Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biochemical studies of serotonin metabolism and a therapeutic trial of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) in combination with carbidopa were carried out in 19 patients with myoclonus. In 6 patients with intention myoclonus, the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a metabolite of serotonin was found to be significantly decreased. L-5-HTP with carbidopa dramatically decreased the frequency and intensity of myoclonus, particularly in those patients with a diagnosis of postanoxic intention myoclonus. The major side effects have been anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and mental stimulation. We suggest that a deficiency of brain serotonin is causally related to myoclonic muscle movements and the therapeutic efficacy of L-5-HTP plus carbidopa may be due to the repletion of serotonin in regions of the brain where serotoninergic neurons have degenerated.
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PMID:Serotonin and myoclonus. 79 Jan 70

Evaluation of 60% solution of Methylglucamine iocarmate (Dimer-X) for ventriculography in animal experiment and clinical cases was reported. The experimental result was compared with that of Conray 60 and Angiografin, which was reported in our previous papers. In seven intraventricular injections of 2.0 ml, administered to 6 dogs, convulsion was observed on three occasions, facial myoclonus on 1 and no symptoms on the remaining three. However, in 7 intraventricular injections of 1.5 ml for 6 dogs, 6 were symptom-free and only residual one showed convulsion. And no dog died in either experiment. No changes were seen in a subsequent ventriculogram one month after the 1st ventriculography with Dimer-X and also no histological changes of the ventricular wall were revealed one month after the first experiment. These experimental results suggested less toxicity of Dimer-X than Conray 60 or Angiografin. Clinically, in 17 neurosurgical patients, ventriculography was performed with 1-5 ml of Dimer-X. No patients showed convulsive complication, but there was one episode of vomiting in each of 2 cases and slight headache in one case. From our experimental and clinical studies, it is concluded that the Dimer-X is to be considered the best watersoluble contrast medium for ventriculography at present.
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PMID:[Ventriculography with methylglucamine iocarmate (Dimer-X). Experimental and Clinical study (author's transl)]. 108 58

A case of sultopride poisoning (ingested dose 16 g) in a 35-year-old, 65 Kg man is described. On admission myoclonus, mydriasis, vomiting and cardio-respiratory arrest were observed. Torsades de pointes were treated with potassium chloride infusion and pace maker stimulation. Plasma sultopride concentration was 25 mg/l and urinary concentration 12 g/l. A prolongation of Q-T interval may announce severe arrhythmias in sultopride poisoning.
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PMID:[Torsades de pointes during sultopride poisoning]. 136 61

The in vivo neurophysiological interactions of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 with the High Pressure Neurological Syndrome have been investigated in the primate Papio anubis. A hyperbaric chamber was used to achieve environmental pressures of 61 ATA (atmospheres absolute) over a period of 5 hr. Eight animals underwent 2 compressions each, one following pretreatment with 0.03 mg/kg (i.v.) MK801, the other a control. Half of the animals received MK801 on their first exposure. Mild signs of the high pressure neurological syndrome, e.g. paw and limb tremor were first observed between 10 and 20 ATA and more severe signs, e.g. whole body tremor, myoclonus and vomiting, appeared after 50 ATA. The onset pressures for the various signs were increased by 10-17 ATA when the animals received MK801 (P = 0.06) and the severity of the signs, over the whole range of pressures at which they appeared, was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001). Additional experiments showed that MK801 afforded considerable protection, at pressures up to 81 ATA, but doses larger than those used for the main experiment produced signs of tranquilisation and sedation. Changes in the EEG were observed in channels associated with the frontal, parietal and occipital regions. Amplitude and frequency spectra were calculated and trends with pressure in the 4 conventional wavebands were analysed. The most striking change was a decrease in amplitude of delta waves (P less than 0.001), which was ameliorated by MK801 (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:The effects of MK801 on the high pressure neurological syndrome in the baboon (Papio anubis). 225 85

To evaluate the safety and possible efficacy of high-dose naloxone for the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia, 38 patients received a loading dose of 160 mg/m2 over 15 minutes followed by a 24-hour infusion at the rate of 80 mg/m2/hr. Nausea and/or vomiting were common side effects. Naloxone was discontinued in seven patients (because of hypotension in one, bradycardia and hypotension in two, myoclonus in one, focal seizures in two, and hypertension in one); all seven patients responded to treatment and no permanent sequelae to naloxone were noted. Twelve of the 38 patients showed early neurologic improvement (by completion of the naloxone loading dose). However, there was no correlation between such a loading dose response and clinical outcome at 3 months. Our experience suggests that naloxone is safe at the dose used, but data for efficacy are inconclusive.
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PMID:High-dose intravenous naloxone for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. 233 51

A new baboon model was used to investigate the therapuetic effect of sodium valproate on the high pressure neurologic syndrome (HPNS). A hyperbaric chamber was used to achieve environmental pressures of 61 ATA, over a 5-h period. Eight animals underwent two compressions, a control and a valproate-treated compression (half the animals had valproate on the first compression). Mild signs of HPNS (e.g., paw and limb tremor) were first observed at approximately 20 ATA. More severe signs (e.g., whole body tremor, myoclonus, and vomiting) were observed above 40 ATA. Sodium valproate was administered during the compression phase and for 2 wk previously. It was effective at the higher pressures above 41 ATA in reducing the severity of the signs of HPNS. The major effect of pressure on the EEG was to increase alpha and theta wave amplitude in a linear manner. Alpha wave amplitude was reduced by sodium valproate.
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PMID:Sodium valproate interactions with the HPNS: EEG and behavioral observations. 249 71

Intravenous administration of etomidate, a nonbarbiturate sedative hypnotic, induced excitement, myoclonus, pain on injection, vomiting, and apnea during induction of anesthesia in 20 experimental dogs and 70 hospitalized dogs. The dogs had excitement and purposeless muscle movements during recovery from anesthesia. The frequency and severity of the side effects were markedly attenuated or eliminated by the administration of diazepam, acepromazine, or morphine prior to etomidate administration.
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PMID:Side effects of etomidate in dogs. 272 35

A patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was treated with an intraventricular alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) through an Ommaya reservoir. A 17-year-old boy, who had a history of measles exposure at age 1, showed forgetfulness, difficulties in calculation, reading and writing. Two months later he developed generalized convulsions and myoclonic spasms. He was admitted to the National Saigata Hospital in May 20, 1992. On admission, anti-measles antibody titer in the CSF was 1:16 by complement-fixation method. His EEG revealed a periodic synchronous discharge. Therefore, the diagnosis of SSPE was confirmed. An Ommaya reservoir was implanted on July 7, 1992, and an intraventricular administration of INF-alpha was begun after two weeks. The dose of INF-alpha was gradually increased from 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 to 2.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 twice a week. Fever, vomiting and anorexia were developed when the INF-alpha injection was first started. When he received a total dose of 8.0 x 10(6) IU, he became bed ridden for remarkable lethargy. The lethargy was continued for about 10 days despite the therapy was interrupted, and then he gradually became alert. The frequency of myoclonus became more frequent and mentality got worse, so the treatment with INF-alpha was tried again in decreasing the dose to 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 twice a week. However, be became drowsy again after he received a total of 7.5 x 10(6) IU. With intramuscular or intravenous administrations of the high doses of INF-alpha (> or = 1.0 x 10(7) IU), significant neurological abnormalities were reported to occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis treated with intraventricular interferon--the side effects of interferon-alpha to the central nervous system]. 815 18

An outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection occurred in Taiwan in 1998. The clinical spectrums and laboratory findings for 97 patients with virus culture-proven EV71 infections were analyzed. Eighty-seven percent of the patients were younger than age 5 years. Hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome occurred in 79% of the children and central nervous system (CNS) involvement in 35%, including nine fatal cases. The predominant neurological presentations were myoclonus (68%), vomiting (53%), and ataxia (35%). Brain stem encephalitis was the cardinal feature of EV71 CNS involvement during this outbreak. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathological findings illustrated that the midbrain, pons, and medulla were the target areas. EV71 brain stem encephalitis can present either with cerebellar signs and an initially mild, reversible course or with overwhelming neurogenic shock and neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) resulting in a fatal outcome. Brain stem encephalitis that progressed abruptly to neurogenic shock and NPE was indicative of poor prognosis in this epidemic. Early aggressive treatment and close monitoring of the neurological signs are mandatory to improve the chance of survival.
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PMID:Clinical spectrum of enterovirus 71 infection in children in southern Taiwan, with an emphasis on neurological complications. 1088 Mar 32

We report here a boy suffering from muscle cramps in the right upper extremity. At 32 days of age, he developed purulent meningitis followed by paresis of the right upper extremity. From infancy he had intermittent episodes myoclonus-like involving the right hand. Since he also had true epileptic seizures with loss of consciousness, ocular deviation, and vomiting at 6 and 8 years of age, he was treated with anti-epileptic drugs as therapy for focal motor seizures. At 6 years of age, these episodes increased in frequency. The cramps spread from the right hand to involve the entire upper extremity with pain. At the age of 10, he was referred to Hirosaki University Hospital and was admitted. Using closed circuit television with continuous EEG and EMG monitoring we observed during his episodes repeated EMG abnormalities consisting of continuous discharges of polyphasic motor unit potentials, but no epileptic EEG discharges. We diagnosed these episodes as muscle cramp. His muscle cramps were controlled by medication with muscle relaxants and Chinese medicines. This case illustrates that the differential diagnosis between muscle cramps and epileptic seizures is important for proper treatment.
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PMID:[Case report of muscle cramp versus focal epilepsy]. 1048 69


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