Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Tick-borne encephalitis is transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus. After the second world war an increase in the number of cases of encephalitis was observed and the neurotropic virus was isolated for the first time in 1948. Reservoir animals are mouse-like wild animals and also agricultural domestic animals. The infection is transmitted to humans through tick bites. It becomes apparent subjectively in headaches, vomiting, tiredness, giddiness and insomnia, and objectively in meningeal symptoms, extrapyramidal tremor, cerebellar ataxia, vestibular nystagmus and paresis. The treatment consists of strict rest in bed for 10 days at least and symptomatic support of the general health. Good results are obtained with antiedematous therapy with hydrocortisone or pyritinol.
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PMID:[Clinical picture of Central European tick-borne encephalitis (author's transl)]. 82 10

In 1148 cases the serum digoxin concentration (SDC) was correlated with the extracardiac signs of digitalis intoxication. There is a considerably overlap of SDC levels of patients with and without extracardiac signs of toxicity even though the mean SDC's of these two groups differ significantly. An increasing percentage of clinical intoxicated patients with increasing SDC levels was found at digoxin concentrations of 2.0 ng/ml and higher. At lower SDC levels patients with and without extracardiac signs of digitalis intoxication did not differ significantly in their mean SDC but in mean age and in mean creatinine concentration indicating that at least part of the symptoms in these patients might be due to a more severe illness. We could show that many of the extracardiac signs of digitalis intoxication are also seen in patients with impaired kidney function at low SDC levels and may lead to a wrong diagnosis. The most common complaint in patients with SDC's of 2.0 ng/ml and more is nausea (39.4%), followed by tiredness (30.4%), dizzyness (23.7%), vomiting (23.1%), headache (16.0%), visual disturbances (13,5%), colour (yellow) seeing (6;7%), diarrhea (4.2%) and severe neuro-psychiatric disturbances (3.8%). In patients with digitalis-induced arrhythmias the sequence of symptoms is the same only with a somewhat higher percentage rate. Only about one half of the patients with digitalis-induced arrhythmias and SDC values up to 2.5 ng/ml showed also extracardiac signs of intoxication. Therefore these signs are not to be taken as early symptoms of digitalis intoxication. Divided into subgroups (patients with/without digitalis-induced arrhythmias, patients with SDC values of more/less than 2.0 ng/ml) the patients with and without extracardiac signs of digitalis toxicity are compared with each other in regard to: mean body height and weight, concentration of digoxin, potassium and creatinine, digoxin dosage and mean age. The greatest differences were found between patients with combined cardiac and extracardiac signs of intoxication and patients with neither cardiac nor extracardiac signs of intoxication: These intoxicated patients are of significantly higher mean age and lower body weight, their mean concentration of digoxin and creatinine and the digoxin dosage administered are significantly greater, but there is no significant difference in potassium concentration. An important group of patients, namely the elderly with impaired kidney function, are especially prone to develop digitalis intoxication. In this group, however, the extracardial symptoms are of little benefit in the diagnosis of digitalis intoxication. In these patients rhythm disturbances and intoxication-like symptoms are frequently caused by other reasons. In most cases the SDC value can clarify the diagnosis without withdrawal of the drug.
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PMID:[Digitalis intoxication: specifity and significance of cardiac and extracardiac symptoms. part II. Patients with extracardiac symptoms of digitalis intoxications (author's transl)]. 85 53

Thirty-two patients with the onset of erythema chronicum migrans, Lyme arthritis, or both in mid-1976 were studied prospectively. The skin lesion (24 patients) typically lasted about 3 weeks, beginning as a red macule or papule that expanded to form a large ring with central clearing. Associated symptoms ranged from none to malaise, fatigue, chills and fever, headache, stiff neck, backache, myalgias, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat. Three patients had been bitten by ticks at the site of the initial lesion 4 to 20 days before its onset. Nineteen patients suddenly developed a monoarticular or oligoarticular arthritis 4 days to 22 weeks (median, 4 weeks) after onset of the skin lesion; eight developed arthritis without a preceding skin lesion. Seven of these 27 experienced migratory joint pains. Arthritis attacks, most commonly in the knee, were typically short (median, 8 days) but sometimes persisted for months. Other manifestations included neurologic abnormalties, myocardial conduction abnormalities, serum cryoprecipitates, elevated serum IgM levels, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. The diagnostic marker is the skin lesion; without it, geographic clustering is the most important clue.
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PMID:Erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme arthritis. The enlarging clinical spectrum. 86 48

Preliminary results of this retrospective-prospective analysis of renal hypertension in 110 children indicate that hypertension may be secondary to a wide variety of acute progresive, and chronic renal diseases which may be either congenital or acquired. Affected children may be detected at any time from infancy through adolescence. Symptoms usually associated with acute glomerulonephritis (i.e., headache, swelling, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, dizziness, and fever) occur in both acute and chronic renal diseases associated with hypertension. Headache and swelling are the most common symptoms in this series. Peripheral edema, rales, and increased heart size were found in between 10 and 25% of these children. Differential diagnosis may be approached by a consideration of causes of acute and chronic hypertension. The child with chronic renal disease usually presents with a long history of fatigability, poor growth, and pallor, and laboratory tests reveal elevation of the creatinine and BUN along with anemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. In contrast, the child with acute renal disease and hypertension presents with a history of prior good health followed by the abrupt onset of signs and symptoms of renal disease; laboratory tests usually reveal modest elevations of creatinine and BUN, anemia is unusual, an abnormal urinalysis is common, and serum calcium and phosphorous levels are usually normal. Renovascular and asymmetric renal parenchymal disease represent uncommon but important conditions because surgery may be curative. Treatment may be surgical, medical, or combined. Surgical conditions include renal trauma, hydronephrosis, asymmetric renal disease, and renal arterial disease. Adequate blood pressure control without medication can be expected following surgery in instances of unilateral involvement with a normal contralateral kidney. Meticulous assessment of the contralateral kidney is needed to determine that it is normal. If surgery is unsuccessful or is not indicated, pharmacologic therapy is initiated with a stepwise regimen starting with the mildest agent (e.g., thiazides) and then adding additional antihypertensive drugs when adequate blood pressure control has not yet been achieved. The goal of therapy is the lowest, safest, tolerated blood pressure levels. Long-term, carefully designed studies of antihypertensive agents for children with renal hypertension are not available. The need for collection and critical analysis of data concerning the clinical course of children with renal hypertension is evident from a review of the literature and from the preliminary data presented in this series. The presentation of such information and a critique of outcome variables will provide a basis for program planning for affected children and improvement in patient care where indicated.
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PMID:Renal hypertension in children. 99 44

Seventy patients presenting symptoms of hysteria (49 women and 21 men) were selected among patients observed at the Institute Minkowska during the year. This work is part of a research work on socio-cultural and environmental factors which can change mental status of immigrants. These are all portugese workers presenting for the first time atypical mental troubles called by the author: "bastard hysterical syndrome of the immigrant" and characterized partly or totally by the following symptoms: fatigue, anxiety, sense of suffocation, dyspnea, coughing, unilateral chills or generalized chil, abdominal or gastric pains, headaches and "diffused pains", paresthesia, aching back, tears and sorrow, fear of dying or having a cancer, asthenia, leg paresthesia and contractions, vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac pains, palpitations, dizziness and collapsing. These troubles appear sometimes without apparent motives but they are almost always due to a precipitating cause expressed by the patient: a delivery, a familial death, a homosexual proposition, a trauma without importance, a working conflict etc... But the most frequent cause invoked is "the french climate" without knowing precisely what the word "climate" means: atmospheric conditions, athmosphere or reception milieu? This latest interpretation seems more likely after months of psychotherapy. Most patients are not french speaking and cannot write; their origin is rural (familial villages well structured regarding their food and sexual economy), and people well "armed" by a system of defense mechanisms and well adopted conditioned reflexes. In this work, hysteria of the portugese immigrant is compared to childhood hysteria. As the hysterical burst of the child is aimed at calling attention, love of the mother, at finding a solution to a familial or social conflict, the hysterical burst of the immigrant is aimed at the absent family or at its substitutes, the bos, social security, the doctor. Furthermore, the attitude of the hosting Country--wanting and rejecting--is very ambivalent; "tenderness" at the time of reception, followed by indifference. Early attentions are followed by constant interdictions (threat of unemployment, false statements on sexual dangers of the immigrant etc;..). The immigrant, like the hysterical child, is periodically controlled (work and visit cards), supervised (supervisors), The narcistic satisfactions of being called a good worker can be followed by threats of firing in economic crisis. The society of the hosting country requires the immigrant to be identical to this society: language, physical appearance, food. The real paradoxical situation to which the immigrant is confronted and the real or hypothetical fears constitute conditions of experimental neurosis, to which portugese immigrants react very often by a bastard symptomatology of hysterical type, characteristic of displaced man. These preliminary studies are the frame for a future epidemiological survey in this specific population.
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PMID:[Hysteria and psychosomatic disorders in Portuguese immigrants]. 102 Jun 87

A pilot study was conducted to determine the differences in frequency of physical complaints between 179 Black patients (112 oral contraceptive (OC) users and 67 IUD users) with sickle cell trait (AS) and those without AS. 6 physical complaint types were analyzed: dysmenorrhea; mental depression; vaginal discharge; fatigue; headaches; and nausea-vomiting. Out of 5690 Black patients with hemoglobin AA, 112 OC users and 67 IUD patients with similar age and parity were randomly selected to serve as controls. Cumulative complaint rates (CCR) were measured in comparing the experiences of AS and control patients in the 6 complaint categories. No significant differences between AS and control CCRs at level .05 for any of the 6 complaints were observed for both the OC and IUD groups. For OC users, AS patients reported higher CCR's than control patients for cramps and mental depression while for IUD users, AS patients had higher CCR's for mental depression. The relationship between OCs and mental depression is not clear yet, and further research would benefit AS patients. Another major concern for OC users is the possible development of hypercoagulable state with resultant thromboembolism. Also, evidence suggests that crisis, splenic infarction, and hematuria can develop in AS patients under special conditions; the role of OCs in enhancing the infarctive process in AS patients is not known and needs to be studied further. Further clinical research should also be done to determine the effect of contraception on dysmenorrhea and mental depression in AS patients. AS patients should be observed regularly.
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PMID:Physical complaints of patients with sickle cell trait. 112 75

Eleven patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were treated with YK-176 (2'-deoxycoformycin) at a dose of 5 mg/m2 by intravenous injection every week or every other week. Patients received a median of eight (range 4-19) injections of YK-176. Five patients had previously been untreated, four of whom had massive splenomegaly. Six patients had previously been treated, four with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or IFN-alpha and chemotherapy and two with prednisolone. Two patients had had splenectomies. Five patients achieved complete remission (CR) and six, partial remission (PR) according to WHO criteria (remission rate 100%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 74-100%). All six neutropenic patients recovered > 1,500/microliters neutrophils, six of seven anemic patients recovered > 12.0 g/dl hemoglobin and five of nine thrombocytopenic patients recovered > 100,000/microliters platelets following the treatment. According to the response criteria for HLC, five patients achieved CR, two PR and four minor response. The overall remission (CR + PR) rate was 64% (95% CI 35-85%). The CR and PR have lasted from > 30 to > 718 days (median, > 281 days) so far with no relapses. Of four patients previously treated with IFN-alpha, two achieved CR and one, PR. All patients were alive with a median survival time of > 290 days from treatment (range > 50- > 763 days). The treatment was generally well tolerated. Mild to moderate nausea, vomiting, appetite loss and general fatigue were experienced in two patients, skin rash in one and a transient fever in three. YK-176 was a highly active agent in the treatment of HCL.
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PMID:Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with deoxycoformycin (YK-176). The Deoxycoformycin (YK-176) Study Group. 129 57

Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang (Ten Significant Tonic Decoction), or SQT (Juzentaihoto, TJ-48) was formulated by Taiping Hui-Min Ju (Public Welfare Pharmacy Bureau) in Chinese Song Dynasty in AD 1200. It is prepared by extracting a mixture of ten medical herbs (Rehmannia glutinosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Liqusticum wallichii, Angelica sinesis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, Panax ginseng. Astragalus membranaceus and Cinnamomum cassia) that tone the blood and vital energy, and strengthen health and immunity. This potent and popular prescription has traditionally been used against anemia, anorexia, extreme exhaustion, fatigue, kidney and spleen insufficiency and general weakness, particularly after illness. In order to restore immunity in cancer patients, potentiate the therapeutic effect and ameliorate adverse toxicity of anticancer agents, 116 Chinese herbal formularies (Kampo) have been screened and evaluated. Fifteen compounds were found to have such actions. Among these, SQT was selected as the most effective as a potent biological response modifier. During the last eight years, animal models and clinical studies have revealed that SQT demonstrates extremely low toxicity (LD50 > 15 g/kg op murine), self-regulatory and synergistic actions of its components in immunomodulatory and immunopotentiating effects (by stimulating hemopoietic factors and interleukins production in association with NK cells, etc.), potentiates therapeutic activity in chemotherapy (mitomycin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil) and radiotherapy, inhibits the recurrence of malignancies, prolongs survival, as well as ameliorate and/or prevents adverse toxicities (GI disturbances such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hematotoxicity, immunosuppression, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and nephropathy, etc.) of many anticancer drugs. The application and mechanistic studies of SQT in future development have potential importance in basic and clinical research of the traditional Chinese therapeutic approach of "toning the blood and strengthening Qi (vital energy)" in cancer immunotherapy.
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PMID:Shi-quan-da-bu-tang (ten significant tonic decoction), SQT. A potent Chinese biological response modifier in cancer immunotherapy, potentiation and detoxification of anticancer drugs. 129 61

A multicenter open trial involving 50 hypertension patients enabled evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of Isoptine L.P. (sustained release verapamil) in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Following a 2-week placebo run-in period, patients were given Isoptine L.P. (240 mg/24 h) as a morning dose for 3 months, with a possible dose increase (360 mg/24 h) in case of diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg or more at the 30-day evaluation. Blood pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer and, in 20 patients, by a Dinamap type Automatic device. After 3 months of treatment, blood pressure levels in supine and standing position, measured manually and automatically, showed a highly significant decrease, with a mean fall of 18.4 mmHg for systolic (13.7 percent) and 13.2 mmHg diastolic (-14.6 percent). 67 percent of patients were responders after 1 month of treatment and 79 percent at 3 months, including one-fifth at the dose of 360 mg/24 h. Seventeen patients, i.e. 34 percent, reported one or more adverse reactions. Among these, four patients had to stop treatment, twice because of headache and twice for constipation. Adverse events seen most frequently were constipation, headache, tiredness and vomiting. No cardiac adverse events were reported with the exception of one case of atrial premature contractions. The electrocardiogram revealed significant slowing of heart rate, as well as slight prolongation of PR and QT intervals and slight widening of the QRS complex. Tolerability on the basis of laboratory parameters was good.
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerability of isoptine LP in mild to moderate hypertension. A multicenter study with 50 patients]. 130 Sep 22

124 Rhesus monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) were caught in the Taihang Mountain region, a high incidence area of human esophageal cancer in Northern China, in January 1989. Among them, two monkeys died of esophageal carcinoma in 1990. Case 1, a male monkey about 6.5 years old and weighing 14.5 kg, had symptoms of salivation, vomiting and dysphagia in February 1990. The symptoms became gradually more serious and died in March 1990. Postmortem examination revealed a huge tumor in the distal segment of esophagus, causing severe stricture of the organ. The tumor was classified as medullary type and histopathologically diagnosed as a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, with metastases to mediastinum and lymph nodes of right gastric group. Case 2, a female monkey about 11-year-old and weighing 10.0 kg, showed loss of appetite, tiredness, somnolence, coughing and vomiting in September and died in December 1990. Autopsy revealed an annular tumor involving the whole circumference of lower portion of the esophagus. The tumor was of ulcerative type and diagnosed as a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The symptoms and pathological changes of the two monkeys showed high similarity to esophageal cancer in humans. We believe that the present findings would provide important leads for further study to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis of human esophageal cancer in this high incidence area of esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[Esophageal cancer in rhesus monkeys from the Taihang Mountain area. A preliminary report]. 130 71


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