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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results are reported from the treatment of 30 patients with the Bulgarian preparation biomet, which is a blocker of histamine H2-receptors. The treatment lasted 20 days with 3 X 20 mg biomet, after meals, and 400 mg in the evening before going to bed. Pains disappeared in 86,6 per cent with biomet treatment, pyrosis--in 95,8 per cent, eructation--in 95,3 per cent, nausea--in 84,7 per cent, vomiting--in 100 per cent of the patients, etc. (the clinical symptoms completely disappeared in 76,7 per cent after the treatment and were substantially reduced in 16,7 per cent). A statistically significant reduction of the basic parameters of gastric secretion and acid output occurred after biomet treatment as compared with the initial values. The fibroendoscopic study of the duodenal ulcer, after the treatment, revealed a complete epithelization in 52 per cent and diminished ulcer size--in 44 per cent. No pronounced adverse effects were observed during biomet treatment. The Bulgarian preparation biomet is fully equivalent to the English Cimetidine (the latter being more expensive) and should find a broad application in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:[Treatment of duodenal ulcer with biomet]. 614 53

Fifty-eight patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon took bran crispbread, ispaghula drink, and placebo for four months each in a randomised, cross-over, double-blind controlled trial. Assessments were made subjectively, using a monthly self-administered questionnaire, and objectively, by examining a seven-day stool collection at the end of each treatment period. In terms of a pain score, lower bowel symptom score (the pain score and sensation of incomplete emptying, straining, stool consistency, flatus, and aperients taken), and total symptom score (belching, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and abdominal distension) fibre supplementation conferred no benefit. Symptoms of constipation, however, when assessed alone, were significantly relieved. Both fibre regimens produced the expected changes in stool weight, consistency, and frequency. It is concluded that dietary fibre supplements in the commonly used doses do no more than relieve constipation. Perhaps the impression that fibre helps diverticular disease is simply a manifestation of Western civilisation's obsession with the need for regular frequent defecation.
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PMID:Are fibre supplements really necessary in diverticular disease of the colon? A controlled clinical trial. 626 96

The etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of reflux esophagitis are reviewed. Reflux esophagitis is the subjective or objective response to gastroesophageal reflux (GER), which is defined as the entrance of gastroduodenal contents into the esophagus not associated with vomiting or belching. The pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis may involve a number of mechanisms, including changes in lower esophageal sphincter pressure, gastric volume, composition of the refluxate, esophageal acid clearance, and esophageal tissue resistance. The most common symptom of reflux esophagitis is heartburn. Regurgitation of fluid into the mouth, usually after bending or during the night, is an unequivocal symptom of GER. Treatment can be divided into three phases. Phase 1 involves the avoidance of certain foods and habits, elevation of the bed head, antacid, and alginic acid-antacid therapy. Phase 2 involves drug therapy with agents not yet approved by the FDA for this indication: bethanechol chloride, cimetidine, and metoclopramide hydrochloride. Bethanechol chloride 25 mg is generally given four times daily. Cimetidine is given in doses of 300-400 mg after meals and at bedtime. Metoclopramide hydrochloride is administered in doses of 10 mg before meals and at bedtime. Phase 3 is antireflux surgery. Clinical experience has shown that phase 1 therapy is successful for about 75% of all patients. Of the 25% that do not respond to phase 1 therapy, about 90% will respond to phase 2 therapy, leaving only 5-10% of all patients with this disorder who will require phase 3 treatment. Current data favor cimetidine and bethanechol over metoclopramide. The least proof of efficacy and the most frequent adverse side effects are seen with metoclopramide. Cimetidine and bethanechol appear to have similar efficacy and relatively infrequent side effects. Evidence confirming the superiority of cimetidine over bethanechol is lacking. Further research is needed to determine the optimal pharmacologic combinations and treatment regimens.
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PMID:Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of reflux esophagitis. 636 Apr 95

33 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery, were fed with the instant formula diet Nutricomp F via a nasogastric tube for a mean time of 10 days. According to intolerance tube feeding had to be interrupted in 3 patients. Other side effects of nutrition with Nutricomp F were diarrhea (2,9%), nausea (1,2%), vomiting (1,2%) and eructation (1,2%). The mean frequency of defecation was 0,64/day. Glucose content of the blood, water balance, body weight, serum electrolytes, liver enzymes, acid-base-balance and the protein content of the serum did not change significantly. The postoperative increase of urea content in the serum is believed to be independent from formula diet.
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PMID:[Postoperative nutrition of maxillary surgery patients with the instant formula diet]. 681 64

Total fundoplication gastroplasty was designed to combine the low anatomic recurrence rate of gastroplasty with the effectiveness of reflux control obtained by total wrap. The problems requiring evaluation are anatomic recurrence, continued reflux, dysphagia, inability to belch or vomit, and gas bloat, all of which have been described in procedures employing a total wrap. Five hundred consecutive patients were analyzed 6 to 60 months following operation. There were no deaths and a 3.6% incidence of short-term operative morbidity. Follow-up was available clinically in 98.4% (495 patients), radiologically in 89.6% (448), and manometrically in 69.5% (347). Two patients have anatomic recurrence (0.4%) and none has reflux. Excellent results occurred in 93.4% (467), improvement in 5% (25), and poor results in 1.6% (eight). Repeat operation was necessary in 0.4% (two) for recurrence and in 0.8% (four) for severe dysphagia. The other problems were minor dysphagia in 2.2% (11), gastritis in 1.2% (six), late cholelithiasis in 0.4% (two), and continued pain with poor results in 0.4% (two). The length of the gastroplasty tube and the subdiaphragmatic position of the high-pressure zone (HPZ) did not affect the result of the operation. A long tube and unwrapped supradiaphragmatic HPZ was present in 18.8% (94); none had reflux or major dysphagia. Total length of the gastroplasty wrap was 3 to 4 cm in the first 200 and the incidence of major dysphagia was 5% (10). Reducing the length of fundoplication to 1.5 to 2 cm reduced the incidence of dysphagia to 1.7% (five). Other problems of gastritis and difficulty with belching and vomiting occurred in a random fashion. This procedure is effective in reflux control, prevents anatomic recurrence and, if the completed fundoplication is maintained at 1.5 to 2 cm, yields a low incidence of significant dysphagia.
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PMID:Total fundoplication gastroplasty. Long-term follow-up in 500 patients. 684 90

Belching and severe vomiting may lead in association with gastro-oesophageal prolapse to a variety of lesions within the gastro-oesophageal junction. Incarceration of the prolapse, diffuse hemorrhage from the prolapsed mucosa, longitudinal lacerations (Mallory-Weiss syndrome), intramural hematoma and spontaneous rupture (Boerhaave syndrome) are the most common complications. Based on 4 cases of incomplete rupture of the oesophagus we would like to draw attention to a disorder with mediastinal emphysema or pneumopericardium following severe vomiting. It is postulated that air escapes from a mucosal tear in the terminal oesophagus into the mediastinum. Conservative treatment seems justified.
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PMID:[Incomplete spontaneous esophageal rupture - a variant of the Mallory-Weiss and Boerhaave syndrome?]. 688 Mar 17

Sheathing the abdominal part of the oesophagus with a fold from the lesser curvature after enervation of the latter by hyperselective vagotomy is a method which aims at restoring valvular continence without pexis and which complies with the conflicting requirements of this digestive meeting-point: to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, yet allowing the occasional belching or vomiting. Easy to perform through an abdominal incision, it is free from the risks and hypercorrection defects of Nissen's operation and appears to be as effective, judging from the satisfactory results obtained in 15 patients followed-up for 2 years.
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PMID:[Treatment of hiatus hernia with gastro-oesophageal reflux. Sheathing of the abdominal oesophagus by plication of the lesser curvature after hyperselective vagotomy (author's transl)]. 744 23

Study of gastric retention of 99mTc-labeled meal by gamma camera is a reliable technic. Patients with anorexia nervosa were found to have increased gastric retention or delayed gastric emptying of a standard meal. Administration of metoclopramide acutely enhanced gastric emptying and chronically improved the weight and gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with anorexia nervosa. The gastrointestinal symptoms most significantly improved were: intolerance to meals, postprandial epigastric pain, belching, vomiting, anorexia and early satiety. Metoclopramide should be considered as an adjunct treatment in patients with anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:Metoclopramide-induced gastric emptying in patients with anorexia nervosa. 744 14

Patients with endoscopically confirmed oesophagitis (n = 49) were treated for 8 weeks with either cisapride (10 mg four times a day) or ranitidine (150 mg twice a day) in a double-blind study in general practice. Mean overall symptom scores fell from 10.8 to 4.5 in the cisapride group and from 9.9 to 4.4 in the ranitidine group over the course of the study. The proportion of patients reporting improvements in individual symptoms in the two treatment groups (cisapride and ranitidine respectively) were: heartburn, 66% and 55%; acid regurgitation, 53% and 47%; epigastric pain, 60% and 52%; satiety, 57% and 47%; bloating, 69% and 71%; belching, 65% and 72%; nausea, 62% and 85%; vomiting, 77% and 66%; poor appetite, 50% and 75%. Improvement in the endoscopic grade of oesophagitis was observed in 66% of patients receiving cisapride and 63% of those receiving ranitidine. It was concluded that cisapride is as effective as ranitidine in relieving the symptoms of oesophagitis and in healing oesophageal erosions.
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PMID:Comparing the efficacy of cisapride and ranitidine in oesophagitis: a double-blind, parallel group study in general practice. 817 73

Functional disorders mainly occur in young, anxious hyperactive, sometimes obsessional patients and involve all parts of digestive tract: feeling of obstruction the upper oesophagus or dysphagia; aerophagia related to a slow gastric emptying or gastric fullness relieved by eructation; biliary vomiting and pain in right abdominal upper quadrant which might correspond to a form of migraine without headache; irritable bowel, characterized by abdominal discomfort and constipation. Obviously, the diagnosis of functional disorders required elimination of an organic disease by appropriate endoscopic investigations. Psychosomatic disorders mainly comprise gastroduodenal ulcers and inflammatory bowel diseases. Although psychologic profiles have been associated with gastro-duodenal ulcer, these are not necessary for the development of the disease. The role of emotional factors has decreased since very efficient anti-secretory drugs are available. Inflammatory bowel diseases, in particular ulcerative colitis is frequently associated to behaviour disorders. The patient is usually a young woman brought up by an overprotective family. It is generally recognized that attacks of ulcerative colitis may be triggered by emotional factors. Thus, Stress may interact with digestive tract. In some cases, as in patients with irritable bowel or distal ulcerative colitis, psychotherapy such as Schultz's Autogenous Training, improves the patient's condition.
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PMID:[Stress and the digestive system]. 828 96


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