicillin and streptomycin, a laparotomy was performed. Gross PID was found with a large ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess on the right side. A total abdominal hysterectomy with bilteral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. After the removal of the infected organs, her temperature dropped and her condition improved rapidly. Pathological findings are reported.
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PMID:Pelvic actinomycosis in association with an intrauterine contraceptive device. 29 10

Fifteen patients with osteogenic sarcoma receiving high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy were studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral and smoked delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as an antiemetic. Each patient served as his or her own control. Fourteen of 15 patients had a reduction in nausea and vomiting on THC as compared to placebo. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the number of vomiting and retching episodes, degree of nausea, duration of nausea, and volume of emesis (P less than 0.001). There was a 72% incidence of nausea and vomiting on placebo. When plasma THC concentrations measured less than 5.0 ng/mL, 5.0 to 10.0 ng/mL, and greater than 10.0 ng/mL, the incidences of nausea and vomiting were 44%, 21%, and 6%, respectively. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol appears to have significant antiemetic properties when compared with placebo in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate.
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PMID:Delata-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate. A prospective, randomized evaluation. 29 41

Results of treatment for osteosarcoma of the extremity have been poor with metastases usually causing death within 2 years following diagnosis. Because of the great risk of development of metastases, 20 patients have received adjuvant chemotherapy with Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and high-dose methotrexate-leucovorin rescue for up to 12 months following amputation for osteosarcoma. Sixteen of these patients are surviving; 11 are free of evident tumor from 6 to 34 months following amputation. Five patients were found to have pulmonary metastases while receiving chemotherapy and three patients developed metastases following completion of chemotherapy. One patient died following her third treatment with high-dose methotrexate-leucorovin rescue. Other toxicity included nausea, vomiting, mucosal ulcerations, infections, hematologic abnormalities, changes in kidney and liver functions tests, and minor coagulation abnormalities. The natural history of osteosarcoma may have been modified by the use of these agents for periods exceeding the median time to predicted detection of pulmonary metastases. Microscopic metastases of some patients were eradicated by this adjuvant chemotherapy. For patients who developed metastases, these metastases were delayed in their time of detection and in their number at the time of detection.
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PMID:Adjuvant multiple drug chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremity. 29 29

Ten patients with severe dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or multi-infarct dementia (MID) or both, were treated with the precursor amino acids of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. The precursor amino acids (PAA) were given orally in a preparation that included tyrosine (4 gm daily) and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP) (800 mg daily), plus carbidopa (100 mg daily) as an aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor. Diagnosis was established by an electroencephalogram, brain scan, computerized axial tomographic scan, and in one case by necropsy findings. Serial clinical evaluations and measurements of neuropsychologic function were performed. Levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined before and after administration of probenecid. Side effects of the PAA therapy were diarrhea, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and agitation, all of which were controlled by reducing the dosage. One patient with MID and one with AD+MID showed clinical and psychologic improvement, but the others did not improve. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid for HVA and 5-HIAA before and after the probenecid test indicated some improvement in the metabolic turnover of these acid metabolites of serotonin and dopamine after administration of their precursor amino acids.
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PMID:Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. 30 Nov 48

A 54-year-old man experienced a right occipital headache accompanied by a roaring sound, nausea, vomiting, right facial weakness, and stiff neck. Vertebral angiography revealed an aneurysm of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) at the internal acoustic meatus which was later excised with favorable results. The literature is reviewed; operations have been reported in eight other cases. Inconstant waxing and waning cerebellopontine angle symptoms and signs can be found when a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage is lacking.
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PMID:Anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. Case report. 30 70


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