Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two trials of leucovorin (LV) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were done, both using a 3-day loading dose and then weekly doses to minimize toxicity. The first trial used LV administered by intravenous infusion with a constant dose of 5-FU 400 mg/m2, and the second trail used oral LV with increasing doses of 5-FU. In the first trail, 45 eligible patients (20 with and 25 without previous therapy) were treated. Toxicity usually consisted of diarrhea or weakness and was controlled by delaying or decreasing the 5-FU dose. Subjective responses occurred in 75% of patients but did not correlate with antineoplastic effect. Objective responses were seen in 36% and stabilization of disease in 31% of patients; these correlated with prolonged survival. Median survival was 8 months for patients with previous treatment and 10 for those without. Twelve-month survival was 32% and 40%, respectively. There was no correlation between the development of toxicity and response or survival. The second trial was conducted recently in cooperation with Duke University to determine toxicity and efficacy of oral LV with intravenous 5-FU before a randomized trial of this combination versus placebo with intravenous 5-FU. Eighteen patients were treated, and serum levels of folates were obtained on ten. First toxicity occurred at 5-FU doses ranging from 375 to 850 mg/m2, and consisted of diarrhea in nine, lethargy in seven, nausea/vomiting in four, dermatitis in four, conjunctivitis in two, hypersalivation in two, stomatitis in one, and profound granulocytopenia in one. Response rate was 35%, and stabilization was 35% with median survival of 14 months. Twelve-month survival was 56%.
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PMID:Clinical experience with leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil. 278 80

Hypercalcemia (12.0 to 18.3 mg/dl) was detected in 3 cats that had eaten a rodenticide that contained cholecalciferol. Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and polydipsia. Treatment with furosemide and fluids administered IV resulted in normalization of the serum calcium concentration and in remission of the clinical signs in 2 cats. One cat with a serum calcium concentration of 18.3 mg/dl did not have clinical signs, was not treated, and was reportedly normal 9 months after initial examination. We attributed the uniformly favorable outcome of exposure to the rodenticide in these cats to the small quantity of the toxin ingested.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia associated with rodenticide poisoning in three cats. 284 90

The aftereffects of home-induced emesis with ipecac syrup were determined by telephone interviews of callers to a poison center. During the 12-week study, the presence of any symptoms at follow-up in 146 patients was compared with findings in 99 callers to the poison center who did not receive ipecac. Within four hours after ipecac-induced emesis, 33.6% had no symptoms and 17.1% experienced protracted emesis. In the ipecac-treated group the incidences of one formed stool (4.1%) and lethargy during a typical sleeping time (42.5%) were not significantly different from the incidences in patients not receiving ipecac syrup. The incidences of diarrhea (13.0%) and atypical lethargy (11.6%) were higher (P less than .025 and P less than .05, respectively) after ipecac-induced emesis than in patients not receiving ipecac syrup. There was no significant statistical association between the propensity of the ingested toxin to produce diarrhea or lethargy and the occurrence of diarrhea or atypical lethargy. Because ipecac-induced emesis can produce diarrhea and lethargy, these side effects should be noted and differentiated from normal conditions when ipecac syrup is administered.
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PMID:Nonemetic effects of ipecac syrup. 286 Jun 32

A series of 78 cases of accidental levothyroxine ingestion in children (less than 12 years old) with treatment limited to ipecac-induced emesis and a single oral dose of activated charcoal is presented. No patient received any form of dialysis or hemoperfusion, propylthiouracil, cholestyramine, steroids, or serial doses of oral activated charcoal. Propranolol was used in one case despite the absence of clinical manifestations of toxicity. Only four children developed symptoms, limited to modest fever (38.3 degrees C), supraventricular tachycardia (120-176 beats/min), lethargy, irritability, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Peak T4RIA values in three patients were 32.8, 30.0, and 26.4 micrograms/dl, respectively, and two of these patients remained asymptomatic. Initial therapy for acute levothyroxine ingestions in children can be safely limited to routine gastrointestinal decontamination. Hospitalization or prophylactic treatment with propranolol, propylthiouracil, corticosteroids, cholestyramine, or extracorporeal detoxification are unnecessary in the early asymptomatic phase.
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PMID:Levothyroxine ingestions in children: an analysis of 78 cases. 286 Sep 10

Among 137 members of 30 families, 6% (and 8% of those aged under 15 years) were seropositive for toxocara antibodies. In these seropositive subjects and in 84 patients known to have raised toxocara titres the commonest clinical features were abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, sleep and behaviour disturbances, pneumonia, cough, wheeze, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, headache, limb pains, and fever. 61% of patients with raised toxocara titres had recurrent abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was in many cases associated with a raised toxocara titre, but 27% of patients with high titres had normal eosinophil counts. Toxocariasis is common, especially in children, and is associated with clinical features that are generally regarded as non-specific but together form a recognisable symptom complex. Toxocariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such symptoms and especially in recurrent abdominal pain, which might otherwise be labelled as idiopathic. The absence of eosinophilia does not exclude toxocariasis.
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PMID:The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease. 289 21

An experimental infection program was conducted in rabbits, pigs, and baboons with toxic shock syndrome (TSS)-associated and non-TSS-associated strains of Staphylococcus aureus to produce an animal model for TSS. TSS-associated strains of S. aureus--whether positive or negative for TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1)--could not be distinguished from non-TSS-associated strains of S. aureus by means of the rabbit whiffle-ball infection model; therefore, limited pilot infection studies were conducted in pigs and baboons. Experimental conditions were optimized in both the pig and the baboon studies to maximize the chance of producing TSS. Pigs infected with TSS-associated S. aureus strain CDC-11 developed some of the clinical signs observed in TSS (fever, hypotension, diarrhea, and vomiting). However, no changes were detected in clinical chemistry or hematology. Baboons infected with S. aureus strain CDC-11 showed only minimal signs of illness, i.e., lethargy, decreased food intake, and loose stools. TSS was not produced in pigs or baboons, even under optimal exposure conditions.
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PMID:Response of various animal species to experimental infection with different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. 292 41

A clinical phase I-II evaluation of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (A-TDA) administered daily, twice a week, or weekly was undertaken, in which 71 patients were treated with a range of doses from 2 mg/m2 to 200 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetic studies employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated a terminal (beta) serum half-life of 2.19 h. Stomatitis, dermatitis, nausea, vomiting, and lethargy were observed. No significant leukopenia or thrombocytopenia, however, was noted. A-TDA administration led to hyperuricemia, which was adequately controlled with concurrent administration of allopurinol. Antitumor responses included one partial response in a patient with large cell carcinoma of the lung and three objective responses (2 non-small cell lung and 1 squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus). Two patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung had a marked improvement of psoriasis during A-TDA therapy. Further phase II studies in patients with cancer and trials in patients with psoriasis are recommended.
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PMID:Clinical and clinical pharmacologic studies of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (A-TDA:NSC 4728). 293 41

We report a 5-month-old boy with recurrent vomiting, lethargy, and poor weight gain. He had profound metabolic acidosis and nonketotic dicarboxylic aciduria. The serum and muscle carnitine levels were significantly low (60% and 10% of the control means, respectively), suggesting that the patient had a systemic carnitine deficiency syndrome. The patient showed apparent clinical improvement on oral carnitine administration. A quadriceps muscle biopsy revealed a slight increase in intrafiber lipid droplets and mild accumulation of glycogen in the subsarcolemmal portion. An anaerobic glycolysis in vitro study showed a block after glucose-1-phosphate and before glucose-6-phosphate. Direct measurement of individual glycolytic enzymes in muscle of the patient demonstrated a marked decrease in phosphoglucomutase (PGM) activity (13% of the control mean). The specific defect of PGM activity in this patient suggests that the block in the anaerobic glycolytic pathway is the primary abnormality. PGM deficiency can be added as a newly recognized cause of secondary systemic carnitine deficiency syndromes.
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PMID:Infantile muscle glycogen storage disease: phosphoglucomutase deficiency with decreased muscle and serum carnitine levels. 296 17

Nine dogs with primary gastrointestinal disease had clinical and laboratory findings resembling hypoadrenocorticism. The dogs had histories of anorexia, weakness or lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. Hypothermia, dehydration, and emaciation also were detected on physical examination. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and abnormally low Na/K ratios were found on laboratory evaluation, but results of ACTH-response tests were not compatible with hypoadrenocorticism. The primary diagnoses were trichuriasis and salmonellosis in 2 dogs, trichuriasis in 5 dogs, and perforated duodenal ulcer in 2 dogs. Most dogs responded to medical or surgical treatment of their primary gastrointestinal disease, and the original electrolyte abnormalities resolved. These findings emphasize the importance of the ACTH-response test in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with clinicopathologic findings similar to those of hypoadrenocorticism.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic findings resembling hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with primary gastrointestinal disease. 299 Nov 78

During an outbreak of a herpesvirus infection in juvenile harbor seals, 11 out of 23 seals died. The duration of the disease in these 11 animals varied from 1-6 days. Nasal discharge, inflammation of the oral mucosa, vomiting, diarrhea and fever up to 40 degrees C were observed in the first days of the disease. In later stages coughing, anorexia and lethargy occurred. Severe necrosis of the liver and interstitial pneumonia were the most striking histopathological findings.
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PMID:An outbreak of a herpesvirus infection in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). 300 64


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