Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind random study compared the effects of lorazepam and pantopon an intra-muscular premedication in healthy women for uterine curettage (D & C). Anxiety, as assessed by a self-rating test by the patient and by a trained observer, showed a significant reduction at one and one-half hours after lorazepam and a smaller reduction after pantopon, which was not significant. Sedation was satisfactory with no significant difference between the two drugs in the change before and after the premedication. Lorazepam showed much more amnesia than pantopon (p less than 0.001). The patients who had lorazepam required higher doses of thiopentone for the operation, and this, in part, led to longer intervals in recovery times after lorazepam. However, it is suggested that lorazepam itself was partly responsible for the longer recovery. Pantopon was followed by more nausea, vomiting and headaches, than lorazepam. The intra-muscular injection of lorazepam hurt more patients than did pantopon, but other local complications were negligible and comparable in both groups. The results of this study show that lorazepam produces better reduction of anxiety and much more amnesia than pantopon, with comparable sedation and much less nausea and vomiting. The only disadvantage of lorazepam is the lack of analgesia and, therefore, the need for more anaesthesia during the operation. The conclusion is that lorazepam is a very satisfactory premedication and warrants more use as such.
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PMID:Lorazepam as a premedication. 0 77

The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release rate from an intravaginal suppository on induced abortion was investigated in a randomized, double-blind study of 71 women who were 7-22 weeks pregnant. 2 dosage forms were compared. Base A was selected to provide a more hydrophilic character than base B. 6 vaginal suppositories, inserted at 4-8 hour intervals as deemed necessary for the clinical progress of abortion, were available for each patient. If abortion did not occur within 48 hours, the trial was discontinued. When time for 50% dissolution of PGE2 (t50%) was plotted as a function of pH for the 2 suppository formulations, the curve for base A was sigmoidal in shape, showing a more rapid release of PGE2 and pH increase. In contrast, base B demonstrated a t50% value of 30 hours which was independent of pH. This independence suggested the hypothesis that the clinical performance of base B would be more uniform than a base A formulation and would exhibit a longer duration of biologic action. Use of base A was found to produce a slight increase in the frequency of successful abortions (79% with base A versus 70.3% with base B). There were no significant differences in the mean times from treatment initiation to complete abortion, the number of incomplete abortions, or failure to abort between the 2 study groups. There was a nonsignificant trend toward reduced total drug use in the base A group. Examination of side effects indicated that women receiving PGE2 in base B had a greater but nonsignificant tendency to experience nausea (62.2% in group B, 58.8% in group A) and vomiting (83.8% group B, 76.5% group A); however, there was a significantly greater amount of diarrhea in the base B group (70.3%) than in the base A group (41.2%). It was concluded that there are no major differences in abortifacient efficiency or the general incidence of side effects when PGE2 therapy in 2 dosage forms is compared. However, a more hydrophilic base, which exhibits a more rapid release of PGE2, appears to slightly reduce side effects and efficacy.
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PMID:Clinical comparison of abortifacient activity of vaginally administered prostaglandin E2 in two dosage forms. 1 73

A double-blind random study compared lorazepam with diazepam as i.m. premedicants in 84 healthy women undergoing uterine curettage. Anxiety, assessed by a self-rating test by the patient and by a trained observer, was reduced 90 min after both lorazepam (P less than 0.001) and diazepam (P less than 0.01). There was more sedation and a longer recovery time after lorazepam than after diazepam. Amnesia at 24 h after operation (lack of recall rather than lack of recognition) was greater after lorazepam. There was transient local discomfort at the site of the injection in most patients in both groups, but no serious effects. Local erythema was present in 12 patients who received lorazepam and 10 who received diazepam 90 min after the injection, disappearing after 24 h in the former group but remaining in the latter. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and headache in both groups was small and similar, but there was more restlessness and dizziness after diazepam in the early recovery period.
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PMID:Comparison of lorazepam and diazepam as premedicants. 2 39

In a field study comprising 678 patients with arterial hypertension efficacy and tolerance of the stable combination VKB 105 consisting of 10 mg Pindolol (Visken) and 5 mg Clopamid (Brinaldix) were investigated. Treatment with 1--2 tablets of VKB per day resulted in a successful therapy in 94% of all patients corresponding on the average to a reduction in blood pressure to 145/85 mm Hg within 14 days. In mean arterial pressures ranging between 120 and 170 mm Hg a positive linear relationship between the individual initial value and the hypotensive effect of the combination could be observed. A controlled omission trial disclosed qualitatively the respective contribution to the effect of the two components Pindolol and Clopamid. With a systematic case control of the serum potassium under the combined therapy with VKB 105 and during a monotherapy with Clopamid and antihypokalaemic effect of Pindolol could be demonstrated diminishing the tendency for potassium loss. The result revealed a far-reaching potassium neutrality of diuresis-depending stimulation of renin by the beta-receptor blocker. In 61 patients altogether subjective side-effects could be recorded, such as vertigo (5%), palpitations (2.8%), fatigue (2%), insomina (1.9%), nausea (1.7%) and vomiting (0.8%). Laboratory controls gave no indication for clinically relevant changes.
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PMID:[A field study with the combination of Pindolol and Clopamid in antihpertensive therapy (author's transl)]. 3 34

Adverse reactions to the drugs employed in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study were sought prospectively at each patient visit and by retrospective review of all patient charts. Prednisone caused evident side effects in over 50% of patients on high-dose suppressive therapy and in approximately one-third of patients on prophylactic dose. Thirty-two percent of patients on high-dose, and 26% on prophylactic-dose prednisone required dose reduction or withdrawal because of side effects. Comparable figures for sulfasalazine were 14% and 12%, and for azathioprine 32% and 20%. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, or anorexia among patients taking sulfasalazine was 46% and 34%, on high and low dose respectively; however, this incidence was no different than that observed among patients taking placebo. These symptoms occasioned withdrawal from the study of only 4% and 3% of patients on high and low doses of sulfasalazine, respectively. Azathioprine produced leukopenia at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight in 15% of patients and the mean white cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocyte count, and hematocrit all fell significantly in patients on this dose. Pancreatitis occurred in 5% of patients taking azathioprine but in no other patients. Sulfasalazine proved to be the safest effective suppressive drug for Crohn's disease. Prednisone toxicity, though substantial, is acceptable in view of its demonstrated suppressive efficacy. Azathioprine was approximately as toxic as prednisone but no more effective than placebo in suppressing active disease. None of the drugs was effective prophylactically, and all showed appreciable long-term toxicity.
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PMID:National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: adverse reactions to study drugs. 3 77

During a limited period of time, the authors have systematically administered tiapride to all patients in the immediate post-operative phase presenting with: nausea, vomiting, pain. Intravenous injection of a single dose of 400 mg of tiapride produces: a strong anti-emetic action; an inconstant analgesic action, but very interesting for it is not accompanied with adverse effects.
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PMID:[Therapeutical trial in recovery room (author's transl)]. 3 11

In a prospective study 260 urographies were evaluated regarding clinical compatibility. In altogether 11% of the patients mild incompatibility reactions were observed (heat sensation, urticaria, nausea, vomiting). 29% of the patients with known prior contrast agent incompatibility suffered from anaphylactoid symptoms mostly of a subjective type (heat sensation, nausea). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of objective symptoms (urticaria, vomiting) between patients with prior contrast media incompatibility (3%) and patients who had tolerated previous contrast media applications without symptoms (2%).
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PMID:[Risk of incompatibility reactions in the repeated use of contrast media in urography]. 3 85

25 patients--19 to 73 years old--who underwent maxillofacial operations, received Spontavix for 10 to 12 days via a nasogastric tube. In 20% of the patients nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and/or abdominal pain occurred and disappeared after finishing nutrition with Spontavix. Mean frequency of defecation was 0.5/patient/24 hours. Body weight, serum electrolytes, blood gases, pH and base excess in the arterial blood, urea-nitrogen, hemoglobin and albumin content of the blood did not change significantly. Lipids in the serum increased insignificantly without leaving normal limits. During nutrition with Spontavix serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) showed a statistically significant increase which is believed to be caused by general anesthesia.
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PMID:[Postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery with the tube feeding preparation Spontavix]. 4 69

The authors studied serial hepatic biopsies of five patients who developed hepatic failure following jejunoileal bypass for extreme obesity, with autopsies of two. The hepatic histologic changes included centrilobular or focal alcoholic hyalin, intrasinusoidal collagenosis, fatty hydropic degeneration, and neutrophilic infiltrate. At least two of the patients were abstinent from alcohol, both prior to and after the surgical procedures. The others, after the bypass procedures, had reduced alcohol consumption from previous levels. All patients developed hepatic failure and histologically progressive hepatic disease with alcoholic hyalin and other changes indistinguishable from alcoholic hepatic disease in 21/2 to 5 months, in spite of hyperalimentation and re-establishment of intestinal continuity in four. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and ascites were prominent complaints. Four of the five patients died in hepatic failure. The authors conclude that these cases of progressive hepatic disease with histologic changes simulating those found in livers of alcoholic patients offer evidence that heavy alcohol consumption may affect the liver in an indirect fashion.
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PMID:Post-jejunoileal-bypass hepatic disease. Its similarity to alcoholic hepatic disease. 4 97

Green-tobacco sickness is an occupational illness of tobacco harvesters. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and prostration. The disease is self-limited and of short duration, but recurs frequently in susceptible workers. The aetiology is not known, but nicotine has been suspected as a causative agent. Thirty-two workers on four North Carolina tobacco farms were studied during harvesting. None of these workers smoked or chewed tobacco. Urinary cotinine (the major metabolite of nicotine) levels were monitored over a 24-hour period to evaluate nicotine absorption. There was a tenfold rise in mean excretion of cotinine among workers who had greatest contact with the tobacco. Less cotinine was found in urine of workers who had less exposure. Levels of cotinine exceeded those found in novice smokers who smoked 3 cigarettes in succession. Absorption of nicotine from tobacco leaf is the likely cause of tobacco sickness.
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PMID:Nicotine absorption by workers harvesting green tobacco. 4 56


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